The Peacekeeping Unit (Persian: یگان حافظ صلح) is a battalion of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army Ground Force tasked with peacekeeping missions overseas and assigning personnel contributed by Iran to the United Nations peacekeeping.
| Peacekeeping Unit | |
|---|---|
| Active | 1963–1979; 1993–present |
| Country | Iran |
| Branch | Ground Force |
| Role | Peacekeeping |
| Part of | 23rd Takavar Division |
| Nickname(s) | "The Blue Berets" |
| Colors | Blue |
| Missions | |
History
edit20th century
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Iranian forces were present in the Republic of the Congo, as part of the United Nations Operation in the Congo.[1]
On 26 October 1973, the Iranian contingent arrived at Saigon to replace the Canadian counterparts who withdrew from the International Commission of Control and Supervision (ICCS), an international organization formed to monitor cease-fire of the parties in the Vietnam War.[2]
Starting in 1975, Iran contributed 390 infantry personnel to the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) at Golan Heights to oversee the ceasefire between Israel and Syria,[3] after Peru withdrew its forces.[4] During this mission, Iranian peacekeepers were attacked by Israeli soldiers in November 1977,[3] during which two peacekeepers, Warrant officer A. A Aghei and Private Yadollah Moradpour were killed.[5] Iranians were in the original composition of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) in 1978, but soon after the Iranian Revolution took place, all Iranian peacekeepers were called back by the interim government in early 1979.[6] Later that year, Finland replaced the Iranian battalion in charge of UNDOF.[4]
The Iran–Iraq War let to abandoning the international peacekeeping missions by Iran, and the UN posted its UNIIMOG forces to monitor the conflict. In 1993, the Iranians reestablished the professional peacekeeping unit and declared that they are ready to be dispatched at the UN's directive.[7]
21st century
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The Peacekeeping Unit has had personnel serving in the United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE), the United Nations Mission in Sudan (UNMIS) and the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID), though contribution of few personnel is not considered a meaningful participation.[8] Iran has expressed interest in expanding its support to the UN,[8] for example in February 2018 the Permanent Representative of Iran to the United Nations addressed the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations, stating "[m]y Government stands ready to increase its contribution to the peacekeeping operations logistically and militarily, by deploying troop, military observer, police and civilians".[9] An unclassified report published by the U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency in 2019, concluded that participating multilateral initiatives is a potential way to gain more international prestige by Iran.[8]
The table below shows the number of Iranian contributions to the UN annually since 2000, accurate as of June 30 of each year:
| Year | Personnel Contributed | Ref | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E | S | M | T | Total | ||
| 2000 | — | 0 | [1] | |||
| 2001 | — | 0 | [2] | |||
| 2002 | — | 0 | [3] | |||
| 2003 | — | — | 2 | — | 2 | [4] |
| 2004 | — | — | 3 | — | 3 | [5] |
| 2005 | — | — | 3 | — | 3 | [6] |
| 2006 | — | — | 3 | — | 3 | [7] |
| 2007 | — | — | 3 | — | 3 | [8] |
| 2008 | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | [9] |
| 2009 | — | — | 2 | — | 2 | [10] |
| 2010 | 2 | — | — | — | 2 | [11] |
| 2011 | — | 0 | [12] | |||
| 2012 | 2 | — | — | — | 2 | [13] |
| 2013 | 2 | — | — | — | 2 | [14] |
| 2014 | 2 | — | — | — | 2 | [15] |
| 2015 | 2 | — | — | — | 2 | [16] |
| 2016 | 4 | — | — | — | 4 | [17] |
| 2017 | 3 | — | — | — | 3 | [18] |
| 2018 | 3 | 1 | — | — | 4 | [19] |
| 2019 | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | [20] |
| 2020 | — | 1 | — | — | 1 | [21] |
References
edit
- ^ Boulden, Jane (2014), "United Nations Operation in the Congo (ONUC)", in Koops, Joachim A.; Tardy, Thierry; MacQueen, Norrie; Williams, Paul D. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of United Nations Peacekeeping Operations, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199686049.013.21, ISBN 9780199686049
- ^ "South Vietnam: New Iranian Contingent for Ceasefire Commission Allows Prisoner Exchange to Resume", Thomson Reuters, 26 October 1973, 316863
- ^ a b Rudloff, Peter; Diehl, Paul F. (2014), "United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF)", in Koops, Joachim A.; Tardy, Thierry; MacQueen, Norrie; Williams, Paul D. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of United Nations Peacekeeping Operations, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199686049.013.5, ISBN 9780199686049
- ^ a b Mays, Terry M. (2010), Historical Dictionary of Multinational Peacekeeping, Historical Dictionaries of International Organizations, vol. 29, Scarecrow Press, p. 279, ISBN 0810875160
- ^ Singh Billing, Harinder, ed. (June 2014), UNDOF: United Nations Disengagement Observer Force: 40 Years in the Service of Peace (PDF), Media & Public Relations, UNDOF HQ, pp. 95, 102
- ^ Novosseloff, Alexandra (2014), "United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL I)", in Koops, Joachim A.; Tardy, Thierry; MacQueen, Norrie; Williams, Paul D. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of United Nations Peacekeeping Operations, Oxford University Press, ISBN 9780199686049
- ^ "Iranian Peacekeepers Ready to Serve UN Missions, Anytime, Anywhere—Army Colonel". United Nations Information Centre - Tehran. 26 May 2015. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
- ^ a b c Iran Military Power: Ensuring Regime Survival and Securing Regional Dominance (PDF), Defense Intelligence Agency, August 2019, p. 35, ISBN 978-0-16-095157-2, DIA-Q-00055-A
- ^ "Iran ready to help UN peacekeeping operations: Envoy", IRNA, 14 February 2018, 82831267