Hannah Tamaki JP (née Lee; born 1960) is the wife of Brian Tamaki, the leader of the Pentecostal fundamentalist movement Destiny Church. She is also the leader of the Christian fundamentalist political party Vision NZ.[1]
Hannah Tamaki | |
---|---|
Born | Hannah Lee 1960 (age 63–64) Tokoroa, New Zealand |
Known for | Wife of Brian Tamaki, the founder of Destiny Church (New Zealand) |
Title | Leader of Vision New Zealand Party |
Other political affiliations | Freedoms New Zealand |
Spouse | |
Children | 3 |
Personal life
editHannah Lee was born in Tokoroa, New Zealand in 1960 as the daughter of a European father named Basil Lee and a Māori mother named Polly. She has seven half-brothers and half-sisters. Basil worked as the foreman of the Tokoroa cheese factory.[2]
Hannah is the wife of Brian Tamaki, the leader of Destiny Church.[1] The couple have three children and six grandchildren.[3]
Meeting Brian and religious conversion
editHannah attended Tokoroa High School where she played netball, softball and hash harriers. In 1976, she dropped out of school at the age of 15 and found work at the SuperValue supermarket in Tokoroa. She met her future husband Brian Tamaki (who was two years older) and the two developed a romantic relationship. In August 1978, the couple moved to Te Awamutu where Brian became the manager at a dairy farm belonging to one of his relatives. In February 1979, Hannah gave birth to the couple's first child, Jasmine.[4] Hannah bore a second daughter, named Jamie, 14 months later.[5]
In early 1979, Hannah underwent a "born-again" experience after Brian's parents Duke and Margaret Tamaki underwent a born-again experience following a meeting with Pastor Roy Beach, a former motorcycle-gang member turned pastor. The couple subsequently returned to Tokoroa in August 1979, staying with Basil. Hannah resumed her supermarket job while Brian found work tree-felling. Brian subsequently underwent a similar born-again experience in late 1979. The couple married on 22 March 1980.[6]
In January 1982, Hannah and her daughters accompanied her husband Brian to Te Nikau Bible College near Paraparaumu, which was affiliated with Pentecostal and Charismatic movements. During that period, Hannah gave birth to a son named Samuel. Hannah also took two courses at the Bible college, gaining an understanding of Christian theology. After Brian completed his ministerial training at Te Nikau Bible College, Hannah returned to her supermarket job. Brian took up a leadership role at Tokoroa Apostolic Church and became the manager of government employment-scheme.[7]
Hannah accompanied her husband as he pastored Rosetown Community Church in Te Awamutu and Lake City Church in Rotorua during the 1980s and 1990s. While in Te Awamutu, Hannah coached a netball team in order to increase their church's local contacts. In 1994, Brian seceded from the Apostolic Church denomination and founded his own movement, which subsequently became known as Destiny Church.[8]
Destiny Church
editIn 1998, the Tamakis moved to Auckland and established City Church Auckland, which opened on 4 July. Destiny Church regards this date as its official commencement.[9] Around 2002, Hannah Tamaki founded the Healing Hands Ministry as a small organisation to earn money from the Destiny women's meetings and to support people undergoing treatment, particularly for cancer.[10]
According to the historian Peter Lineham, Hannah served as the "business brains" of Destiny Church, complementing her husband Brian who was primarily a visionary. Hannah also helped to manage her husband's image and to guard the structure and direction of the movement. [11] Hannah played an active role in the leadership of Destiny Church, frequently leading worship and was always portrayed as the partner of her husband in all his ministries. In addition, Tamaki received a salary due to Brian's view that wives should be paid for their ministry if they were working alongside husbands who were employed by the church.[12]
Hannah and Anne Williamson, the wife of Destiny leader Neil Williamson, played an important role in securing funding for the church's bilingual early childhood centre Nga Tamariki Puawai, which opened in 2002. The early childhood centre received a favourable review from the Education Review Office and later had six staff who were trained in the Māori language and general institutions.[13]
Political involvement
editDestiny New Zealand
editAccording to Lineham, Hannah supported Anne Williamson's proposal that Destiny Church start its own political party. Destiny New Zealand was subsequently registered with the Electoral Commission on 1 June 2003.[14] The party contested the 2005 New Zealand general election, gaining only 0.62% of the popular vote (14,210 votes), and winning no seats in the New Zealand House of Representatives.[15][16] Destiny New Zealand was subsequently deregistered in September 2007.[17]
