IFNB1

Interferon beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IFNB1 gene. The natural and recombinant protein forms have antiviral, antibacterial, and anticancer properties.

IFNB1
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1AU1
Identifiers
Aliases	IFNB1, IFB, IFF, IFNB, IFN-beta, interferon beta 1
External IDs	OMIM: 147640; MGI: 107657; HomoloGene: 1640; GeneCards: IFNB1; OMA:IFNB1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 9 (human) Band 9p21.3 Start 21,077,104 bp End 21,077,942 bp
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 4 (mouse) Band 4 C4|4 41.91 cM Start 88,440,262 bp End 88,441,011 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in gonad bone granulocyte epithelium of colon bone marrow islet of Langerhans upper lobe of lung upper lobe of left lung left lobe of thyroid gland Top expressed in sternocleidomastoid muscle triceps brachii muscle temporal muscle digastric muscle artery skin of abdomen carotid body More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function cytokine activity cytokine receptor binding chloramphenicol O-acetyltransferase activity type I interferon receptor binding Cellular component extracellular space extracellular region Biological process positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT protein blood coagulation B cell differentiation cellular response to interferon-beta regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process negative regulation of viral genome replication natural killer cell activation B cell activation involved in immune response positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway cell surface receptor signaling pathway natural killer cell activation involved in immune response response to exogenous dsRNA response to virus T cell activation involved in immune response positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II defense response negative regulation of T cell differentiation positive regulation of innate immune response cellular response to exogenous dsRNA negative regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production defense response to virus type I interferon signaling pathway regulation of signaling receptor activity humoral immune response B cell proliferation adaptive immune response cytokine-mediated signaling pathway Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 3456 15977 Ensembl ENSG00000171855 ENSMUSG00000048806 UniProt P01574 P01575 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_002176 NM_010510 RefSeq (protein) NP_002167 NP_034640 Location (UCSC) Chr 9: 21.08 – 21.08 Mb Chr 4: 88.44 – 88.44 Mb PubMed search
Wikidata
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Interferon beta 1a (tradenames: Avonex and Rebif) and Interferon beta 1b (tradenames: Betaseron/Betaferon) are used as drugs.

Further reading

• Biron CA, Nguyen KB, Pien GC (2002). "Innate Immune Responses to LCMV Infections: Natural Killer Cells and Cytokines". Arenaviruses II. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol. 263. pp. 7–27. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-56055-2_2. ISBN 978-3-642-62724-8. PMID 11987821.
• Conti L, Fantuzzi L, Del Cornò M, et al. (2005). "Immunomodulatory effects of the HIV-1 gp120 protein on antigen presenting cells: implications for AIDS pathogenesis". Immunobiology. 209 (1–2): 99–115. doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2004.02.008. PMID 15481145.
• Bekisz J, Schmeisser H, Hernandez J, et al. (2005). "Human interferons alpha, beta and omega". Growth Factors. 22 (4): 243–51. doi:10.1080/08977190400000833. PMID 15621727. S2CID 84918367.
• Copeland KF (2006). "Modulation of HIV-1 transcription by cytokines and chemokines". Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry. 5 (12): 1093–101. doi:10.2174/138955705774933383. PMID 16375755.
• Silverman RH, Sengupta DN (1991). "Translational regulation by HIV leader RNA, TAT, and interferon-inducible enzymes". J. Exp. Pathol. 5 (2): 69–77. PMID 1708818.
• Flores I, Mariano TM, Pestka S (1991). "Human interferon omega (omega) binds to the alpha/beta receptor". J. Biol. Chem. 266 (30): 19875–7. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)54862-6. PMID 1834641.
• May LT, Sehgal PB (1985). "On the relationship between human interferon alpha 1 and beta 1 genes". J. Interferon Res. 5 (3): 521–6. doi:10.1089/jir.1985.5.521. PMID 2414376.
• Francois DT, Katona IM, June CH, et al. (1988). "Examination of the inhibitory and stimulatory effects of IFN-alpha, -beta, and -gamma on human B-cell proliferation induced by various B-cell mitogens". Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 48 (3): 297–306. doi:10.1016/0090-1229(88)90023-2. PMID 3135963.
• Conradt HS, Egge H, Peter-Katalinic J, et al. (1987). "Structure of the carbohydrate moiety of human interferon-beta secreted by a recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell line". J. Biol. Chem. 262 (30): 14600–5. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)47838-6. PMID 3667593.
• Blank KJ, McKernan LN, Murasko DM (1985). "Poly I:C or IFN-alpha/beta treatment inhibits macrophage induced T cell proliferation". J. Interferon Res. 5 (1): 215–21. doi:10.1089/jir.1985.5.215. PMID 3872918.
• Derynck R, Content J, DeClercq E, et al. (1980). "Isolation and structure of a human fibroblast interferon gene". Nature. 285 (5766): 542–7. Bibcode:1980Natur.285..542D. doi:10.1038/285542a0. PMID 6157094. S2CID 4272787.
• Taniguchi T, Ohno S, Fujii-Kuriyama Y, Muramatsu M (1980). "The nucleotide sequence of human fibroblast interferon cDNA". Gene. 10 (1): 11–5. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(80)90138-9. PMID 6157601.
• Houghton M, Easton MA, Stewart AG, et al. (1981). "The complete amino acid sequence of human fibroblast interferon as deduced using synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotide primers of reverse transcriptase". Nucleic Acids Res. 8 (13): 2885–94. doi:10.1093/nar/8.13.2885. PMC 324132. PMID 6159580.
• Goeddel DV, Shepard HM, Yelverton E, et al. (1981). "Synthesis of human fibroblast interferon by E. coli". Nucleic Acids Res. 8 (18): 4057–74. doi:10.1093/nar/8.18.4057. PMC 324219. PMID 6159584.
• Houghton M, Stewart AG, Doel SM, et al. (1981). "The amino-terminal sequence of human fibroblast interferon as deduced from reverse transcripts obtained using synthetic oligonucleotide primers". Nucleic Acids Res. 8 (9): 1913–31. doi:10.1093/nar/8.9.1913. PMC 324047. PMID 6159597.
• Wetzel R (1981). "Assignment of the disulphide bonds of leukocyte interferon". Nature. 289 (5798): 606–7. Bibcode:1981Natur.289..606W. doi:10.1038/289606a0. PMID 6162107. S2CID 4327734.
• Lawn RM, Adelman J, Franke AE, et al. (1981). "Human fibroblast interferon gene lacks introns". Nucleic Acids Res. 9 (5): 1045–52. doi:10.1093/nar/9.5.1045. PMC 326735. PMID 6164984.
• Shepard HM, Leung D, Stebbing N, Goeddel DV (1982). "A single amino acid change in IFN-beta1 abolishes its antiviral activity". Nature. 294 (5841): 563–5. doi:10.1038/294563a0. PMID 6171735. S2CID 4344841.
• Content J, De Wit L, Pierard D, et al. (1982). "Secretory proteins induced in human fibroblasts under conditions used for the production of interferon beta". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79 (9): 2768–72. Bibcode:1982PNAS...79.2768C. doi:10.1073/pnas.79.9.2768. PMC 346287. PMID 6178110.
• Fiers W, Remaut E, Devos R, et al. (1983). "The human fibroblast and human immune interferon genes and their expression in homologous and heterologous cells". Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 299 (1094): 29–38. doi:10.1098/rstb.1982.0103. PMID 6183692.