Wikipedia

Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor

In this Malay name, there is no surname or family name. The name Iskandar is a patronymic, and the person should be referred to by their given name, Ibrahim. The word "ibni" means 'son of'.

Ibrahim ibni Iskandar (Jawi: إبراهيم ابن إسکندر; born 22 November 1958) is King of Malaysia and the fifth Sultan of modern Johor.

Ibrahim
إبراهيم
Ibrahim in 2019
Yang di-Pertuan Agong XVII
Reign31 January 2024 – present
Installation20 July 2024
PredecessorAbdullah
DeputyNazrin Shah
Sultan of Johor
Reign23 January 2010 – present
Coronation23 March 2015
PredecessorIskandar
Heir apparentTunku Ismail
Born (1958-11-22) 22 November 1958 (age 66)
Sultanah Aminah Hospital, Johor Bahru, Johor, Federation of Malaya
Spouse
​
(m. 1982)​
Issue
Names
Tunku Ibrahim Ismail ibni Tunku Mahmood Iskandar
Regnal name
Sultan Ibrahim ibni Almarhum Sultan Iskandar
HouseTemenggong
FatherSultan Iskandar
MotherEnche’ Besar Hajah Khalsom (née Josephine Ruby Trevorrow)
ReligionSunni Islam
Military career
Allegiance Malaysia
Johor
Service / branch Malaysian Army
Royal Johor Military Force
Years of service1977–present
(active service)
Rank Field marshal
Admiral of the Fleet
Marshal of the Air Force
(Commander-in-chief)
Commandant (JMF) Honorary Commissioner-in-Chief (Royal Malaysia Police)
UnitJohor Military Forces

Ibrahim was born during the reign of his great-grandfather, Sultan Sir Ibrahim, and became heir apparent when his father, Sultan Iskandar, acceded to the throne of Johor in 1981. He was created Crown Prince of Johor on 3 July 1981. He was educated at Trinity Grammar School in Australia. In 1982, he married Raja Zarith Sofiah. They had six children, notably Ismail Idris and Aminah Maimunah Iskandariah.

Ibrahim became Sultan of Johor upon his father's death in 2010.

On 31 January 2024, Ibrahim was sworn in as the 17th King of Malaysia,[1] having been elected to a five-year term on 27 October 2023.[2][3] Significant events in his reign have included his installation in July 2024.[4]

Early life

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Tunku Ibrahim was born on 22 November 1958 at the Sultanah Aminah Hospital, Johor Bahru, during the reign of his great-grandfather, Sultan Ibrahim of Johor. He was the third child and eldest son of Sultan Iskandar by his first wife, Josephine Ruby Trevorrow, an English woman from Torquay.[5][6][7][8] Trevorrow, a proprietor by profession, temporarily took on the name Khalsom binti Abdullah following her marriage to Iskandar. Ibrahim's mother later remarried and returned to England.[9] Ibrahim's great-grandfather died in London on 8 May 1959. Thus, Ibrahim's grandfather, Ismail, became Sultan of Johor.

Heir apparent

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Ibrahim moved up to second in line to the throne, after his father. His father sent him to complete his secondary education at Trinity Grammar School in Sydney, from 1968 until 1970. After finishing high school, he was sent to the Army Training Centre (PULADA) in Kota Tinggi for basic military training. He also received military training in the United States, at Fort Benning, Georgia, and later at Fort Bragg, North Carolina.[10]

Ibrahim was appointed as the Crown Prince of Johor on 3 July 1981,[10] and has primarily resided at the Istana Pasir Pelangi since then.[11][12] He served as the regent of Johor between 26 April 1984 and 25 April 1989 when his father served his term as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong.[10] In recent years, Ibrahim gradually took over some state duties and functions from his aging father.[13] These included the 211th Conference of Rulers, where Ibrahim and Abdullah, the Crown Prince of Pahang, represented their fathers in the meetings,[14] among other state functions.[15]

