The Honourable James Campbell (after c. 1660 – c. January 1713) of Burnbank and Boquhan[1] was a Scottish nobleman of Clan Campbell. He was an officer of the Royal Scots Army and then the British Army, and a politician who sat in the Parliament of Scotland from 1699 to 1702 and as a Whig in the British House of Commons from 1708 to 1710.
In 1690 in London, 30-year-old Campbell abducted and married the 13-year-old granddaughter of an unamused Thomas, Lord Wharton. A notorious scandal ensued.[2] Campbell stole away to Scotland, evading punishment.[3]
Family and early life
editCampbell was the fourth son of Archibald Campbell, 9th Earl of Argyll and his first wife Lady Mary, daughter of James Stuart, 4th Earl of Moray.[4] He was educated at the University of Glasgow.[4]
During the Monmouth Rebellion in 1685, Campbell was held in preventive detention in Edinburgh Castle.[4] His father played a leading role in the rising, for which he was later executed.[5]
Campbell joined the army in 1689 as a captain in his brother's regiment, the Earl of Argyll's Regiment of Foot.[4]
Forced marriage
editScandal erupted in 1690 when Captain Campbell, aided by Sir John, son of Sir William of Johnston (who had served in King William's War and as a captain at the Battle of Boyne),[3] and by Archibald Montgomery, abducted and married a young heiress in London. The teenaged Mary Wharton was heir to her father Philip Wharton of Goldsborough Hall in North Yorkshire, who had died in 1685. On her 13th birthday, Mary had come into an annual income of £1,500,[6] equivalent to £331,000 in 2024.[7]
On 10 November 1690, Mary was lured outside from the home she shared with her great aunt on Great Queen Street, Westminster, where the three men forced her into a six-horse coach and took her off to the coachman's house.[6] There, she was forcibly married to Campbell, without her consent, and without the presence of her legal guardian Robert Byerley, the son of her great aunt.[6] By order of the Lord Chief Justice, the marriage was annulled and Mary was returned to her guardian within two days, to whom she was wed two years later.[4] Sir John was then arrested and indicted for the abduction on 11 December, convicted by jury, and hanged at Tyburn on 23 December 1690.[6] Reputedly a "nasty piece of work",[2] Johnston had previously been involved in a similar elopement with a Miss Magrath in County Clare, Ireland and had subsequently been imprisoned in Dublin as a debtor.[6] He was also alleged to have committed rape in Utrecht.[2]
However, the real culprit was Campbell, who had lured the impoverished Johnston with money,[6] but escaped scot-free.[4] Abduction and forced marriage was an ancient custom in the Scottish Highlands,[8] but in London Campbell was regarded as lucky to have escaped the hangman's noose.[2]
The marriage was annulled on 20 December 1690 by the Parliament of England, which passed a personal Act of Parliament:[1] the Mary Wharton and James Campbell Marriage Annulment Act 1690 (2 Will. & Mar. Sess. 2. c. 9).[9] Campbell's older brother, the 10th Earl of Argyll and later 1st Duke of Argyll, had unsuccessfully petitioned against the annulment.[6]
In 1692, Mary was married to her guardian, Robert Byerley.[10] She died in 1727, having had two sons and three daughters.[10] Campbell remarried in 1694 to Margaret Leslie, daughter of General David Leslie, 1st Lord Newark. They had two sons and three daughters.[2]
Politics
editCampbell subscribed £500 to the Darien scheme in 1696. His relationship with his brother faltered during the 1690s, but had recovered sufficiently by 1699 that Campbell was elected in the Argyll interest to Parliament of Scotland, as a burgh commissioner for Renfrew.[1] In 1702 he became a director of the Bank of Scotland.[4]
The first Duke of Argyll died in 1703, and was succeeded by his son John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll. At the 1708 British general election Campbell was chosen by his nephew, the second Duke, as his candidate for the Ayr District of Burghs of Ayr, Irvine, Rothesay, Inveraray and Campbeltown. The 1st Earl of Bute, who controlled Rothesay, acquiesced in the choice and made James Campbell a burgess of Rothesay to allow him to be appointed as the burgh's commissioner for the election. Argyll controlled Inverary and Campbeltown, so with three of five burghs backing James Campbell, a challenge would have been futile. He was returned unopposed as a Whig.[11]
By the time of his election in 1708 Campbell had taken and then left another commission in the army, probably as colonel of a foot regiment. His efforts in 1709 to secure reinstatement to the army failed, and neither appeals to the Duke of Marlborough nor the lobbying of his nephew Argyll were enough to win him a new commission. He was not prominent in Parliament but supported Dr Sacheverell’s impeachment in 1710.[4]
Campbell gave up his Parliamentary seat at the 1710 general election, when his nephew gave the seat to the London-based Scottish physician Charles Oliphant.[11]
Death and legacy
editCampbell probably died in January 1713, leaving two sons and two surviving daughters. His main heir was his eldest son John Campbell, although his younger son and a daughter were served as heirs to their portions of his estate in 1738.[4]
References
edit- ^ a b c Foster, Joseph (1882). Members of Parliament, Scotland, including the minor barons, the commissioners for the shires, and the commissioners for the burghs, 1357–1882: on the basis of the parliamentary return 1880, with genealogical and biographical notices (2nd ed.). p. 54. OL 17326078M. Retrieved 29 April 2015 – via Open Library.
- ^ a b c d e Campbell, Alastair (2000). A History of Clan Campbell. Vol. 3, From the Restoration to the present day. Edinburgh University Press. p. 76. ISBN 9780748617906.
- ^ a b "A genealogical and heraldic dictionary of the peerage and baronetage of the British Empire", by Sir Bernard Burke; Harrison; London; 1869, p. 627.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Hayton, D. W. (2002). D. Hayton; E. Cruickshanks; S. Handley (eds.). "Campbell, Hon. James (aft. c. 1660 – ?1713)". The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1690–1715. Boydell and Brewer. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
- ^ David Stevenson, Campbell, Archibald, ninth earl of Argyll (1629–1685), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Oct 2005, accessed 7 May 2015
- ^ a b c d e f g The Portfolio of Entertaining & Instructive Varieties in History, Literature, and the Fine Arts. Vol. 1. London: John Duncombe. 1827. p. 237.
- ^ UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark, Gregory (2017). "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
- ^ Menikoff, Barry (2005). Narrating Scotland: The Imagination of Robert Louis Stevenson. University of South Carolina Press. p. 113. ISBN 978-1570035685.
- ^ "Chronological Tables of the Private and Personal Acts: Acts of the Parliaments of England, Part 4, (1685–1694)". The National Archives. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
- ^ a b Cruickshanks, Eveline; Harrison, Richard (2002). D. Hayton; E. Cruickshanks; S. Handley (eds.). "Byerley, Robert (1660–1714), of Middridge Grange, Heighington, co. Dur., and Goldsborough, Yorks". The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1690–1715. Boydell and Brewer. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
- ^ a b Wilkinson, David (2002). D. Hayton; E. Cruickshanks; S. Handley (eds.). "Ayr Burghs 1708–1715". The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1690–1715. Boydell and Brewer. Retrieved 7 May 2015.