Wikipedia

Inter-Parliamentary Alliance on China

The Inter-Parliamentary Alliance on China (IPAC) is an international, cross-party alliance of parliamentarians from democratic countries focused on relations with the People's Republic of China (PRC), and specifically, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).[1][2][3][4] It was established on June 4, 2020, on the anniversary of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre.[5][6][7][8] The alliance comprises over 240 members from 27 legislatures and the European Parliament.[9][10][11] Each legislature represented takes turns to chair the alliance on a rotating basis. Its purpose is to create a coordinated response to China on global trade, security and human rights.[12]

Inter-Parliamentary Alliance on China
FormationJune 4, 2020; 4 years ago (2020-06-04)
PurposeReform democratic countries' approach to the People's Republic of China and the Chinese Communist Party
Websiteipac.global Edit this at Wikidata

History

edit

Founding

edit

In its founding statement, the alliance stated that "countries that have tried to stand up to Beijing have mostly done so alone — and often at great cost."[4] Many of those who first signed the declaration have been affected by overseas censorship of Chinese issues in recent years. Co-chair James Paterson and member Andrew Hastie were banned from visiting China after meeting with Uyghur dissidents and writing about the threat of China to Australian democracy.[13] Germany's co-chair Michael Brand experienced "massive pressure" to delete comments about Tibet[14] and later had a travel ban imposed on him.[14] Canadian parliamentarians joined the alliance after the CCP restricted imports on some Canadian goods and detained Canadians nationals Michael Spavor and Michael Kovrig as a tit for tat for Canada's arrest of Meng Wanzhou on charges of fraud.[15] Belgium co-chair Samuel Cogolati being the subject of cyber attack by a Chinese state actor, after writing a resolution on Uyghur Muslims in China,[16] and Els Van Hoof being warned by China not to visit Taiwan. Sweden's co-chair Fredrik Malm spoke at a solidarity rally for Hong Kong in September 2019. Some weeks later China's Ambassador to Sweden, Gui Congyou addressed Swedish listeners and said, "We treat our friends with fine wine, but for our enemies we have shotguns."[17] This type of intimidating language is one of the features of China's new generation of "wolf warrior diplomats."[18] Despite this intimidation, many representatives from the world's democracies wish to maintain their "long-standing concerns over human rights and trade practices".[19]

 
Peter Kent, Andrew Scheer, the 17th Karmapa, with alliance members Garnett Genuis and David Sweet - who have longstanding concerns around the CCP's restrictions on religious freedom in Tibet.

COVID-19 and Hong Kong

edit
Further information: 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests

Two contemporaneous events triggered the formation of the alliance: China's initial attempt to suppress news of what eventually became the COVID-19 pandemic and Beijing's plan to criminalize dissent in the semi-autonomous territory of Hong Kong.[19]

China's "lack of transparency over the COVID-19 pandemic"[20] meant that many democratic nations felt compelled to confront the CCP. When Australia moved to hold China accountable for its actions, or inactions, around the outbreak first detected in Wuhan, China quickly imposed new tariffs on Australian barley and outright bans on some of its beef,[4] then went on to warn Chinese citizens against traveling to the country.[21] Conservative Canadian MP and co-chair, Garnett Genuis said, "We don’t want to be in a situation where individual countries are targeted and isolated one at a time."[15][22]

 
Baroness Kennedy of Shaws, one of the founding co-chairs of the alliance, has been a strong critic of China's crackdown on the Hong Kong democracy movement.

Beijing's plans to criminalise dissent, became the final impetus for the new alliance. Baroness Kennedy condemned "unilateral introduction of national security legislation in Hong Kong"[23] Kennedy, a Labour Party member of the House of Lords, would later reach out to form the permanent alliance with Conservative MP Sir Iain Duncan Smith. Joining them came US Republican Senator Marco Rubio and Democratic Senator Bob Menendez, both longtime critics of the CCP and key supporters of US legislation targeting China over its actions against Hong Kong's autonomy.[4]

In short, the emergence of the alliance indicates "there is growing backlash against China’s increasing assertiveness.”[24] In view of the human rights abuses and the intimidation of democratic nations, democratic legislators such as Reinhard Bütikofer felt they "cannot return to business as normal."[19] For many, this decision came with a sense of shame that the free world had been "naive" in its approach to China, that, as Duncan Smith put it, there had been an "unfounded" hope that free markets would lead Beijing to democratic reforms.[19]