Shortly before Filipino opposition politician Ninoy Aquino was assassinated at Manila International Airport on 21 August 1983, Ibrahim met Aquino upon his arrival in Singapore and later brought him to meet other Malaysian leaders across the Johor–Singapore Causeway.[16] Once in Johor, Aquino also met with Ibrahim's father, Iskandar, who was a close friend.[17]

Reign

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Early reign as Regent

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A few hours before his father's death on 22 January 2010, Tunku Ibrahim was appointed as the Regent of Johor, following medical reports that suggested Sultan Iskandar's impending death.[18] Sultan Iskandar died on the same night, and Tunku Ibrahim was installed as the Sultan of Johor the following morning.[19] The Menteri Besar (Chief Minister) of Johor, Abdul Ghani Othman cited that Sultan Ibrahim and immediate members of the royal family would undertake a mourning period of 40 days.[20] During the mourning season, Sultan Ibrahim made his inaugural presence at the Conference of Rulers in February 2010 as the Sultan of Johor.[21]

On 30 June 2011, Sultan Ibrahim drove the last train from Tanjong Pagar railway station, having received tuition from Chief Locomotive Inspector Hasnol Azahari Aman of Keretapi Tanah Melayu to enable him to do this. He stated that he wished to do this as his grandfather, Sultan Ismail, had opened the causeway between Singapore and Malaya in 1923, and that it was appropriate for him to drive the last train out of the station.[22]

Sultan Ibrahim also declared Muar as Johor's new royal capital, replacing Johor Bahru, on 5 February 2012. This coincided with the Maulidur Rasul celebrations.[23]

Sultan Ibrahim became the first ruler of Johor to celebrate his birthday celebration in Muar on 22 November 2012. He picked the town because it was "rich in history and tradition besides being peaceful, beautiful and progressive". He wanted the state government to gazette all the old buildings in the town as a state heritage. He also wants the local authorities to preserve the cleanliness of the Muar River which could be done by relocating the bus and taxi terminals elsewhere.[24]

Johor, as with the former Unfederated Malay States of Perlis, Kedah, Kelantan and Terengganu, used to rest on Fridays and Saturdays, in contrast with the former Federated Malay States as well as Malacca, Penang, Sabah and Sarawak and the Federal Territory which observe their weekends on Saturdays and Sundays. Johor, together with Perlis, moved their weekend to Saturday and Sunday on 1 January 1994 to synchronise with neighboring Singapore as well as with Kuala Lumpur, as Johor by then was a quickly industrialising state.

However, on 22 November 2013, on Sultan Ibrahim's birthday celebrations, he decreed that Johor would move its weekend back to Friday and Saturday, to enable Muslims in the state to attend their Friday prayers, effective 1 January 2014. This move was not without controversy due to the disruptions it caused, particularly for private businesses dealing with Singapore. The private sector nevertheless continues to rest on Saturdays and Sundays.[25]

As Sultan of Johor

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Monument in Mersing commemorating Ibrahim's coronation as Sultan of Johor

Sultan Ibrahim was crowned as the Sultan of Johor on 23 March 2015.[26] The last coronation was that of his grandfather Sultan Ismail on 10 February 1960.[27] From 2015 onwards, 23 March was made an annual state public holiday as the Sultan's official birthday, replacing the public holiday on 22 November, the Sultan's actual birthday.[28]

In August 2015, Sultan Ibrahim decreed that the name of Kulaijaya district be reverted to its former name of Kulai.[29] He also decreed Nusajaya to be renamed to Iskandar Puteri, as well as renaming Ledang District to Tangkak District.[30][31][32]

Sultan Ibrahim issued a decree banning vaping in Johor effective 1 January 2016. The purposes of the ban was for the sake of the health of the residents of Johor. Kelantan and Terengganu followed soon after.[33]

In January 2016, Sultan Ibrahim decreed that signboards for businesses must not exceed 6.1 m × 1.2 m (20 ft × 4 ft), to prevent any dangers to the public as well as to reduce unsightly signboards.[34]

Sultan Johor is noted for advocating religious moderation and has criticised the creeping Arabisation of Malaysian Muslim culture.[35] Despite being the only sultan in Malaysia without tertiary (post-secondary) education, he has promoted quality education for Johor.

