Isaiah ben Elijah di Trani (the Younger) (Hebrew: ישעיה בן אליהו דטראני) was an Italian Talmudist and commentator who lived in the 13th century. He was the grandson, on his mother's side, of Isaiah (ben Mali) di Trani the Elder. He is usually quoted as ריא"ז (= "R. Isaiah Acharon, ז"ל"), or (ריב"א = "R. Isaiah ben Elijah").
Works
editHe wrote commentaries on the books of Joshua,[1] Judges and Samuel,[2] Kings[3] and Job.[4] MSS. Nos. 217[5] and 218,[6] in the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris, contain commentaries by him on the prophetical books and on Psalms; the Rome MSS. contain a commentary on the five Megillot.[7] The last-named are sometimes ascribed to his grandfather, but Güdemann advances several reasons in support of Isaiah ben Elijah's authorship, the principal being their identity of style with Isaiah's acknowledged commentaries.[8] Gilbert Génébrard published a Latin translation of di Trani's commentary to Song of Songs in 1585[9] (the commentary was identified by H. J. Matthews in 1880).[10]
Isaiah's commentaries are confined to simple, concise, and rational exegesis. Their importance lies in the fact that they were the first to be issued in Italy that were free from allegorical interpretations. In them he quotes the Spanish grammarians Ibn Janaḥ, Ibn Ḥayyuj, and Abraham ibn Ezra.
More important, however, is his Pirkei Halakhot,[11] a ritual code, the first produced in Italy. Extracts from it are printed in Joshua Boas's Shilṭe ha-Gibborim, Sabbionetta, 1554, and in the editions of Isaac Alfasi's Halakhot. On the basis of the Talmudical treatises and following their sequence the Halakot are derived from the Mishnah rather than from the Gemara, and are clearly arranged in a precise way. The author ascribes great authority to the Jerusalem Talmud. He is independent in his criticisms of older authorities, his grandfather not excepted, whom he often quotes (with the abbreviation מז"ה = "Mori Zeḳeni ha-Rav"). As a sort of preliminary work to the Halakhot he wrote a book, Kontres ha-Re'ayot, which contained and discussed the proofs for his halakic decisions.
Isaiah also wrote a Tachanun prayer.[12] Two other prayers, signed merely "Isaiah",[12] may be ascribed to him or to his grandfather, who also was a liturgical poet.[13] Unlike his grandfather, Isaiah was an opponent of Aristotle and of the rest of the Greek philosophers who "denied the Torah." Religious conceptions are, according to him, a matter of tradition more than of individual meditation. He advised against religious disputations with the Gentiles and against teaching them the Torah. He endeavored to shield the grotesque midrashim[clarification needed] from derision on the part of Christian theologians and baptized Jews by interpreting them as symbolic or hyperbolic.
References
edit- ^ Leipsic, 1712
- ^ Printed in Mikraot Gedolot
- ^ I Kings 4:4,5,19, and 5:17 only being included in the principal editions of Mikraot Gedolot
- ^ printed in J. Schwarz, Tiḳwat Enosh, pp. 39 et seq., Hebr. Supplement; see Geiger, Jüd. Zeit. vii. 142
- ^ texte, Yšaʿyahw ben Maliy miṬraniy hazaqen (1180?-1250?) Auteur du; טרני, ישעיה בן מלי (1297). Isaïe ben Mali de Trani. Commentaire sur les Prophètes et sur les Hagiographes. טרני, ישעיה בן מלי, הזקן די. פרוש נביאים וכתובים לרי"ד.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ texte, Yšaʿyahw ben Maliy miṬraniy hazaqen (1180?-1250?) Auteur du; טרני, ישעיה בן מלי. Isaïe ben Mali de Trani.. Commentaire sur les Prophètes טרני, ישעיה בן מלי, הזקן די. פרוש נביאים לישעיה די טרני.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Steinschneider, Hebr. Bibl. ix. 137
- ^ Berliner's Magazin, i. 45 et seq.
- ^ Genebrard, Gilbert (1585). Canticum Canticorum Salomonis versibus et commentariis illustratum. Gilb. Genebrardo theologo Parisiensi, professore regio auctore. Aduersus Trochaicam Theodori Bezae Paraphrasim. Subiuncti sunt trium Rabbinorum, Salomonis Iarhij, Abrahami Abben Ezrae, & innominati cuiusdam commentarij, eodem interprete (in Latin). apud Aegidium Gorbinum, sub signo Spei, èregione Collegij Cameracensis.
- ^ Israelitische letterbode (in Dutch). M. Roest. 1877.
- ^ Halberstam MSS. and other incomplete MSS.; Paris MSS. Nos. 395, 396; Neubauer, Cat. Bodl. Hebr. MSS. Nos. 643-650; Parma, De Rossi, MSS. Nos. 793, 934
- ^ a b Zunz, Literaturgesch. p. 363
- ^ See Landshuth, Ammudei haAvodah, p. 134
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "Isaiah (ben Elijah) di Trani (the Younger)". The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. It has the following bibliography:
- Azulai, Shem ha-Gedolim, i.;
- Abraham Berliner, Pletath Soferim, pp. 8, 13 et seq.;
- Heinrich Grätz, Gesch. vii. 161;
- Moritz Güdemann, Gesch. ii. 189 et seq., 390;
- Moritz Steinschneider, Cat. Bodl. col. 1392;
- Winter and Wünsche, Die Jüdische Litteratur, ii. 332, 338, 483;
- Marco Mortara, Indice, p. 66;
- Isaac Hirsch Weiss, Dor, v. 95 et seq.