Hatsukaze (初風, lit. “First Wind”) [1] was the seventh vessel to be commissioned in the 19-vessel Kagerō-class destroyers built for the Imperial Japanese Navy in the late-1930s under the Circle Three Supplementary Naval Expansion Program (Maru San Keikaku). She survived four major fleet actions against the Allies, helping to sink the Dutch submarine K X and the US torpedo boats PT-43 and PT-112 throughout her career but, after being damaged through a collision with the Japanese heavy cruiser Myōkō. she was sunk by an American destroyer flotilla led by Captain Arleigh Burke aboard USS Charles Ausburne at the battle of the Empress August Bay, November 2 1943.
 Graphic representation of Hatsukaze upon completion.
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
 Empire of Japan | |
| Name | Hatsukaze |
| Builder | Kawasaki Shipyards |
| Laid down | 3 December 1937 |
| Launched | 24 January 1939 |
| Completed | 15 February 1940 |
| Stricken | 2 November 1943 |
| Fate | Sunk in action, 2 November 1943 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Kagerō-class destroyer |
| Displacement | 2,033 long tons (2,066 t) standard |
| Length | 118.5 m (388 ft 9 in) |
| Beam | 10.8 m (35 ft 5 in) |
| Draft | 3.8 m (12 ft 6 in) |
| Propulsion |
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| Speed | 35.5 knots (40.9 mph; 65.7 km/h) |
| Range | 5,000 NM at 18 knots (21 mph; 33 km/h) |
| Complement | 239 |
| Armament |
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| Service record | |
| Part of: |
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| Operations: |
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| Victories: | |
Background
editThe Kagerō-class destroyers were outwardly almost identical to the preceding light cruiser-sized Asashio class, with improvements made by Japanese naval architects to improve stability and to take advantage of Japan’s lead in torpedo technology. They were designed to accompany the Japanese main striking force and in both day and night attacks against the United States Navy as it advanced across the Pacific Ocean, according to Japanese naval strategic projections.[2] Despite being one of the most powerful classes of destroyers in the world at the time of their completion, only one survived the Pacific War.[3]
Hatsukaze, built at the Kawasaki Shipbuilding Corporation, was laid down on 3 December 1937, launched on 24 January 1939 and commissioned on 15 February 1940.[4]
Operational history
editInvasions of Southeast Asia
editAt the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor, Hatsukaze, was assigned to Destroyer Division 16 (Desdiv 16), and a member of Destroyer Squadron 2 (Desron 2) of the IJN 2nd Fleet, and had deployed from Palau, as part of the escort for the aircraft carrier Ryūjō in the invasion of the southern Philippines and minelayer Yaeyama.[5]
In early 1942, Hatsukaze participated in the invasion of the Netherlands East Indies, escorting the invasion forces for Menado, Kendari and Ambon in January, and the invasion forces for Makassar, Timor and eastern Java in February.[5] On 27–28 February, Hatsukaze and Desron 2 participated in the Battle of the Java Sea, taking part in a torpedo attack on the Allied fleet. During the month of March, Desron 2 was engaged in anti-submarine operations in the Java Sea. On one such occasion on March 1, Hatsukaze was fulfilling this role when her consort, the destroyer Amatsukaze, located the Dutch submarine K X and fired 32 rounds against the submarine, setting her on fire. Hatsukaze only fired a single salvo against the submarine which missed before the enemy ship crashed dived, but she managed to join Amatsukaze in furiously depth charging the surrounding area, mortally wounding K X. The destroyers moved on, claiming a sinking. K X had in fact survived the attack, albeit with heavy damage, but this was all for not as the next day, she was scuttled in harbor due to the damage inflicted partly by Hatsukaze rendering her unable to escape the increasingly hostile port of Surabaya. Two days later, Hatsukaze was present during the sinking of the submarine USS Perch, but didn't actually engage the enemy ship.[6][7]
At the end of the month, the squadron escorted the Christmas Island invasion force, then returned to Makassar. At the end of April, Hatsukaze sailed to Kure Naval Arsenal for maintenance, docking on May 3. On 21 May 1942, Hatsukaze and Desron 2 steamed from Kure to Saipan, where they rendezvoused with a troop convoy and sailed toward Midway Island. Due to the defeat of the Carrier Striking Force and loss of four fleet carriers in the Battle of Midway, the invasion was called off and the convoy withdrew without seeing combat. Desdiv 16 was ordered back to Kure.[5]
Solomon Islands campaign