2021 email hack

edit

In 2021, an advanced persistent threat group associated with the Hubei State Security Department in Wuhan, APT31, targeted the emails of every European Union IPAC member and 43 United Kingdom parliamentary accounts.[25][26] In March 2024, the United States Department of Justice indicted seven Chinese nationals affiliated with APT31.[26] The UK government and the United States Department of the Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) jointly sanctioned a Chinese Ministry of State Security front company called Wuhan Xiaoruizhi Science and Technology and affiliated individuals linked to APT31 for breaching the UK Electoral Commission and placing malware in critical infrastructure.[25][27][28]

2024 Taiwan summit and pressure campaign

edit

In July 2024, lawmakers from at least six countries received various forms of electronic communications from Chinese diplomats pressuring them not to attend the first IPAC summit in Taiwan.[29][30][31][32] At the summit, IPAC lawmakers agreed on a resolution to counter China's interpretation of United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758 (XXVI) in their home country legislatures.[33][34] During the summit, Taiwan officially became a member of IPAC.[35]

Funding

edit

The Inter-Parliamentary Alliance on China is financed by the Open Society Foundations of George Soros, the National Endowment for Democracy, which is funded by the US government, and by the Taiwan Foundation for Democracy.[36]

Purpose

edit
 
People's Liberation Army Navy Aircraft Carrier Liaoning CV in Hong Kong waters.

The alliance appears to have a defensive posture, seeing China's relationship to the world, at least under Communist Party general secretary Xi Jinping, as being a threat to many democratic values. Overall, the group aims "to help counter what they say is the threat China’s growing influence poses to global trade, security and human rights."[4] The Inter-Parliamentary Alliance on China has a five-fold mission:

 
Woody Island, a disputed territory in the South China Sea, is currently occupied by China, and has been used for landing long-range bombers of the People's Liberation Army Air Force.

1. Safeguarding international rules-based order

edit

In the aftermath of World War II global institutions were formed, chiefly the United Nations, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund[37] so that international questions, from trading arrangements to the recognition of territorial borders, are settled according to agreed rules, rather than mere force. Members of the alliance, such as Mike Gallagher of the United States, are concerned that China is undermining the rules based order, with, for example, "illegitimate efforts to build and militarize islands in the region."[38]

2. Upholding of human rights

edit
 
Chinese military occupation of Tibet and abuses of human rights are background concerns for the alliance.

Many members are driven by their concern for what they see as China's "egregious human rights violations".[39] — to use the phrase of British member, David Alton — especially towards its own minority groups, particularly Uyghurs and Tibetan people. Canadian member Dan Albas has expressed concerns about the Chinese Government's "crackdowns on legitimate protests and concentration camps for Uighur Muslims." Similarly, Fabian Molina has moved in the Swiss legislature that "Stop crimes against humanity in Xinjiang or suspend free trade with China."[40] Founding co-chair Baroness Kennedy has a particular concern for the poor treatment of lawyers and human rights defenders in China.[41] Some members are hopeful that new instruments for holding China to account on its human rights abuses will emerge. Lianchao Han (a fellow of the Hudson Institute) and Jianli Yang (a survivor of Tiananmen Square) described the formation of the alliance as "a significant step toward confronting China collectively on its human rights abuses and other important issues."[42]

3. Promoting trade fairness

edit
 
Marco Rubio, who has criticised the CCP's human rights record, is a founding co-chair of the Inter-Parliamentary Alliance on China.

The activity of selling goods in order to eliminate or damage a competitor is considered "dumping."[43] Currently many members of the alliance see China as engaging in dumping in their own home markets.

4. Strengthening security

edit

For several founding co-chairs, such as Australia's Andrew Hastie, China's actions on the world stage, particularly in the South China Sea have revealed the regime to be "revisionist and expansionist"[44] revisionist China is a test of "our alliances and our security like no other time."[45] For co-chair Gen Nakatani (a former Minister of Defence in Japan) the activity of the People's Liberation Army in the region being "dangerous actions" that have a direct "impact on our national security."[46]

5. Protecting national integrity

edit
 
Beijing has made advanced preparations for the 2022 Winter Olympics, such as the construction of the National Speed Skating Oval, seen here in late 2019.
 
