Jeremias Kalandula Chitunda (February 20, 1942 – November 2, 1992) was an Angolan politician who served as the Vice President of UNITA until his assassination in Luanda, as part of the Halloween Massacre shortly after the first round of the presidential election, held on September 29–30.[1] He was UNITA's second-in-command, after Jonas Savimbi.
Schooling
editChitunda, born in Chimbuelengue to Emilio Chitunda and Rosalina Kalombo, attended Chimbuelengue and Dondi Mission school in Bela Vista before proceeding to João de Castro College and the Huambo National Secondary School. He later received a scholarship to attend the University of Arizona, where he obtained a degree in mining engineering.[2]
Political career
editChitunda moved from Angola to Zaire, fearing arrest by the Portuguese colonial authorities[why?]. He joined UNITA in 1966 and served as its representative to the U.S. southwest before being promoted to representative to the U.S. in 1976. He became the Vice President of UNITA in August 1986 at the sixth party congress.[2]
Assassination
editIn 1992, after decades of war between UNITA and the governing MPLA, the first Presidential elections were scheduled. José Eduardo dos Santos officially received 49.57% of the vote and UNITA leader Jonas Savimbi won 40.6%. Because no candidate received 50% of the vote, election law dictated a second round of voting between the top two contenders.
Savimbi, along with many other election observers, said the election had been neither free nor fair. But he sent Chitunda, then Vice President of UNITA, and Elias Salupeto Pena, a UNITA senior advisor, to Luanda to negotiate the terms of the second round.[1][3]
The election process broke down on October 31 when government troops in Luanda attacked UNITA. Civilians, using guns they had received from police a few days earlier, conducted house-to-house search and raids with the Rapid Intervention Police, killing and detaining hundreds of UNITA supporters. The government took civilians in trucks to the Camama cemetery and Morro da Luz ravine, shot them, and buried them in mass graves. On November 2, 1992, assailants attacked Chitunda's convoy, pulling him and another UNITA official from their car and shooting both of them in their faces.[1]
State-run television displayed the bodies of Chitunda and Pena. To this date, their bodies have not been returned to their families for burial and their whereabouts have not been released by the Angolan government.[2]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c Chevron oil and the Savimbi problem Archived 2008-05-28 at the Wayback Machine, April 29, 2002. Insight on the News.
- ^ a b c James, W. Martin. Historical Dictionary of Angola, 2004. Page 33.
- ^ ^ Rothchild, Donald S. Managing Ethnic Conflict in Africa: Pressures and Incentives for Cooperation, 1997. Page 134.