Wikipedia

Harry George Smart

Harry George Smart, CBE, DFC, AFC (28 June 1891 – 28 June 1963) is best known for having been the commander of RAF Habbaniya during the first part of the Anglo-Iraqi War. Smart was an officer in the British Army, the Royal Flying Corps and the Royal Air Force. He served during the First World War, during the interwar period, and during the Second World War.

Harry George Smart
Air Vice Marshal H G Smart
Nickname(s)Reggie
Born(1891-06-28)28 June 1891
Newmarket, Suffolk, England
Died28 June 1963(1963-06-28) (aged 72)
AllegianceUnited Kingdom
Service / branchBritish Army (c.1915–18)
Royal Air Force (1918–45)
Years of service1915–45
RankAir Vice Marshal
CommandsNo. 17 (Operational Training) Group (1941–45)
British Forces in Iraq (1939–41)
RAF Martlesham Heath (1937–38)
Central Flying School (1935–37)
No. 99 Squadron (1930–32)
No. 208 Squadron (1919)
Battles / warsFirst World War
Second World War
AwardsCommander of the Order of the British Empire
Distinguished Flying Cross
Air Force Cross
Mentioned in Despatches
Grand Commander of the Order of the Phoenix (Greece)

Biography

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In 1891, Harry George "Reggie" Smart[1] was born in Newmarket, Suffolk, in the United Kingdom. Smart attended Framlingham College between 1905 and 1907[2] and joined the British Army sometime thereafter. He served as a Sapper with the Royal Engineers.[3]

On 30 November 1915, Smart received a commission with the Royal Flying Corps.[4] From 29 April 1916, he was a Morane Bullet pilot with No. 60 Squadron on the Western Front.[4] On 23 Jul 1917, Smart was made a squadron Flight Commander and, by 30 Apr 1918, he was Officer Commanding of a squadron.[4] On 14 Jan 1919, Smart was Officer Commanding of No. 208 Squadron.[4] On 1 Aug 1919, Smart was awarded a permanent commission as a captain.[4] By 9 Feb 1920, Smart was a Flight Commander of No. 6 Squadron and, by May 1920, he was made the squadron's acting Officer Commanding.[4] The squadron was located in Mosul in the British Mandate of Iraq and flew Bristol F2B fighters.[3]

Interwar period

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On 4 Feb 1923, Squadron Leader Smart became a Certified Flight Instructor (CFI) at the Central Flying School (CFS).[4] The Commandant of the CFS at that time was Group Captain Felton Holt. On 12 Nov 1927, Smart was seconded to the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF).[3] On 5 February 1930, his service with the RAAF ended. By 19 February, he was the Officer Commanding No. 99 Squadron.[4]

 
Morane Bullet.

In 1935, Wing Commander Smart was named Commandant of the Central Flying School.[4] He was soon tasked with supervising the relocation of the school from RAF Wittering back to the original RAF Upavon location. Two weeks after completing the move, Smart was sent to the United States to study American instructional methods.[3]

On 18 Jan 1937, Group Captain Smart took command of the Aeroplane and Armament Experimental Establishment at RAF Martlesham Heath[4] where he soon made his opinion of contractors known: "Our job is to test aircraft, not to tell the constructors how to design them." This sentence was from a speech made by Smart during the "Sixteenth Annual Contractors' Dinner." His speech was greeted with applause. The significance of the remark, and the sly dig contained therein, was not lost on any one of those present.[5]

In 1939, Smart became the Commander of the British Forces in Iraq.[4]

Second World War

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Main articles: 1941 Iraqi coup d'état and Anglo-Iraqi War

Air Vice Marshal Smart was the Air Officer Commanding (AOC) at RAF Habbaniya in the Kingdom of Iraq when Iraqi rebels took up strong positions on the plateau overlooking the base with the objective of overrunning the base. He was also AOC of all RAF forces in Iraq and reported to Arthur Longmore and to Air Vice Marshal (Acting Air Marshal) Arthur Tedder of the RAF Middle East Command. During the tense period of time after the Iraqis positioned themselves on the plateau, Smart communicated directly with the British Ambassador to Iraq, Kinahan Cornwallis who was also in contact with London.

 
An RAF officer investigates wrecked Iraqi artillery on the plateau above Habbaniya.