Gui Minhai, a bookseller and Swedish national, disappeared in October 2015, as one of the Causeway Bay Books disappearances. He is now understood to be in the custody of CCP security services. In 2019 Sweden's Culture Minister Amanda Lind awarded the Tucholsky Prize to Gui, though he was prevented from attending. As a result, the Minister has been made persona non grata in China.

Members of the alliance, including Germany's Margarete Bause, are seeing China as attempting to "encroach"[47] on their democratic systems. Several member nations, such as Australia and Sweden, have experienced China actively seeking to influence their institutions, such as Norway's awarding of its Nobel prize to Liu Xiaobo,[48] Sweden's awarding Gui Minhai,[13] or the Australian Labor Party receiving cash donations from patrons connected to the United Front Work Department and its affiliates.[49] Preserving national integrity means preventing CCP attempts at interference in the running of national institutions such as parliaments and the media. Hence their stated principle that, "Democratic states must maintain the integrity of their political systems, and actively seek to preserve a marketplace of ideas free from distortion."[50]

Campaigns

edit

Treatment of Uyghurs in Xinjiang

edit
Further information: Persecution of Uyghurs in China

Members of the Alliance have been leading calls for political action in response to the ongoing human rights abuses in the Xinjiang-Uyghur Autonomous Region, which include the forced internment of over one million Uyghurs and other Turkic Muslims in "re-education camps" and the persecution of Uyghurs in China. The campaign was launched after the Associated Press documented a report by Professor Adrian Zenz which focused on a Chinese Government birth prevention programme in Xinjiang.[51]

IPAC co-chairs signed a joint statement in response to the revelations calling for a United Nations led investigation into the alleged atrocities.[52] The statement was followed up by interventions from members of the Alliance in the European Parliament, the Italian Senate, the British House of Commons and the United States Congress.[53][54][55][56] As a result, the British Government, for the first time, alongside EU, Canada and US, imposed sanctions against 4 senior Chinese officials, as well as the Public Security Bureau of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps.[57][58][59]

Hong Kong National Security Law

edit

The passing of the National Security Law in Hong Kong was met with severe condemnation and calls to action from members of the Alliance. A joint statement from the co-chairs of the Alliance called for an international “lifeboat” scheme for Hong Kong citizens at risk of political persecution, and for countries to “review and recalibrate” relations with China in order to reduce “strategic dependency”.[60]

In a coordinated bi-partisan response IPAC members Senator Marco Rubio, Senator Bob Menendez, Representative Mike Gallagher and Representative Joaquin Castro introduced the Hong Kong Safe Harbor Act in both chambers of the US Congress.[61]

IPAC members also made public statements on the issue in Australia, the European Union, Italy, Japan, Lithuania and the United Kingdom.[62][63][64][65][66][67]

No Extradition to Hong Kong

edit

The Alliance is coordinating efforts to call for no extradition to Hong Kong, where it claims the rule of law is severely compromised following the passing of the National Security Law.[68]

The campaign saw quick success as Australia and Canada suspended their extradition treaties with Hong Kong.[69][70] New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States have announced a review of extradition arrangements in response to the campaign.[71]

Push to boycott Beijing 2022

edit
Further information: Concerns and controversies at the 2022 Winter Olympics

On 20 August 2020, Iain Duncan Smith gave a radio interview in London and raised doubts about the UK being able to participate in the 2022 Winter Olympics, due to be hosted by Beijing.

"China has broken all the rules on free markets, subsidising huge businesses like Huawei, driven other businesses in the free world out of business... they are threatening Australia with sanctions and bullying them because they asked for an independent review on COVID-19 in China. If you add to that the concentration camps and the terrible human rights abuses in Hong Kong, you ask yourself the question, how do you get the point across that no country can behave like this?"[72]

Four weeks later, 160 human rights groups wrote a letter to the chief of the International Olympic Committee asking it to consider China's poor human rights record — and revise its decision to let Beijing host the 2022 Winter Games. On 22 September 2020, speaking as the co-chair of the Inter-Parliamentary Alliance on China, Duncan Smith made a more assertive statement asking the IOC to think again about allowing China to hosting the games, addressing China with the words:

"The free world does have a strong position to say the bullying, the threatening, the internal repression, the border disputes, the arrogant attitude to your neighbours, the breaking of the treaty with Hong Kong — these must have consequences."[73]

Revealing forced labor in Tibet

edit
Further information: Human rights in Tibet and Labour camps in Tibet

On 22 September 2020, the Alliance co-published a report by Professor Adrian Zenz describing an apparent widespread system of forced labor in the Tibetan Autonomous Region perpetrated by the Chinese government. The co-chairs released a joint statement in which they call upon their governments to take immediate action to condemn the atrocities and to prevent further human rights abuses.[74]

Introducing Magnitsky laws to target CCP officials

edit
Further information: Magnitsky Act and Magnitsky legislation

In March 2021, the European Union joined Britain and Canada to introduce sanctions on Chinese government officials, as a response to the persecution of Uyghurs. The joint action was publicly endorsed by the UK's foreign secretary Dominic Raab who said "we are sending the clearest message to the Chinese government that the international community will not turn a blind eye to such serious and systemic human rights violations."[75] The sanctions involving travel bans and asset freezes, were levelled against the leadership of the Public Security Bureau of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps including Zhu Hailun and Wang Junzheng.[75] The new law was strongly supported by I-PAC and, in turn, it was announced, China retaliated by sanctioning European MPs who are members of the alliance.[citation needed]

Genocide amendment

edit

In September 2020, Sir Iain Duncan Smith, who is "convinced that the Chinese government was 'performing the systematic eradication of the Uighur people'", said that the IPAC had "proposed an amendment to (a UK) trade bill which states that if it is deemed that a country is practicing genocide then the trade arrangements with that country should not stand".[76] By March 2021, the initiative was causing a rebellion in the Conservative Party, where many MPs joined opposition members to support the amendment.[77]

Membership

edit
 
Margarete Bause, an Alliance 90/The Greens member of the Bundestag in Germany, is one of the 18 founding co-chairs of the Inter-Parliamentary Alliance on China.
 
US congressman and early alliance member Mike Gallagher seen with Australian MP and founding co-chair Andrew Hastie, standing beside a statue of David Stirling, founder of the Special Air Service special forces unit of the British Army.

The alliance states that its goal is to promote and protect democracy globally, it has been described as "one of the most geographically and politically diverse coalitions ever."[7] The founding 18 members[3] of the alliance came from the legislatures of eight nations, Australia, Canada, Germany, Japan, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom, the United States as well as the European Parliament.

Within a week of its launch, the number of members had increased from 18 to over 100 lawmakers.[78] With members of the New Zealand, the Netherlands, Lithuanian, Swiss, Ugandan, Belgian, Czech, French, Italian and Danish legislatures joining, the total number of democratic nations in the alliance has increased from 8 to 19, including all five of the Five Eyes security alliance. Each nation is represented in the Alliance by two co-chairs,[79] senior politicians who lead the Alliance's work in that nation.

In a statement, the founding co-chairs said:

China under the rule of the Chinese Communist party represents a global challenge... When countries have stood up for the values and human rights, they have done so alone, sometimes, at great cost. No country should have to shoulder this burden alone.... The Inter-Parliamentary Alliance on China has been created to promote a coordinated response between democratic states to challenges posed by the present conduct and future ambitions of the People’s Republic of China. By developing a common set of principles and frameworks that transcend domestic party divisions and international borders, our democracies will be able to keep the rules-based and human rights systems true to their founding purposes.[1]

The formation of the alliance was dismissed by the government of the People's Republic of China with its representative in London, Chen Wen, saying, “It's a misinterpretation of China’s foreign policy and a misreading of the current world situation. China is a force for positive change.”[80]

The work of the Alliance membership is supported in an operational capacity by a team comprising the Central Secretariat.[81] This is led by Luke de Pulford, co-founder of the Arise Foundation and Coalition for Genocide Response.[82] A number of individuals act as advisors to the Alliance, including Anne-Marie Brady, Wei Jingsheng, Rahima Mahmut and Robert Suettinger.[81]

As of July 30, 2024, membership consists of the following countries:[83]