On 6 January 2024, Sultan Ibrahim decreed that he would not grant any audiences until he ascended to the throne as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong on 31 January 2024. He would not accept any appointments except for the previously scheduled events and the weekly audiences with the Menteri Besar and the state government of Johor as he wanted to spend his remaining time before the ascension with the royal family.[36]

As King of Malaysia

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On 27 October 2023, the Conference of Rulers elected Sultan Ibrahim as the 17th Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King of Malaysia), replacing Sultan Abdullah of Pahang.[3][37] During this time, the Conference of Rulers also elected Sultan Nazrin Shah of Perak to a third term as the Deputy Yang di-Pertuan Agong.[38]

His official swearing in and possession of the Istana Negara occurred on 31 January 2024.[1]

The Ceremonial Installation of Sultan Ibrahim as the 17th Yang di-Pertuan Agong took place at the Throne Hall of the Istana Negara on 20 July 2024, a few months after his assumption of the throne.[39] The installation featured traditional Malay rites, ceremonial cannon fire, and was attended by various national dignitaries.[40]

Controversies

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Allegations of criminal misconduct

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Occasional reports of alleged criminal misconduct from the 1980s onwards marred Tunku Ibrahim's reputation somewhat, albeit to a much lesser extent than his father, Sultan Iskandar, whose past crimes had received considerable attention from mainstream media.[41] In the 1980s, he was convicted of shooting a man dead in a nightclub during a feud, but was quickly pardoned.[42][43]

In late 1992 to early 1993, Tunku Ibrahim also experienced fallout from the Gomez Incident– in which his father and younger brother, Tunku Abdul Majid were accused of two separate but related incidences of assault which provoked nationwide moral outrage and ultimately resulted in constitutional amendments to allow members of royalty to be prosecuted for criminal wrongdoing. During that period of time, the press, which was supported by the Malaysian government, launched a series of press reports on the history of alleged incidents of royal wrongdoings,[44] of which parliamentarians highlighted that Tunku Ibrahim had been accused in at least two cases of assault in the 1980s.[45] This included Rahim Mohd Nor, who was allegedly assaulted by Tunku Ibrahim and who described his assault experience as an act of sadism by Tunku Ibrahim.[46]

In March 2005, a member of the Malaysian royalty allegedly assaulted a young woman by the name of Yasmin whom he accused of two-timing him with another policeman.[47] The victim's father, Mohd Yasin, later lodged a police report which alleged that the assault culprit was Tunku Ibrahim, the then Tunku Mahkota of Johor.[48]

Other incidents

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In October 2005, a brawl occurred on Pulau Rawa after a Johor prince allegedly gatecrashed a wedding party. The prince ordered some guests off the island after a fight broke out when a woman refused to dance with one of the gatecrashers. The locals, who felt offended by the woman's attitude, went off but soon returned with golf clubs and weapons and started a fight. In the process, several people were injured and sent to hospital, while five others were arrested, including a 20-year-old prince from the Johor royal family. The names of the culprits were not released by the police, who chose to retain the confidentiality of the attackers.[49] The Tunku Mahkota issued a press statement to urge the culprits to apologise to the affected guests.[50]

The following June, press reports leaked that Tunku Ibrahim had chalked RM26,700 worth of unpaid traffic fines since 2000, causing much embarrassment to the crown prince.[51][52] A later report quoted him settling all the past fines with the traffic police.[53]

