Sir Hector-Louis Langevin, KCMG, CB, PC, KC (August 25, 1826 – June 11, 1906) was a Canadian lawyer, politician, and one of the Fathers of Confederation.
Sir Hector-Louis Langevin | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Secretary of State for Canada | |
| In office July 1, 1867 – December 8, 1867 | |
| Preceded by | Office created |
| Succeeded by | James Cox Aikins |
| Superintendent-General of Indian Affairs | |
| In office May 22, 1868 – December 7, 1869 | |
| Preceded by | Office created |
| Succeeded by | Joseph Howe |
| 10th Mayor of Quebec City | |
| In office 1858–1861 | |
| Preceded by | Joseph Morrin |
| Succeeded by | Thomas Pope |
| Postmaster General of Canada | |
| In office October 19, 1878 – May 19, 1879 | |
| Preceded by | Lucius Seth Huntington |
| Succeeded by | Alexander Campbell |
| Personal details | |
| Born | August 25, 1826 Quebec City, Lower Canada |
| Died | June 11, 1906 (aged 79) Quebec City, Quebec |
| Political party | Conservative |
| Other political affiliations | Parti bleu |
| Relations | Jean Langevin (brother) |
| Profession | |
Early life and education
editLangevin was born in Quebec City in 1826. He studied law[where?] and was called to the bar[which?] in 1850.
Political career
editIn 1856, he was elected to the municipal council of Quebec City, he was mayor from 1858 to 1861. In 1857, he was elected Member of Parliament for Dorchester in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada as a member of the Conservative Party. He held various positions in Cabinet, including Solicitor General (1864–66), Postmaster General (1866–67), Secretary of State for Canada (1867–69), Superintendent-General of Indian Affairs (1868–69), Minister of Public Works (1869–73) and acting Minister of Militia and Defence (1873). Langevin also attended all three conferences leading to Confederation. He left politics in 1873 due to his role in the Pacific Scandal.
In 1871 he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec in the provincial electoral district of Québec-Centre. At the time, dual mandates were still allowed. He served one term, until 1874.
In 1876, he was re-elected in the riding of Charlevoix. His opponent contested the election and it was declared invalid, but he won the subsequent by-election in 1877. He was defeated in Rimouski in 1878 but elected by acclamation in the riding of Trois-Rivières in the same year. Langevin became Minister of Public Works again in 1879. He lobbied behind the scenes against the hanging of Louis Riel in 1885 and was one of the few Conservatives Members of Parliament to survive the resulting backlash in the province of Quebec in 1887.
He was promised the post of Lieutenant Governor of Quebec by the new Conservative Prime Minister John Abbott if he resigned as Minister of Public Works. Langevin stepped down in 1891 but Abbott appointed Joseph-Adolphe Chapleau instead. That year, Langevin was implicated with Thomas McGreevy in what became known as the "McGreevy-Langevin scandal" over kickbacks to McGreevy associated with federal contracts granted to him by the department of public works overseen by Langevin. He retired to the backbenches and then left politics in 1896.
Outside politics he was previously a newspaper editor.[1]
View on Indigenous Canadians
editIn 1883 he stated in Parliament "In order to educate the (‘Indian’) children properly we must separate them from their families. Some people may say that this is hard but if we want to civilize them we must do that."[2] "The fact is that if you wish to educate the children you must separate them from their parents during the time they are being taught. If you leave them in the family they may know how to read and write, but they will remain savages, whereas by separating them in the way proposed, they acquire the habits and tastes…of civilized people."[3]
Posthumous recognition
editThe Langevin Block office building on Parliament Hill and the Langevin Bridge in Calgary were formerly named in his honour. Langevin's group of honours insignia was sold at auction in Ottawa on May 18, 2010 for $8000.00
On January 23, 2017, Calgary City Council voted to rename the Langevin Bridge to the Reconciliation Bridge.[4] In June 2017 it was announced the Langevin Block would be renamed to the Office of the Prime Minister and Privy Council building due to Langevin's involvement in the Canadian Indian residential school system.[5] in June 2021 a Calgary Board of Education public school was renamed Riverside School, after being Langevin school from 1936 until 2021.
Personal life
editHis brother, Jean Langevin was a Roman Catholic bishop.
Archives
editThere is a Hector-Louis Langevin fonds at Library and Archives Canada[6] and a family Hector Langevin fonds at Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec.[7]
Electoral history
edit| 1867 Canadian federal election: Dorchester | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | ||||||
| Conservative | Hector Langevin | acclaimed | ||||||
| Source: Canadian Elections Database[8] | ||||||||
| 1872 Canadian federal election: Dorchester | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | ||||||
| Conservative | Hector-Louis Langevin | 1,044 | ||||||
| Unknown | E.H. Marceau | 724 | ||||||
| Source: Canadian Elections Database[9] | ||||||||
| 1891 Canadian federal election: Richelieu | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | ||||||
| Conservative | Hector-Louis Langevin | 1,701 | ||||||
| Liberal | Lomer Gouin | 1,393 | ||||||
References
edit- ^ Hopkins, J. Castell (1898). An historical sketch of Canadian literature and journalism. Toronto: Lincott. p. 225. ISBN 0665080484.
- ^ Enberg, Susan (2015). "Making Erasure Manifest: The Importance of Archives and Reenactment in the Case of Canada's Indian Residential School Survivors" (PDF).
- ^ Keesmaat, Sylvia C.; Walsh, Brian J. (2019-05-21). Romans Disarmed: Resisting Empire, Demanding Justice. Brazos Press. ISBN 978-1-4934-1836-7.
- ^ Klingbeil, Annalise (2017-01-23), Langevin Bridge officially renamed Reconciliation Bridge after council vote, Calgary Herald
- ^ "PM renames Langevin Block out of respect for Indigenous Peoples". CTV News.
- ^ "Hector-Louis Langevin fonds, Library and Archives Canada". 20 July 2017.
- ^ "Hector Langevin family fonds, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec".
- ^ Sayers, Anthony M. "1867 Federal Election". Canadian Elections Database. Archived from the original on 22 January 2024.
- ^ Sayers, Anthony M. "1872 Federal Election". Canadian Elections Database. Archived from the original on 3 February 2024.
External links
edit- National Library of Canada biography
- "Biography". Dictionnaire des parlementaires du Québec de 1792 à nos jours (in French). National Assembly of Quebec.
- "Hector-Louis Langevin". Dictionary of Canadian Biography (online ed.). University of Toronto Press. 1979–2016.
- Hector-Louis Langevin – Parliament of Canada biography