Criticism

edit

Chinese Communist Party

edit

The alliance has been the target of criticism from Chinese Communist Party-affiliated sources. Geng Shuang, a spokesman for the Chinese Foreign Ministry, has criticized the group, saying in a press conference that "[w]e urge this handful of politicians to respect facts and basic norms of international relations, discard their Cold War mentality and ideological prejudice, and stop exploiting various issues to interfere in China's internal affairs and political manipulation for selfish gains. We hope that they will find ways to contribute constructively to international solidarity and cooperation."[84][non-primary source needed]

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^ a b Graham-Harrison, Emma (2020-06-05). "Global alliance formed to counter China threat amid rising tensions". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 2020-06-06. Retrieved 2020-06-06.
  2. ^ Liu, Natalie (June 5, 2020). "Alliance of Free World Legislators Takes Aim at CCP-led China". Voice of America. Archived from the original on June 6, 2020. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
  3. ^ a b Gunia, Amy (June 5, 2020). "Lawmakers Form Global Coalition to Tackle China 'Challenge'". Time. Archived from the original on June 5, 2020. Retrieved 2020-06-06.
  4. ^ a b c d e Marlow, Iain (June 5, 2020). "Lawmakers in Eight Countries Form New Alliance to Counter China". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on June 5, 2020. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
  5. ^ Fisher, Lucy (June 5, 2020). "MPs from eight nations voice fears over China". The Times. Archived from the original on 2020-06-06. Retrieved 2020-06-06.
  6. ^ Bourke, Latika (2020-06-04). "MPs from eight countries form new global coalition to counter China". The Age. Archived from the original on 2020-06-05. Retrieved 2020-06-05.
  7. ^ a b Rogers, Benedict (2020-06-06). "Parliamentarians From Around the World Unite to Discuss the China Challenge". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on June 7, 2020. Retrieved 2020-06-06.
  8. ^ Eckert, Paul (2020-06-08). "Lawmakers Group Seeks Global Response to 'Defining Challenge' of China". Radio Free Asia. Archived from the original on 2020-06-08. Retrieved 2020-06-08.
  9. ^ Bourke, Latika (2020-09-09). "China is bullying Australia, says global coalition of MPs". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 2020-09-09. Retrieved 2020-09-09.
  10. ^ Daly, Adam (27 February 2021). "Oireachtas members join international alliance pushing for tougher stance on China". TheJournal.ie. Archived from the original on 2021-03-04. Retrieved 2021-03-24.
  11. ^ "Team Archive". Archived from the original on 2023-06-30. Retrieved 2023-06-26.
  12. ^ "Lawmakers in Eight Countries Form New Alliance to Counter China". Bloomberg.com. 2020-06-05. Archived from the original on 2020-06-05. Retrieved 2021-03-24.
  13. ^ a b "China cools Sweden business ties after minister awards prize to Gui Minhai". The Guardian. 2019-12-20. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 2020-03-20. Retrieved 2020-06-19.
  14. ^ a b "China refuses entry to German chair of human rights committee". Deutsche Welle. Archived from the original on 2018-09-21. Retrieved 2020-06-19.
  15. ^ a b "What are Irwin Cotler, Marco Rubio and Garnett Genuis doing in a new alliance? Aiming to take on China's influence". Today News Post. 2020-06-04. Archived from the original on 2021-05-20. Retrieved 2020-06-19.
  16. ^ Yang, Yuan (1 March 2023). "Belgium's cyber security agency links China to spear phishing attack on MP". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 29 July 2024. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
  17. ^ "How Sweden copes with Chinese bullying". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Archived from the original on 2020-04-22. Retrieved 2020-06-19.
  18. ^ "Interpreting China's 'Wolf-Warrior Diplomacy'". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 2020-06-19. Retrieved 2020-06-19.
  19. ^ a b c d Brennan, David (2020-06-05). "From U.S. to Japan, Lawmakers of Opposing Parties Unite Across World to End 'Naive' China Strategy". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 2020-06-17. Retrieved 2020-06-19.