Tunku Ibrahim also spent lavishly on an unusual car plate numbers. For example, in May 2012, he spent RM520,000 in a successful bid for the car number plate WWW 1[54] for his red orange Satria Neo.[55][56] In January 2014, he spent a record breaking RM748,000 on the car plate number W1N for[57] his blue Suprima S.[58] In July 2016, he also spent a record breaking RM836,660 on the car plate number F1 for his ruby red Proton Perdana.[59] He continued to break records by securing the FF1 number plate for RM1.2 million and GOLD1 number plate for RM1.5 million.[60]

Other activities

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Business

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Although given a monthly allowance of RM27,000,[61] Sultan Ibrahim had done some business dealings such as

  • Investment in Redtone (20% equity)[62]
  • Investment in MOL AccessPortal (15% equity)[63]
  • Investment in RedTone International (20% equity)[64]
  • Investment in 7Eleven Malaysia (8.5% equity)[65]
  • Investment in Berjaya Assets[66]
  • Investment in Umobile (15% equity)[67]
  • Investment in Berjaya Time Square (20% equity)[68]
  • Sold 116 acres of prime seafront land in Johor Bahru (previously converted from State land to Sultanate land, formerly the southbound heavy vehicle and passenger vehicle separate border crossings from Malaysia to Singapore, before the Johor–Singapore Causeway) and coastal reclamation rights, to Guangzhou R&F for MYR 4.5 billion[69]
  • Benalec Holdings reclamation sites in Pengarang
  • Tanjung Piai for petroleum facilities and a maritime industrial park
  • Country Garden's reclamation of 4 islands off Tanjung Kupang for the Forest City megaproject (expected size of 3,425 acres, adjacent to the Malaysia–Singapore Second Link), of which Sultan Ibrahim has 64.4% equity in Esplanade Danga 88 Sdn Bhd, which in turn has 34% equity in the joint-venture company Country Garden Pacific View (CGPV) Sdn Bhd.[70]

Cooking

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Sultan Ibrahim is known for his culinary skills and his ability to prepare a variety of dishes. On 26 October 2024, he cooked Japanese curry for his officers.[71]

Sports

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Sultan Ibrahim has keen interest in sports, especially polo, which has led him to participate in various tournaments up to the international level. He is also interested in tennis, water surfing, shooting, driving sports cars, and parachuting.[72]

A motorcycle enthusiast, Sultan Ibrahim is the founder of the annual motorcycling tour event Kembara Mahkota Johor.[73]

Titles and styles

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Styles of
Sultan Ibrahim
 
Reference styleHis Majesty
Spoken styleYour Majesty
Alternative styleTuanku

As a Sultan of Johor, Sultan Ibrahim's full title and style in Malay: Duli Yang Maha Mulia Sultan Ibrahim Ibni Almarhum Sultan Iskandar, D.K. (Johor), D.K. (Perak), D.K. (Kelantan), D.K. (Perlis), D.K. (Selangor), D.K. (Negeri Sembilan), D.K. (Terengganu), D.K.M.B. (Brunei), S.P.M.J, S.S.I.J, S.P.M.T, S.M.N, S.P.M.K, S.P.M.P, P.I.S, Sultan Yang Dipertuan Bagi Negeri dan Jajahan Takluk Johor Darul Ta’zim.[74]

while in English: His Majesty Sultan Ibrahim Ibni Almarhum Sultan Iskandar, D.K. (Johor), D.K. (Perak), D.K. (Kelantan), D.K. (Perlis), D.K. (Selangor), D.K. (Negeri Sembilan), D.K. (Terengganu), D.K.M.B. (Brunei), S.P.M.J, S.S.I.J, S.P.M.T, S.M.N, S.P.M.K, S.P.M.P, P.I.S, The Sultan and Sovereign Ruler of the State of Johor, The Abode of Dignity and its dependencies.[75]