Smart's tactics to defend the Habbaniya cantonment was to mount continuous bombing and strafing attacks with as many aircraft as possible.[6] At 05:00 on 2 May, 33 aircraft from Habbaniya,[7] out of the 56 operational aircraft based there,[8] and eight Wellington bombers, from RAF Shaibah, began the attack.[7] What became known as the Anglo-Iraqi War was now under way. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill hoped that Smart would be able to hold out at Habbaniya until Habforce could advance from Palestine and relieve him on 12 May. However, in a matter of days, the Iraqi forces were suffering heavy losses. Late on 6 May, the Iraqis abandoned the plateau and left much equipment. In the end, the flying column of Habforce, Kingcol, did not reach Habbaniya until 18 May. On 25 May, the main body of Habforce arrived.

On 5 May, AVM Smart was injured in a car accident during the night-time blackout[9] and was evacuated from Habbaniya on medical grounds[1] with multiple injuries[10] Smart was evacuated to Basra and then onto India, together with his wife and daughter (who had been tending the wounded in the hospital but were evacuated from Habbaniya to Basrah on the 3rd day of the Siege).[11] Colonel Ouvry Roberts assumed de facto command of the land operations at RAF Habbaniya.[1] AVM John D'Albiac, who had just returned from Greece, took command of the aerial forces.[12]

Also on 7 May, apparently unaware of Smart's injury, Churchill sent the following message to Smart: "Your vigorous and splendid action has largely restored the situation. We are all watching the grand fight you are making. All possible aid will be sent. Keep it up!".[13]

On 17 November 1941, Smart was named AOC of No. 17 (Operational Training) Group.[4] On 1 September 1945, Smart retired from the RAF.[4]

Honours and awards

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Notes

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  1. ^ a b c Lyman, p. 19
  2. ^ "Distinguished Old Framlinghamians (Services)". The Society of Old Framlinghamians. Retrieved 24 July 2009.
  3. ^ a b c d Air of Authority, Biographies, Air Vice-Marshal H G Smart
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Air of Authority – A History of RAF Organisation – Air Vice-Marshal H G Smart
  5. ^ Flight, p. 576
  6. ^ Jackson, p. 151
  7. ^ a b Playfair, p. 183
  8. ^ Mackenzie, p. 95
  9. ^ Smart, p. 146 (author is his daughter.)
  10. ^ Smart, p. 153 (author is his daughter.)
  11. ^ Smart, p. 132 (author is his daughter.)
  12. ^ Playfair, p. 188
  13. ^ Churchill, Chapter 14, The Revolt in Iraq, p. 230
  14. ^ "No. 32501". The London Gazette. 28 October 1921. p. 8496.
  15. ^ "No. 32782". The London Gazette (Supplement). 1 January 1923. p. 8.
  16. ^ "No. 33280". The London Gazette (Supplement). 3 June 1927. p. 3620.
  17. ^ in recognition of distinguished services rendered in operational commands of the Royal Air Force during the period 1 October 1940 to 31 March 1941."No. 35284". The London Gazette (Supplement). 23 September 1941. p. 5567.
  18. ^ "No. 35837". The London Gazette (Supplement). 29 December 1942. p. 5639.
  19. ^ Smart, p. 185 (author is his daughter.)

References

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  • Churchill, Winston (1985) [1950]. "Chapter 14: The Revolt in Iraq". The Second World War, Volume III, The Grand Alliance. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0-395-41057-6.
  • Jackson, Ashley (2006). The British Empire and the Second World War. Hambledon Continuum. ISBN 1-85285-417-0.
  • Lyman, Robert (2006). Iraq 1941: The Battles for Basra, Habbaniya, Fallujah and Baghdad. Campaign. Oxford, New York: Osprey Publishing. p. 96. ISBN 1-84176-991-6.
  • Mackenzie, Compton. Eastern Epic: Volume 1 September 1939 – March 1943 Defence. London: Chatto & Windus. OCLC 59637091.
  • Playfair, Major-General I.S.O.; with Flynn R.N., Captain F.C.; Molony, Brigadier C.J.C. & Toomer, Air Vice-Marshal S.E. (2004) [1st. pub. HMSO 1956]. Butler, J.R.M (ed.). The Mediterranean and Middle East, Volume II The Germans come to the help of their Ally (1941). History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Naval & Military Press. ISBN 1-84574-066-1.
  • Smart, Naida (2012). Forgotten Victory: Iraq 1939 – 1941. Houghton Regis, Bedfordshire, England: Bound Biographies.
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Military offices
Preceded by Air Officer Commanding British Forces in Iraq
1939–1941 		Succeeded by
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