  20. ^ "18 Western lawmakers form group to take 'tougher stance' on China". South China Morning Post. 2020-06-05. Archived from the original on 2020-06-16. Retrieved 2020-06-19.
  21. ^ Ip, Greg (2020-06-17). "A United Front on China Starts to Take Shape". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on 2020-06-17. Retrieved 2020-06-19.
  22. ^ "Canadian Lawmakers Join International Alliance to Counter Chinese Aggression". Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada. n.d. Archived from the original on 2021-01-18. Retrieved 2021-01-31.
  23. ^ "Hong Kong braces for fresh wave of protests over Beijing security laws". Australian Financial Review. 2020-05-24. Archived from the original on 2020-06-08. Retrieved 2020-06-19.
  24. ^ Hua, Sha (2020-06-12). "Global Coalition of Legislators Faces Challenges Countering China". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on 2020-06-17. Retrieved 2020-06-19.
  25. ^ a b "APT31: the Chinese hacking group behind global cyberespionage campaign". Reuters. March 26, 2024. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
  26. ^ a b "Seven Hackers Associated with Chinese Government Charged with Computer Intrusions Targeting Perceived Critics of China and U.S. Businesses and Politicians". United States Department of Justice. 2024-03-25. Archived from the original on 2024-03-25. Retrieved 2024-03-26.
  27. ^ Psaledakis, Daphne; Pearson, James (March 25, 2024). "US, UK accuse China over spy campaign that may have hit millions". Reuters. Retrieved March 25, 2024.
  28. ^ Hui, Sylvia (2024-03-25). "US and UK announce sanctions over China-linked hacks on election watchdog and lawmakers". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 2024-03-25. Retrieved 2024-03-25.
  29. ^ Kang, Dake (2024-07-28). "Lawmakers from 6 countries say Beijing is pressuring them not to attend conference in Taiwan". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 2024-07-29. Retrieved 2024-07-29.
  30. ^ Dahl, Jordyn (2024-07-28). "China pressures lawmakers from Slovakia, other countries to skip Taiwan summit". Politico Europe. Archived from the original on 2024-07-29. Retrieved 2024-07-29.
  31. ^ Chung, Lawrence (2024-07-29). "Taiwan hosts international anti-Chinese Communist Party coalition conference". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 2024-07-29. Retrieved 2024-07-29.
  32. ^ "Taiwan Strait expected to be focus of IPAC summit". Taipei Times. 2024-07-29. Archived from the original on 2024-07-29. Retrieved 2024-07-29.
  33. ^ Yang, William (2024-07-30). "Foreign lawmakers shine light on China tensions over Taiwan". Voice of America. Archived from the original on 2024-07-30. Retrieved 2024-07-30.
  34. ^ Chung, Jake (2024-07-31). "PRC distorts UN resolution: Lai". Taipei Times. Archived from the original on 2024-07-30. Retrieved 2024-07-30.
  35. ^ "Taiwan officially joins IPAC; DPP, TPP lawmakers to be co-chairs". Focus Taiwan. 2024-07-30. Archived from the original on 2024-07-31. Retrieved 2024-07-31.
  36. ^ Jörg Kronauer: Koordinierte Kampagne: Politprofis spielen Aktivisten Archived 2021-12-02 at the Wayback Machine junge Welt, 8 November 2021.
  37. ^ "The black, white and grey in defining the "rules-based order"". Lowy Institute. Archived from the original on 2020-06-14. Retrieved 2020-06-19.
  38. ^ "Recent developments surrounding the South China Sea". ABC News. Archived from the original on 2019-07-02. Retrieved 2020-06-19.
  39. ^ Alton, David (2020-01-31). "Op Ed from The Diplomat and Op Ed from the New York Post. Huawei, 5G, and the small matter of human rights. In Parliament I pressed the Secretary of State to say what consideration has been given to unbridled surveillance, mass imprisonment, relentless propaganda, slave labour, and egregious human rights violations, "which are too high a price to pay for subsidised technology that endangers our security, compromises British values, and a belief in human rights"". David Alton. Archived from the original on 2020-03-14. Retrieved 2020-06-19.
  40. ^ "Geschäft Ansehen". Federal Assembly. Archived from the original on 2021-05-20. Retrieved 2020-06-20.