During his tenure as Yang di-Pertuan Agong (2024–present), Sultan Ibrahim's full title and style in Malay is: Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Seri Paduka Baginda Yang di-Pertuan Agong Sultan Ibrahim[76] while in English: His Majesty Sultan Ibrahim, King of Malaysia[77] or simply His Majesty The King of Malaysia[78]

Issue

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See also: Line of succession to the Malaysian throne
Name Birth Marriage Children Ref
Date Spouse
Tunku Ismail Idris (1984-06-30) 30 June 1984 (age 40) 24 October 2014 Khaleeda Bustamam 4, including Tunku Iskandar Abdul Jalil Abu Bakar Ibrahim [79]
Tunku Tun Aminah Maimunah Iskandariah (1986-04-08) 8 April 1986 (age 38) 14 August 2017 Dennis Muhammad Abdullah 2, including Layla Sofiah [80]
Tunku Idris Iskandar (1987-12-25) 25 December 1987 (age 36) [81][82]
Tunku Abdul Jalil (1990-07-05)5 July 1990 – 5 December 2015(2015-12-05) (aged 25) [83]
Tunku Abdul Rahman Hassanal Jefri (1993-02-05) 5 February 1993 (age 31) [84][83]
Tunku Abu Bakar (2001-05-30) 30 May 2001 (age 23) [83]

Honours

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See also: List of honours of the Johor Royal Family by country

