The Historia monachorum in Aegypto, also called the Lives of the Desert Fathers,[1] is a combination travelogue and hagiography from the late 4th century AD. It recounts the travels of a band of seven Palestinian monks on a pilgrimage through Egypt between September 394 and January 395. They travelled from south to north, stopping in monasteries and meeting hermits and holy men. The Historia is in essence a collection of stories about these men and their miracles.[2]
The Historia is anonymous. It was originally written in Greek. Its original title is Ἡ κατ’ Αἴγυπτον τῶν μοναχῶν ἱστορία, which translates "Inquiry about the Monks of Egypt".[3] It was early translated into Latin by Rufinus of Aquileia, who also added material of his own.[2] It is best known by the Latin title of Rufinus' edition, which is often misleadingly translated "History of the Monks of Egypt", but the work is not historiography. It was one of the most popular hagiographical texts throughout the Middle Ages.[3] Four distinct translations into Syriac are known, as are translations into Georgian, Slavonic, Armenian and Arabic. A Coptic translation is known only from fragments.[4] There are critical editions of both the Greek and Latin texts.[5]
The Greek Historia has a prologue, epilogue and 26 chapters:
- John of Lycopolis
- Or of Nitria
- Ammon
- Bes
- Oxyrhynchus
- Theon
- Elias
- Apollo of Hermopolis
- Ammonas of Egypt
- Copres and Patermuthius
- Sourous
- Helle
- Apelles John
- Paphnutius
- Pitirim of Porphyry
- Eulogius
- Isidore
- Sarapion of Egypt
- Apollonius
- Dioscorus and Nitria
- Macarius of Egypt
- Amun
- Macarius of Alexandria
- Paul the Simple
- Piammonas
- John
Notes
edit- ^ This is the title of the English translation of Russell 1981.
- ^ a b Harmless 2018.
- ^ a b Cain 2016, pp. 1–2.
- ^ Cain 2016, p. 26.
- ^ Festugière 1971 and Schulz-Flügel 1990, respectively.
Bibliography
edit- Cain, Andrew (2016). The Greek Historia monachorum in Aegypto: Monastic Hagiography in the Late Fourth Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Cain, Andrew, ed. (2019). Rufinus of Aquileia. Inquiry About the Monks in Egypt. The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation, Vol. 139. Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America Press.
- Festugière, André-Jean, ed. (1971). Historia monachorum in Aegypto: Édition critique du texte grec et traduction annotée. Brussels.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Guillaumont, Antoine (1991). "Historia Monachorum in Aegypto". In Aziz Suryal Atiya (ed.). The Coptic Encyclopedia. Vol. 7. New York: Macmillan Publishers. cols. 1237b–1238b.
- Harmless, J. William (2018). "Historia Monachorum in Aegypto (History of the Monks in Egypt)". In Nicholson, Oliver (ed.). The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity, Volume 1: A–I. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 728. ISBN 978-0-19-881624-9.
- Russell, Norman, ed. (1981). The Lives of the Desert Fathers: The Historia Monachorum in Aegypto. Kalamazoo: Cistercian Publications.
- Schulz-Flügel, Eva, ed. (1990). Tyrannius Rufinus. Historia monachorum sive De vita sanctorum patrum. Berlin: DeGruyter. doi:10.1515/9783110886313. ISBN 978-3-11-012040-0.
- Ward, Benedicta (1981). "Introduction". The Lives of the Desert Fathers: The Historia Monachorum in Aegypto. Kalamazoo: Cistercian Publications.