The Hawke's Bay wine region is New Zealand's oldest and second-largest wine-production region, on the east coast of the North Island. Production reached 41,000 tonnes in 2018 from 4,681 hectares (11,570 acres) of planted vines, representing 10.2% of total national production.[3] Some of the oldest wineries still operating in New Zealand, including Te Mata Estate, Church Road, and Mission Estate, were established in the Hawke's Bay area in the late 19th century. Despite this, it was only established as a geographical indication (GI) in 2018.[1] The GI protects any wine produced within the boundaries of the entire Hawke's Bay Region, but in practice the vineyards are chiefly concentrated in the plains and low hills surrounding the cities of Napier and Hastings.[4]
| Wine region | |
 Hawke's Bay vineyard, in autumn | |
| Type | Geographical Indication |
|---|---|
| Year established | 1851; GI established 2018[1] |
| Country | New Zealand |
| Sub-regions | Gimblett Gravels, Bridge Pa Triangle, Te Mata Special Character Zone |
| Size of planted vineyards | 4,681 hectares (11,570 acres) (2018)[2] |
| Grapes produced | Chardonnay, Merlot, Pinot Gris, Syrah, Cabernet Sauvignon, Malbec, Sauvignon Blanc, Viognier[2] |
| No. of wineries | 91[3] |
| Comments | GI established 2018; wineries first established as early as 1851. |
Climate
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Wines
editGrape varieties planted in Hawke's Bay by vineyard area in hectares, 2020.
Data from New Zealand Winegrowers vineyard report.[6]
Red wines made from Merlot blends and Syrah are consistently well reviewed. Varietal white wines from Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Pinot Gris and Viognier are also produced.[7]
Sub-regions
editThere are several sub-regions within the Hawke's Bay GI, most notably Gimblett Gravels and Bridge Pa Triangle, which have developed reputations for fine red wines.[8]
Gimblett Gravels
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The Gimblett Gravels is an area of approximately 800 hectares (2,000 acres) defined by the extent of a particular local soil stratum known as the Omahu Gravels. It is one of the few geographical indications in the world defined by a soil type rather than the usual geographical, municipal or political boundaries. (N.B. this last part is incorrect as of November of 2023, as far as being a GI officially recognized by the New Zealand Intellection Property Office, the organization that regulates GIs.) [9] The designation is controlled as a registered trademark owned by the Gimblett Gravels Winegrowers Association, available only to its members. Membership is open to any producer that can show their vineyards are on the Gimblett Gravels soil (and thus by definition within the Gimblett Gravels area), and membership then allows the use of the label designation on any wines sourced (minimum 95%) from these vineyards. There are no other grape growing or winemaking regulations.[10] Notable producers are Te Awa, Villa Maria, Trinity Hill, Newton Forrest Estate, Craggy Range, Esk Valley, Church Road, Sacred Hill, and CJ Pask.
Bridge Pa Triangle
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Also known as the Ngatarawa Triangle, the Bridge Pa Triangle wine district is approximately 2,100 hectares (5,200 acres) traced by three roads: Ngatarawa Road, State Highway 50 and Maraekakaho Road. The area adjoins the Gimblett Gravels to the north, and contains the old riverbed of the nearby Ngaruroro River before it changed course after an earthquake in the 1860s. The soils include free draining alluvial gravels and shallow clay-loam soils over Lake Taupō pumice tephras. Vineyards were first established in the area in 1981 by Alwyn Corban and Garry Glazebrook, who founded Ngatarawa Wines. Their successes attracted others to the area, and the Bridge Pa Triangle Wine District organisation was eventually incorporated in 2015. Membership allows producers to use the Bridge Pa Triangle logo and branding on the label as long as the wine has a minimum of 85% of the grapes sourced from the area. There are no other grape or wine-production regulations.[11] Notable wineries in the area include Alpha Domus, Sileni Estates, Red Metal and Ash Ridge. Several other producers make single vineyard wines from their plantings in the Bridge Pa Triangle area, most notably the award-winning Syrah from Te Mata Estate's "Bullnose" vineyard.
Te Mata
editThe Te Mata Special Character Zone is an area of hills adjacent to Havelock North and Te Mata Peak. It was first protected by the Hawke's Bay Regional Council in 1996, making it New Zealand's first legally protected wine growing area.[12] The principal producers in the region are Te Mata Estate, Craggy Range and Black Barn, but other producers have vineyards in the area, including De La Terre and Trinity Hill.
Te Awanga
editSeveral vineyards are established in the coastal area around the small town of Te Awanga, 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) east of Hastings. The area has the sunny warm Hawke's Bay climate, moderated by cool coastal breezes at night. Notable producers here are Beach House, Clearview Estate, and Elephant Hill.[13]
Central Hawke's Bay
editGrowers 50 kilometres (31 mi) further south around the towns of Waipawa and Waipukurau registered their own sub-region geographical indication in 2019, which covers roughly the southern half of the larger Hawke's Bay GI, with the same boundary as the Central Hawke's Bay District local authority.[14] The principal producers are Lime Rock, Junction Wines and Pukeora Estate.[13]
References
edit- ^ a b "Geographical Indications Register: Hawke's Bay". Intellectual Property Office of New Zealand. 23 March 2018. Archived from the original on 5 August 2019. Retrieved 5 August 2019.
- ^ a b "New Zealand Wine: Statistics & Reports". New Zealand Winegrowers. Archived from the original on 2 May 2019. Retrieved 5 August 2019.
- ^ a b "New Zealand Winegrowers Annual Report 2018" (PDF). New Zealand Winegrowers. 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 August 2019. Retrieved 5 August 2019.
- ^ Robinson, Jancis; Harding, Julia, eds. (2015). "New Zealand". The Oxford Companion to Wine (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 505–509. ISBN 978-0-19-870538-3.
- ^ "Climate Data and Activities". NIWA. 28 February 2007. Archived from the original on 7 January 2019. Retrieved 19 October 2013.
- ^ "New Zealand Winegrowers Vineyard Report, 2020-2023". New Zealand Winegrowers. 2020. Archived from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 13 May 2021.
- ^ Johnson, Hugh; Robinson, Jancis, eds. (2013). "Hawke's Bay". The World Atlas of Wine (7th ed.). Mitchell Beazley. p. 358. ISBN 978-1-84533-689-9.
- ^ Barnes, Amanda (30 November 2018). "Hawke's Bay travel guide for wine lovers". Decanter. ISSN 0954-4240. Archived from the original on 8 August 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
- ^ New Zealand Intellectual Property Office - Geographical indications register https://www.iponz.govt.nz/about-ip/geographical-indications/register/
- ^ Gimblett Gravels Winegrowing Association (2016). "About the Association". Gimblett Gravels Wine Growing District. Archived from the original on 28 August 2018. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
- ^ Rules of Bridge Pa Triangle Wine District Incorporated. Bridge Pa Triangle Wine District Incorporated. 16 November 2017. Retrieved 10 April 2022 – via New Zealand Companies Office.
- ^ "The Te Mata Special Character Zone" (PDF). Operative Hastings District Plan. Hastings District Council. 2003. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 January 2018. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
- ^ a b "Wine Trail Map". Hawke's Bay Wine. Archived from the original on 5 August 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
- ^ "Geographical Indications Register: Central Hawke's Bay". Intellectual Property Office of New Zealand. 28 January 2019. Archived from the original on 5 August 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019.