Johor honours

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Honours of Malaysia

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Foreign honours

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Honorary doctorate

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Ancestry

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Notes

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  1. ^ a b "65-Year Old Sultan Ibrahim Assumes the Throne as Malaysia's New King". Lokmat Times. Archived from the original on 31 January 2024. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
  2. ^ "Malaysia picks powerful ruler of Johor state as country's new king under rotation system". AP News. 27 October 2023. Archived from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  3. ^ a b "Sultan Ibrahim of Johor to be appointed Malaysia's king, 34 years after his father's reign". Channel News Asia. 27 October 2023. Archived from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  4. ^ "Malaysia celebrates Sultan Ibrahim's coronation as 17th king". South China Morning Post. 20 July 2024. Retrieved 5 October 2024.
  5. ^ Facts on File Yearbook, Published by Facts on File, inc., 1957, Phrase: "Married: Prince Tengku Mahmud, 24, grandson of the Sultan of Johore, & Josephine Ruby Trevorrow, 21, daughter of an English textile..."
  6. ^ Morris (1958), pg 244
  7. ^ Information Malaysia: 1985
  8. ^ The International Who's Who 2004, pp. 827
  9. ^ Morais (1967), pg 198
  10. ^ a b c Karim, Tate (1989), pp. 572
  11. ^ Magnificent abode for royalsArchived 5 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Fauziah Ismail, JohorBuzz, New Straits Times
  12. ^ Day of fun and feasting, TEH ENG HOCK and MEERA VIJAYAN, 15 October 2007, The Star
  13. ^ Thanam Visvanathan, Ruler with deep concern for people–Sultan Iskandar revered as protective guardian and helpful to all his subjects, pg 1, 8 April 2001, New Sunday Times Special (Sultan of Johor's Birthday)
  14. ^ Conference of Rulers meeting begins, 26 July 2007, The Star
  15. ^ Official Launching and Opening Ceremony of the APH Multi Purpose Complex Fabrication and Supply Base – 12th June 2008 Archived 22 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Press Release, KIC Group of companies
  16. ^ AQUINO'S FINAL JOURNEY, Ken Kashiwahara, 16 October 1983, The New York Times
  17. ^ Towards Relevant Education: A General Sourcebook for Teachers (1986), Education Forum, pg 305
  18. ^ Tunku Mahkota Johor Appointed Regent Effective Today Archived 4 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine, 22 January 2010, Bernama
  19. ^ Tunku Ibrahim Ismail Proclaimed As Sultan Of Johor Archived 26 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine 22 January 2010, Bernama
  20. ^ Sultan of Johor dies Archived 26 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine, 23 January 2010, Teo Cheng Wee, The Straits Times
  21. ^ Conference of Rulers meets today, 10 February 2010, The Star (Malaysia)
  22. ^ "Why I drove the last train out". Straits Times. 1 July 2011. Archived from the original on 4 July 2011. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
  23. ^ ABDULLAH, HAMDAN RAJA (25 November 2012). "Muar declared as royal town of Johor". The Star. Archived from the original on 1 February 2024. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
  24. ^ RAJA ABDULLAH, HAMDAN (22 November 2012). "Johor Ruler wants old buildings in Muar gazetted". thestar.com.my. Archived from the original on 19 February 2013. Retrieved 22 November 2012.
  25. ^ "Johor's Friday-Saturday weekend – good and bad". Malaysiakini. 25 November 2013. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
  26. ^ "Coronation of Johor Sultan". The Star. Malaysia. 23 March 2015. Archived from the original on 25 March 2015. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
  27. ^ Ismail, Fauziah (17 August 2012). "Ruler close to the people's heart". New Straits Times. Archived from the original on 21 August 2012. Retrieved 6 December 2012.
  28. ^ "Johor declares March 23 public holiday replacing Nov 22". The Star. Malaysia. 19 March 2015. Archived from the original on 25 May 2015. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
  29. ^ "Johor Sultan decrees Kulaijaya revert to Kulai name | The Star". www.thestar.com.my.
  30. ^ "Johor's administrative capital Nusajaya to be renamed Iskandar Puteri". Straits Times. 7 December 2015. Archived from the original on 22 July 2017. Retrieved 24 July 2016.
  31. ^ Zazali Musa (7 December 2015). "Nusajaya to be renamed Iskandar Puteri". The Star Online. Archived from the original on 17 June 2019. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  32. ^ Ben Tan (7 December 2015). "Name changes for Johor districts". The Rakyat Post. Archived from the original on 27 December 2015. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  33. ^ "Sultan to ban vape shops in Johor from Jan 1, AsiaOne Asia News". news.asiaone.com. Archived from the original on 2 December 2015. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
  34. ^ Kim, Chuah Bee (2 January 2016). "No oversized signboards in JB [VIDEO] | New Straits Times". NST Online. Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  35. ^ "Malaysian democrats pin their hopes on the country's royals". The Economist. 28 January 2017. Archived from the original on 4 February 2017. Retrieved 29 January 2017.
  36. ^ "Johor's Sultan Ibrahim no longer granting audiences until Jan 31". The Star. 6 January 2024. Archived from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  37. ^ "Malaysian sultans choose new king in unique rotational monarchy". Al Jazeera. 27 October 2023. Archived from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  38. ^ "Johor Ruler Sultan Ibrahim is new Agong for five years from January 31, 2024; Perak's Sultan Nazrin named as deputy". Malay Mail. 27 October 2023. Archived from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  39. ^ BERNAMA (20 July 2024). "INSTALLATION CEREMONY: CABINET MEMBERS CONGRATULATE HIS MAJESTY SULTAN IBRAHIM". BERNAMA. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
  40. ^ "Malaysia honors a new king in coronation marked by pomp and cannon fire". Associated Press. 20 July 2024. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  41. ^ Kershaw (2001), pg 111
  42. ^ Ledesma, Lewis, Savage (2003), pg 366
  43. ^ Malaysia Prepares To Strip Sultans Of Their Immunity Archived 30 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Michael Richardson, 15 December 1992, International Herald Tribune
  44. ^ Monarchy in South-East Asia: The Faces of Tradition in Transition, Kershaw, pg 110-1