editOn 14 July, Hatsukaze and Desdiv 16 were reassigned to Desron 10, Third Fleet. On 16 August, Desron 10 departed Kure, escorting a fleet towards Truk. On 24 August, Desron 10 escorted Admiral Nagumo's Striking Force in the Battle of the Eastern Solomons. During September and October, the squadron escorted the fleet patrolling out of Truk north of the Solomon Islands. On 26 October, in the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands, the squadron escorted the Striking Force, then escorted the damaged carriers Shōkaku and Zuihō into Truk on 28 October. On 4 November, Desron 10 escorted Zuikaku from Truk to Kure, then engaged in training in the Inland Sea, and then escorted Zuikaku from Truk to the Shortland Islands in January 1943.[5]
On 10 January, while providing cover for a supply-drum transport run to Guadalcanal, Hatsukaze along with the destroyer Tokitsukaze assisted in sinking the American PT boats PT-43 and PT-112. She suffered heavy damage when struck by a torpedo (possibly launched by PT-112) in the port side; her best speed was 18 knots as she withdrew to Truk, for emergency repairs. Then she sailed to Kure in April for more extensive repairs. In September, Hatsukaze and Desron 10 escorted the battleship Yamato from Kure to Truk. In late September and again in late October, Desron 10 escorted the main fleet from Truk to Eniwetok and back again, in response to American carrier airstrikes in the Central Pacific region. Between these two missions, Hatsukaze sortied briefly from Truk in early October 1943 to assist the fleet oiler Hazakaya, which had been torpedoed by an American submarine.[5]
Final battle
editOn 2 November 1943, while attacking an Allied cruiser-destroyer task force off Bougainville in the Battle of Empress Augusta Bay, Hatsukaze collided with the cruiser Myōkō. The collision sheared off her bow, and as she limped at 10 knots, she exchanged fire with the destroyer USS Spence, being set on fire by 5-inch (127 mm) shells before a 20.3 cm (8 in) shell hit from Myōkō forced Spence to disengage. With Hatsukaze badly damaged but not sunk, Spence called upon the skilled Captain Arleigh Burke's destroyer division 45, consisting of his flagship, USS Charles Ausburne, leading USS Claxton, Dyson, and Stanly to deliver the final blows. Burke's ships promptly opened fire, and a barrage of 5-inch (127 mm) gunfire blasted Hatsukaze, stopping her dead in the water as any remaining guns were silenced and flooding began to quickly overwhelm damage control. The abandoned ship order was issued as Hatsukaze slipped beneath the waves and sank.[8][9] Of those on board, 164 were killed, including its commanding officer, Lieutenant Commander Buichi Ashida.[10]Hatsukaze was removed from the navy list on 5 January 1944.
Notes
edit- ^ Nelson. Japanese-English Character Dictionary. Page 803, 960;
- ^ Peattie & Evans, Kaigun .
- ^ Globalsecurity.org, IJN Kagero class destroyers
- ^ Nishidah, Hiroshi (2002). "Asashio class 1st class destroyers". Materials of the Imperial Japanese Navy. Archived from the original on 2012-07-21. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
- ^ a b c d e Allyn D. Nevitt (1998). "IJN Hatsukaze: Tabular Record of Movement". combinedfleet.com.
- ^ 主要兵器, 大日本帝国軍 (2018-02-04). "初風【陽炎型駆逐艦 七番艦】Hatsukaze【Kagero-class destroyer】". 大日本帝国軍 主要兵器 (in Japanese). Retrieved 2024-11-18.
- ^ "Amatsukaze.天津風.あまつかぜ.The Naval Data Base:近代世界艦船事典The Encyclopedia of World ,Modern Warships". hush.gooside.com. Retrieved 2024-11-18.
- ^ "The Battle of Empress Augusta Bay by Vincent P. O'Hara". destroyerhistory.org. Retrieved 2024-08-23.
- ^ "DD-478 DANFS". www.hazegray.org. Retrieved 2024-08-23.
- ^ Brown, David (1990). Warship Losses of World War Two. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-914-X.
Books
edit- Brown, David (1990). Warship Losses of World War Two. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-914-X.
- D'Albas, Andrieu (1965). Death of a Navy: Japanese Naval Action in World War II. Devin-Adair Pub. ISBN 0-8159-5302-X.
- Evans, David (1979). Kaigun: Strategy, Tactics, and Technology in the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1887-1941. US Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-192-7.
- Roger Chesneau, ed. (1980). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922-1946. Grenwitch: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-146-7.
- Howarth, Stephen (1983). The Fighting Ships of the Rising Sun: The Drama of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1895–1945. Atheneum. ISBN 0-689-11402-8.
- Jentsura, Hansgeorg (1976). Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869–1945. US Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-893-X.
- Watts, A.J. (1966). Japanese warships of World War II. Ian Allan. ISBN 0711002150.
- Whitley, M. J. (1988). Destroyers of World War 2. Cassell Publishing. ISBN 1-85409-521-8.