The Insular Government of Porto Rico[1] (Spanish: Gobierno Insular de Puerto Rico), known as the Insular Government of Puerto Rico[2][3][4] after May 17, 1932,[5] was an unincorporated and organized territory of the United States that was established when the Foraker Act became effective on April 12, 1900. The Insular Government was preceded by the Military Government of Porto Rico and was followed by the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.
Insular Government of Porto Rico Gobierno Insular de Puerto Rico (Spanish) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1900–1952 | |||||||||
.svg) Flag
(from 1912) .svg) Coat of arms
(1902–1905) | |||||||||
| Anthems: "Hail, Columbia" (until 1931) "The Star-Spangled Banner"(from 1931) | |||||||||
.svg) | |||||||||
| Status | Unincorporated and organized United States territory[a] | ||||||||
| Capital and largest city | San Juan | ||||||||
| Official languages | |||||||||
| Government | Devolved presidential dependency | ||||||||
| President | |||||||||
• 1900–1901 | William McKinley | ||||||||
• 1901–1909 | Theodore Roosevelt | ||||||||
• 1909–1913 | William Howard Taft | ||||||||
• 1913–1921 | Woodrow Wilson | ||||||||
• 1921–1923 | Warren G. Harding | ||||||||
• 1923–1929 | Calvin Coolidge | ||||||||
• 1929–1933 | Herbert Hoover | ||||||||
• 1933–1945 | Franklin D. Roosevelt | ||||||||
• 1945–1952 | Harry S. Truman | ||||||||
| Governor of Puerto Rico | |||||||||
• 1900–1901 | Charles Herbert Allen | ||||||||
• 1949–1952 | Luis Muñoz Marín | ||||||||
| Legislature | Legislative Assembly | ||||||||
| Senate | |||||||||
| House of Representatives | |||||||||
| History | |||||||||
| April 12, 1900 | |||||||||
| March 2, 1917 | |||||||||
| July 3, 1950 | |||||||||
| June 4, 1951 | |||||||||
| March 3, 1952 | |||||||||
| July 25, 1952 | |||||||||
| Drives on | Right | ||||||||
| ISO 3166 code | PR | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Background
editThe term "insular" refers to the fact that the government operated under the authority of the Bureau of Insular Affairs. The Philippines also had an insular government at this time. From 1901 to 1922, the U.S. Supreme Court wrestled with the constitutional status of these governments in the Insular Cases.[6]
The Foraker Act was superseded on March 2, 1917, by the Jones–Shafroth Act, which granted U.S. citizenship to anyone born in Puerto Rico on or after April 11, 1899. On July 25, 1952, Puerto Rico became a commonwealth after the ratification of the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.[7]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "leyes de puerto rico" (PDF). Biblioteca Virtual de OGP. Retrieved January 1, 2024.
- ^ "Leyes de Puerto Rico" (PDF). Biblioteca Virtual de OGP. Retrieved January 1, 2024.
- ^ "Ley Núm. 43 de 16 de Abril de 1952" (PDF). Biblioteca Virtual de OGP. Retrieved January 1, 2024.
- ^ "EXECUTIVE ORDER 10184". Truman Library. Retrieved January 1, 2024.
- ^ "Puerto Rico From and after May 17, 1932" (PDF). GovInfo. Retrieved January 1, 2024.
- ^ "Insular Cases," Dictionary of American History, 2003.
- ^ "TODAY PUERTO RICO IS COMMONWEALTH". The New York Times. July 25, 1952.
Notes
edit- ^ Puerto Rico belongs to, but is not a part of, the United States. See the page for the Insular Cases for more information.