  45. ^ "List of criminal acts done by the Johor Sultan" (PDF). New Straits Times. 20 January 1993. p. 4. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 September 2018. Retrieved 23 September 2009.
  46. ^ Tengku Mahkota 'Sadistic': Rahim", Berita Harian, 3 February 1993
  47. ^ Prince probed for assaulting woman friend, 25 March 2007, The Star
  48. ^ Kerabat diraja disiasat kes pukol kekasih Archived 5 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine Fathi Aris Omar, 24 March 2007, mStar Archived 23 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  49. ^ Johor royal gatecrashes wedding Jonathan Kent, 18 October 2005, BBC news
  50. ^ SAY SORRY–It shouldn't have happened, says Tunku Mahkota, pp 1–3, Aishah Ali, 23 October 2005, New Straits Times
  51. ^ Another VIP with outstanding traffic fines Archived 29 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine 20 June 2006, Malaysiakini
  52. ^ 又一名大人物没缴还交通传票 Archived 12 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine 20 June 2006, Malaysiakini (Chinese)
  53. ^ Tunku Ibrahim settles fines Archived 7 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine 21 June 2006, Malaysiakini
  54. ^ "Johor sultan clinches WWW1 plate at RM0.5mil". Archived from the original on 20 February 2014. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
  55. ^ "JOHOR SULTAN'S WWW1 FITTED ON SATRIA NEO". Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
  56. ^ "Johor Sultan unveils car with WWW 1 number plate". Archived from the original on 20 February 2014. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
  57. ^ "Sultan of Johor wins 'W1N' plate". Archived from the original on 25 January 2014. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
  58. ^ "JOHOR SULTAN PAYS RM748,000 FOR W1N NUMBER PLATE". Archived from the original on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
  59. ^ Othman, Ahmad Fairuz (3 July 2016). "Sultan Johor fastens F1 plate on Proton Perdana, takes it for a spin | New Straits Times". NST Online. Archived from the original on 1 September 2021. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
  60. ^ "Sultan Ibrahim secures 'GOLD 1' number plate with record-breaking RM1.5 million bid". New Straits Times. 20 February 2024. Retrieved 11 September 2024.
  61. ^ "10 things to know about the Sultan of Johor". The Straits Times. 20 March 2015. Archived from the original on 5 May 2021. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  62. ^ "Johor Sultan ups stake in REDtone | The Star". www.thestar.com.my. Archived from the original on 7 May 2022. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  63. ^ "Tech in Asia – Connecting Asia's startup ecosystem". www.techinasia.com. Archived from the original on 30 June 2016. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  64. ^ "Malaysia's Sultan of Johor becomes top shareholder in Redtone International". Reuters. 17 March 2015. Archived from the original on 16 May 2021. Retrieved 13 March 2021 – via www.reuters.com.
  65. ^ "Johor Sultan becomes 7-Eleven M'sia's 2nd largest individual shareholder | The Star". www.thestar.com.my. Archived from the original on 20 June 2021. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  66. ^ "Johor Sultan surfaces as BAssets substantial shareholder". The Edge Markets. 2 October 2017. Archived from the original on 16 October 2017. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
  67. ^ "Johor Sultan raises stake in U Mobile – the Rakyat Post – the Rakyat Post". Archived from the original on 21 February 2016. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  68. ^ "Johor Sultan buying stake for RM250m cash in Berjaya Times Square | The Star". www.thestar.com.my. Archived from the original on 7 May 2022. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  69. ^ "Sultan of Johor's RM4.5 bil backlash?". 10 June 2014. Archived from the original on 2 April 2016. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  70. ^ Aw, Nigel (18 July 2014). "Royal businesses – who is Daing A Malek?". Malaysiakini. Archived from the original on 14 June 2016. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  71. ^ His Majesty the King cooks Japanese curry for his officers, 26 October 2024, The Star
  72. ^ Raja Kita Exhibition, Gallery 2 – Biography of Sultan Ibrahim, 17th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia
  73. ^ Tunku Mahkota to lead tour for 10th year, 16 July 2008, The Star
  74. ^ Mohd Fahmi Mohd Yusof "Gelaran dalam bahasa Malaysia 'Duli Yang Maha Mulia' bagi Sultan dan Permaisuri Johor, dikekalkan" (in Malay). Berita Harian. 5 September 2017. Archived from the original on 20 December 2023. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
  75. ^ (5 September 2017). Sultan Ibrahim had also consented to Raja Zarith Sofiah Binti Almarhum Sultan Idris Shah, Permaisuri Johor to be addressed as "Her Majesty" Archived 16 December 2023 at the Wayback Machine. The Straits Times.
  76. ^ "Setiausaha Sulit Kanan kepada Yang di-Pertuan Agong memaklumkan penggunaan nama rasmi bagi Yang di-Pertuan Agong ialah Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Seri Paduka Baginda Yang di-Pertuan Agong Sultan Ibrahim " (in Malay). Harian Metro. 31 January 2024. Archived from the original on 31 January 2024. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
  77. ^ "It's "His Majesty Sultan Ibrahim King of Malaysia"". Bernama. New Straits Times. 31 January 2024. Archived from the original on 31 January 2024. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
  78. ^ Azmi, Hadi [@amerhadiazmi] (31 January 2024). "According to Istana Negara, the Agong and Raja Permaisuri Agong are to be officially referred to as King and Queen of Malaysia. Foreign press has often referred to the positions as such for the benefit of our foreign audience, but I think this is first time it's made official?" (Tweet). Retrieved 31 January 2024 – via Twitter.
  79. ^ Tunku Mahkota’s son named Raja Muda of Johor, The Star online, Star Publications, 9 April 2006.
  80. ^ Raja Zarith Sofiah is new Pro-Chancellor, 16 Mar 2003, New Sunday Times; pg 2, Section: Nation
  81. ^ Royals visit special people[permanent dead link‍], JohorBuzz, New Straits Times
  82. ^ "Tunku Temenggong Johor appointed as regent". New Straits Times. Bernama. 29 September 2012. Archived from the original on 29 September 2012. Retrieved 29 September 2012.
  83. ^ a b c "Johor Ruler honours his children". thestar.com.my. 22 November 2012. Archived from the original on 19 February 2013. Retrieved 22 November 2012.
  84. ^ Impian puteri raja Archived 22 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine, AZIMI MUSTAPHA, Rencana Utama, 13 November 2008, KOSMO!
  85. ^ See photo
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References