  41. ^ Merritt, Chris (2009-04-26). "Chinese 'justice' faces UN scrutiny". The Australian. Archived from the original on 2021-05-20. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
  42. ^ Tolliver, Sandy (2020-06-17). "US takes steps to stop China's abuse of Uyghurs — as should other countries". The Hill. Archived from the original on 2020-06-18. Retrieved 2020-06-19.
  43. ^ Lacey, Simon (19 May 2020). "China used anti-dumping rules against us because what goes around comes around". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 2020-06-15. Retrieved 2020-06-19.
  44. ^ Hastie, Andrew (2020). "BREAKING THE CHINA SUPPLY CHAIN: HOW THE 'FIVE EYES' CAN DECOUPLE FROM STRATEGIC DEPENDENCY - RESPONSES" (PDF). Henry Jackson Society: 39. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-05-20. Retrieved 2020-06-19.
  45. ^ Shields, Bevan (2019-08-07). "'Like no other time in history': Australia facing unprecedented national security test". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 2020-06-12. Retrieved 2020-06-19.
  46. ^ "Defense Minster Nakatani: South China Sea Has An Effect on Japanese Security". United States Naval Institute. 2015-02-05. Archived from the original on 2020-04-20. Retrieved 2020-06-19.
  47. ^ Pearson, Alexander (2019-08-06). "China 'encroaching' on Germany's parliament: Green lawmaker". Deutsche Welle. Archived from the original on 2020-05-07. Retrieved 2020-06-19.
  48. ^ "China angry at dissident's Nobel". BBC News. 2010-10-08. Archived from the original on 2020-04-14. Retrieved 2020-06-19.
  49. ^ "China is infiltrating Australia on multiple fronts, from politics to business, via United Front". NewsComAu. 2020-06-10. Archived from the original on 2020-06-17. Retrieved 2020-06-19.
  50. ^ O’Keeffe, Kate (2020-06-08). "China Steps Up Moves to Influence Diaspora Communities". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on 2020-06-17. Retrieved 2020-06-19.
  51. ^ "Calls for UN probe of China forced birth control on Uighurs". The Associated Press. 1 July 2020. Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  52. ^ "Campaign: Treatment of predominantly Muslim minorities in Xinjiang". ipac.global. Archived from the original on 2020-07-13. Retrieved 2020-07-13.
  53. ^ "Cina, Europarlamento: "Contro uiguri è genocidio"". Adnkronos. Archived from the original on 2020-07-14. Retrieved 2020-07-13.
  54. ^ Radicale, Radio (2020-07-01). "Conferenza stampa dell'Alleanza Interparlamentare sulla Cina e del Global Committee for the Rule of Law "Marco Pannella"". Radio Radicale (in Italian). Archived from the original on 2020-07-04. Retrieved 2020-07-13.
  55. ^ "UK MPs cite India-China clash, demand review of dependence". Hindustan Times. 2020-07-01. Archived from the original on 2020-07-13. Retrieved 2020-07-13.
  56. ^ "Rubio, Menendez, McGovern, Smith Lead Bipartisan, Bicameral Letter on Chinese Government Atrocities in Xinjiang". U.S. Senator for Florida, Marco Rubio. 2 July 2020. Archived from the original on 2020-07-13. Retrieved 2020-07-13.
  57. ^ "UK sanctions perpetrators of gross human rights violations in Xinjiang, alongside EU, Canada and US". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 15 August 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
  58. ^ "Human rights violations in Xinjiang: Canada, UK and US joint statement". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
  59. ^ Emmott, Robin (24 November 2021). "EU extends human rights sanctions, including on Chinese officials". Reuters. Archived from the original on 29 April 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
  60. ^ "Campaign: Hong Kong". Inter-Parliamentary Alliance on China. Archived from the original on 2020-07-13. Retrieved 2020-07-13.
  61. ^ "US bill grants refugee status to Hong Kong protesters". Nikkei Asian Review. Archived from the original on 2020-07-13. Retrieved 2020-07-13.
  62. ^ Inter-Parliamentary Alliance on China [@ipacglobal] (2020-07-03). "Worth a read - featuring comment from #IPAC Australia Co-Chair @kimbakit https://t.co/2jGAMtMEAa" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 2020-09-09. Retrieved 2021-06-11 – via Twitter.
