The Husino rebellion (Serbo-Croatian: Husinska buna, Хусинска буна)[a] was a short-lived miners strike and armed rebellion against industrial slavery in the newly established Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. 7,000 miners from Tuzla, Breza and Zenica mines in central Bosnia, participated in the strike in the village of Husino near Tuzla. When the local government tried to force the miners back to work, they resisted with firearms and the uprising was eventually suppressed with great violence. Seven miners were killed and four hundred were arrested. The uprising was suppressed, but its memory was preserved as part of Tuzla's anti-authoritarian legacy. The rebellion has been called one of the most important historical events in Yugoslavia and has remained an example of class struggle against injustice and oppression.
| Husino rebellion | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Date | 21–28 December 1920 | ||
| Location | |||
| Resulted in | Government victory | ||
| Parties | |||
| |||
| Number | |||
| |||
| Casualties | |||
| Death(s) | 7 | ||
| Arrested | c. 400 | ||
Event
editA miners' strike began on 21 December 1920 in Husino when the miners requested a rise of wages of 30-45% to counter the galloping inflation which had paralyzed the economy of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (60% between August and December 1920). Even with threats in the event of refusal of the authorities, the miners began a general strike. This very badly accommodated by the authorities who took radical measures to counter it. On the night of 27–28 December 1920, they sent a troop of 19 gendarmerie and police officers, who were ordered to evacuate the houses of the strikers in order to capture them and to counterbalance them, to Husino, which was then regarded as general headquarter of the strike movement.[citation needed]
The main leaders of the strike were Jure Kerošević Guja, Osman Đulović Topčo, Mujo Đulović Mujko, Karlo Železnik, Ivan Brcun, Franjo Marić, Marko Fidler, Bozo Mrkić, Simo Topalović, Mijo Tomić.
The 7,000 miners, armed with simple stones and pickaxes, quickly decimated the gendarmes and police officers, which caused the anger of the authorities who sent two battalions of the army as well as heavy artillery and 50 gendarmes that same evening. Vis-à-vis the army, the miners had only one choice: to surrender and give up their requirements. The rebellion was choked in blood by the Yugoslav government and the miners and their families' homes were confiscated, women were raped, over 400 people were arrested and some were expatriated.[citation needed]
Thirteen months later, the revolt got an epilogue in a trial conducted in Tuzla in January–February 1922. The indictment charged the c. 350 miners, including the leader of the uprising, Juro Kerošević, who was originally sentenced to death by hanging for allegedly killing gendarmerie officers. However, under pressure from domestic and international publicity the penalty was commuted to 20 years in prison.[1][2] 32 miners were sentenced to death and 10 other miners were penalized with prison time ranging from 1–15 months.[citation needed]
Aftermath and legacy
editThe rebellion has been called one of the most important historical events in the former Yugoslavia and has remained an example of class struggle against injustice and oppression.[3][4]
The steles of the victims installed in the municipal park of Husino testify still today to that dark time in the recent history of the village. A monument to memorialize the Husino miners (created by Ivan Sabolić) was erected in 1956, showing a miner dropping his pick for a rifle.[5] In SFR Yugoslavia, 21 December was celebrated as Miners' Day throughout the country, because of the Husino Uprising.[6][7][8]
During the Bosnian War (1992–95), a boot camp in Tuzla was named Husinska buna.[citation needed]
In February 2014, multiple Bosnian newspapers including Oslobođenje called the 2014 unrest in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the "new Husino Uprising".[9][10][11][12]
In popular culture
editA folk song called Konjuh planinom (Konjuh Mountain) was inspired by the uprising in the Husino village. It was first sung by Pejo Marković, who was killed in 1944 during World War II. Televizija Sarajevo produced a television film about the Husino Uprising called Husinska buna (Husino Rebellion, 1980).[citation needed]
See also
editAnnotations
edit- ^ Usually called Husinska buna in Serbo-Croatian, the event has been referred to in English as "Husino rebellion", Husino Uprising, "Husino Revolt", Uprising of Husino Village, or the Husino Miner's Revolt.[citation needed]
References
edit- ^ Nikolić, Maja (21 December 2012). "Zaboravljene vrijednosti: Dan rudara i Husinska buna". Radio Slobodna Evropa. Slobodna Evropa. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
- ^ "Husinska buna u vremenu tranzicije". Novo vrijeme. 2 February 2013. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
- ^ "Husinska buna - Dan rudara Bosne i Hercegovine". Abras Media. Archived from the original on 21 February 2014. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
- ^ Hoare, Marko Attila (1 February 2014). Bosnian Muslims in the Second World War. Oxford University Press. p. 125. ISBN 978-0-19-932785-0. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
- ^ "Roots of Bosnian Protests Lie in Peace Accords of 1995". The New York Times. 14 February 2014. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
- ^ "21. decembar - Dan rudara". BH Reporter. 21 December 2013. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
- ^ "Rudari BiH danas slave svoj dan". RTV Slon. 21 December 2013. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
- ^ "Sjećanje na Husinsku bunu, najveću pobunu bosanskih rudara". depo. 21 December 2010. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
- ^ "Bosansko proljeće: Počela je nova Husinska buna". Oslobođenje. 6 February 2014. Archived from the original on 23 February 2014. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
- ^ "Tuzlanska "nova Husinjska buna"". Vreme. 7 February 2014. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
- ^ "Mediji u BiH: Nova Husinska buna". b92. 7 February 2014. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
- ^ "'Počela je nova Husinska buna'". TPortal. 7 February 2014. Retrieved 15 February 2014.