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  • Ali, Abdullah, Malaysian Protocol and Correct Forms of Address, published by Times Books International, 1986, ISBN 9971-65-370-2
  • Cheong, Mei Sui, Information Malaysia: 1985 Year Book,published by Berita Publishing, 1985
  • De Ledesma, Charles; Lewis, Mark; Savage, Pauline, Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei, published by Rough Guides, 2003, ISBN 1-84353-094-5
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  • Kershaw, Roger, Monarchy in South-East Asia: The Faces of Tradition in Transition, published by Routledge, 2001, ISBN 0-415-18531-9
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  • Nadarajah, Nesalamar, Johore and the Origins of British Control, 1895–1914, published by Arenabuku, 2000, ISBN 967-970-318-5
  • Rahman, Abdul; Solomon, J. S., Challenging Times, published by Pelanduk Publications, 1985, ISBN 967-978-094-5
  • The International Who's Who 2004: Book with Single-User Online Access, by Elizabeth Sleeman, published by Europa Publications, Published by Routledge, 2003, ISBN 1-85743-217-7
  • Towards Relevant Education: A General Sourcebook for Teachers, published by Education Forum (Philippines), Alternative Instructional Materials Project, Education Forum, 1986, ISBN 971-91006-0-5
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Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor
Johor Royal Family
Born: 1958
Regnal titles
Preceded by Sultan of Johor
2010–present 		Incumbent
Heir apparent:
Tunku Ismail Idris
Preceded by Yang di-Pertuan Agong
2024–present 		Incumbent
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