  63. ^ Lexmann, Miriam [@MiriamMLex] (2020-06-30). "WE #StandWithHongKong On the eve of #China's unilateral imposition of the so-called security law for #HongKong, Members of @Europarl_EN launch an informal EP Hong Kong Watch Group to work across political groups & together with political leaders from the democratic world https://t.co/wfxllD2Qym" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 2020-09-09. Retrieved 2021-06-11 – via Twitter.
  64. ^ "La Cina strangola Hong Kong, il governo Conte tace: al Senato il grido dell'Italia che non ci sta". ilmattino.it (in Italian). July 2020. Archived from the original on 2020-07-13. Retrieved 2020-07-13.
  65. ^ "「日本は香港人の移住先として対応を」国家安全法を受け、"犯罪者認定"覚悟で在日香港人たちが記者会見（ハフポスト日本版）". Yahoo!ニュース (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 2020-07-13. Retrieved 2020-07-13.
  66. ^ Inter-Parliamentary Alliance on China [@ipacglobal] (2020-07-01). "Meanwhile Lithuanian Co-Chair @DSakaliene reads #IPAC statement on #HongKong to the Lithuanian Parliament also representing fellow Co-Chair @Adomenas. #StandTogether https://t.co/PUIoZGKNhn" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 2020-09-09. Retrieved 2021-06-11 – via Twitter.
  67. ^ Inter-Parliamentary Alliance on China [@ipacglobal] (2020-07-01). "Next, UK Co-Chair @MPIainDS pushing the UK to review UK China relations: https://t.co/UmtAFBI1GM" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 2021-05-24. Retrieved 2021-06-11 – via Twitter.
  68. ^ "No Extradition to Hong Kong". ipac.global. Archived from the original on 2020-07-12. Retrieved 2020-07-13.
  69. ^ "Australia suspends Hong Kong extradition treaty". BBC News. 2020-07-09. Archived from the original on 2020-07-09. Retrieved 2020-07-13.
  70. ^ "Canada suspends its extradition treaty with Hong Kong, eyes immigration boost". CNBC. 2020-07-04. Archived from the original on 2020-07-13. Retrieved 2020-07-13.
  71. ^ "New Zealand revisiting extradition treaty with HK after passage of national security law". Taiwan News. 10 July 2020. Archived from the original on 2020-07-15. Retrieved 2020-07-13.
  72. ^ Duncan Smith, Iain (20 August 2020). "Drive with Dan Wootton". talkRADIO. Archived from the original on 22 September 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
  73. ^ Bagshaw, Eryk (2020-09-21). "Global push to strip Beijing of Winter Olympics". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 2020-09-22. Retrieved 2020-09-21.
  74. ^ "Prevalence of forced labor in the Tibetan Autonomous Region". ipac.global. 22 September 2020. Archived from the original on 2020-09-25. Retrieved 2020-09-30.
  75. ^ a b Bourke, Latika (2021-03-22). "Sanctions on Chinese officials over Uighur repression imposed by Britain, Canada, EU". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 2021-03-23. Retrieved 2021-03-24.
  76. ^ Sheridan, Danielle (2020-09-29). "Britain's trade relationship with China 'under threat' after MPs' Uighur genocide proposal". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2021-01-21. Retrieved 2021-01-16.
  77. ^ "MPs vote down amendment to bar trade deals with genocidal regimes by 318-300". inews.co.uk. 2021-03-22. Archived from the original on 2021-03-23. Retrieved 2021-03-24.
  78. ^ Bourke, Latika (2020-06-11). "China tortured detained British diplomat, says UK government". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 2020-06-12. Retrieved 2020-06-12.
  79. ^ "Introduction". Co-chairs of IPAC. Inter-Parliamentary Alliance on China. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  80. ^ "World at One - 05/06/2020 - BBC Sounds". bbc.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2020-06-06. Retrieved 2020-06-08.
  81. ^ a b "Team". ipac.global. Archived from the original on 2020-07-07. Retrieved 2020-07-13.
  82. ^ "Luke de Pulford". ipac.global. Archived from the original on 2020-06-12. Retrieved 2020-07-13.
  83. ^ "The Alliance". IPAC. Inter-Parliamentary Alliance on China. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  84. ^ "Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Geng Shuang's Regular Press Conference on June 5, 2020". Consulate-General of the People's Republic of China in Chicago. 5 June 2020. Archived from the original on 6 August 2020.
edit
Retrieved from "https://en.wiki.x.io/w/index.php?title=Inter-Parliamentary_Alliance_on_China&oldid=1263224113"