Jattir (Hebrew יַתִּר, pronounced Yattir) is a town in Judea mentioned several times in the Hebrew Bible. It was known as Iethira during the 4th century CE, when it was a Christian town. It is identified with Horvat Yattir/Khirbet Attir, an archeological site in the southern Hebron Hills, located in modern day Israel.
 | |
  Shown within Israel | |
| Alternative name | Khirbet Attir |
|---|---|
| Location | Southern District |
| Coordinates | 31°21′09″N 35°00′58″E / 31.35250°N 35.01611°E |
| Type | settlement |
| History | |
| Periods | Chalcolithic to Mamluk period |
| Cultures | Byzantine |
| Site notes | |
| Public access | Yes |
Ancient sources
editHebrew Bible
editJoshua 15:48 says that Jattir was in the mountains of Judah. The village was allocated by Joshua and Elazar to the kohanim of the Aaronic priesthood, according to (Joshua 21:14); Yatir, as written in the Hebrew Bible (Christian Old Testament): "And unto the children of Aaron the priest they gave Hebron with its suburbs, the city of refuge for the manslayer, and Libnah with its suburbs, and Yattir with its suburbs, and Eshtemoa with its suburbs" (Book of Joshua 21:13-14).[1]
Some 400 years later, the Book of Kings mentions that King David shared a portion of the war booty from his battle with the Amalekites with the elders of Yattir (1 Samuel 30:27).
Onomasticon
editIn the early-4th century CE, Greek scholar Eusebius mentioned the town twice in his Onomasticon: "Ietheira is now a very large village in the interior of Daroma, situated near Malaatha", and later, "It is now the very large village of Ietheira, about twenty miles from Eleutheropolis, wholly Christian, in the inner Daroma, near Malatha."[2]
Madaba Map
editThe town is depicted on the seventh-century Madaba Map.[2]
Archeological site
edit
Jattir was identified by Edward Robinson with Khirbet Attir (Horvat Yattir), southwest of Hebron in the West Bank.[3] Félix-Marie Abel noted that there are visible Roman and Byzantine remnants at the site, including a church; moreover, he wrote that the site dominates its surroundings.[4]
A series of excavations was conducted at the site between 1995 and 1999. It appears that the site have been occupied during the Chalcolithic period, the Early Bronze Age, the Iron Age (starting from the 7 century BCE), the Persian period, Hellenistic period, and up until the Mamluk period. Two Byzantine churches were excavated on the site. The settlement appears to have been destroyed at the end of the Bar Kokhba revolt.[2]
Other identifications
editVictor Guérin thought that Jattir was identical with the village of Yater in Lebanon.[5]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Israel News | Online Israeli News Covering Israel & the Jewish World - JPost". Archived from the original on 2012-07-08. Retrieved 2018-09-18.
- ^ a b c Corpus inscriptionum Iudaeae/Palaestinae: a multi-lingual corpus of the inscriptions from Alexander to Muhammad. Vol. IV: Iudaea / Idumaea. Eran Lupu, Marfa Heimbach, Naomi Schneider, Hannah Cotton. Berlin: de Gruyter. 2018. p. 1449. ISBN 978-3-11-022219-7. OCLC 663773367.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p. 116
- ^ F.-M. Abel, Géographie de la Palestine 2, 3rd ed. 1967, 356
- ^ Guerin, 1880, pp. 413-4; in Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 260
Bibliography
edit- Conder, C.R.; Kitchener, H.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. Vol. 1. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Guérin, V. (1880). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (in French). Vol. 3: Galilee, pt. 2. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
- Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. Vol. 3. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.
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