Vision NZ
editOn 23 May 2019, Hannah and her husband Brian announced the launch of a new political party called "Coalition New Zealand." Hannah was confirmed as the leader of the new party, which she described as "a party not just for Christians but for everyone who feels frustrated with the current government."[18] Tamaki identified the legalisation of marijuana, euthanasia and late-term abortion as key motivating factors that spurred her decision to launch a new party.[19] In August 2019, the Electoral Commission initially declined to register the new party on the grounds that its name and logo was likely to mislead voters.[20][21] In October 2019, the party announced a new name, Vision NZ, and a new logo, and was registered with the Electoral Commission.[22]
During the 2020 New Zealand general election, Vision campaigned on a mixture of socially conservative and Māori oriented policies. The party adopted "hard-right" views on abortion, homosexuality, and immigration.[23] Tamaki opposed the construction of new mosques but backtracked on her initial policies calling for a ban on immigration and refugees.[24][25] In addition, Tamaki advocated greater financial autonomy for Māori people, including a Māori-owned bank and Tūhoe ownership of Te Urewera. She also called for government funding of Destiny Church's Tu Tangata, Man Up, Legacy and Youth Nation volunteer programmes.[26][25]
During the 2020 election, Vision New Zealand received 4,236 party votes (or 0.1% of the popular vote) and failed to win any seats in Parliament.[27] Tamaki herself secured 1,171 votes in the Waiariki electorate, coming third place behind the Māori Party's Rawiri Waititi and Labour's Tāmati Coffey.[28] Despite winning no seats, Tamaki claimed after the election that she and Vision had succeeded in defeating Labour's Waiariki candidate Coffey.[29]
On 13 July 2023, Tamaki announced that she would stand as Vision New Zealand's candidate in the Tāmaki Makaurau electorate during the 2023 New Zealand general election. She also confirmed that the party would be contesting all seven Māori electorates as part of her husband Brian's Freedoms New Zealand coalition.[30]
The Freedoms & Rights Coalition
editIn March 2021, Hannah and Brian attracted media attention after the couple left Auckland while the region was under an Alert Level 2 lockdown and visited Rotorua before traveling to Te Anau in the South Island. The couple's actions were criticised by COVID-19 Response Minister Chris Hipkins, Mayor of Invercargill Tim Shadbolt, and Director-General of Health Ashley Bloomfield.[31] The Mayor of Invercargill Tim Shadbolt stated that the Tamakis were not welcome in the South Island city.[32] In addition, the couple courted controversy when they stated that they would not be vaccinated against COVID-19.[33]
In late October 2021, Tamaki addressed a crowd of 5,000 anti-lockdown protesters who gathered at the Auckland Museum in the Auckland Domain. She claimed that residents of Auckland were being held prisoner and argued that people had the right to choose to be vaccinated. Tamaki spoke in the absence of her husband Brian, who had previously been arrested for leading two anti-lockdown protests in Auckland and was on bail pending trial. Tamaki later led a march outside a police station calling for the release of Brian from his bail conditions.[34] Auckland Police have confirmed they will be prosecuting the organisers for breaching Level 3 restrictions.[35]
In early November 2021, Stuff reported that Hannah and her husband maintained contact with Groundswell NZ's Pukekohe and Auckland coordinator Scott Bright, who donated vegetables to the anti-lockdown "The Freedoms & Rights Coalition" (TFRC) and participated in an anti-lockdown protest organised by the TFRC.[36] Stuff had earlier identified Tamaki's husband Brian as the "founder and architect" behind "The Freedoms & Rights Coalition," which had staged several anti-lockdown protests across New Zealand. In addition, Stuff reported that the TFRC's web domain was owned by Jenny Marshall, the church's director of operations who confirmed Brian's leadership of the TFRC but claimed that the group's donations and merchandising was separate from Destiny Church's finances.[37]
On 20 November, Hannah and Brian attended an anti-lockdown protest organised by the TFRC in the Auckland Domain. At the time, Brian was still subject to bail conditions barring him from participating in further protests. On 23 November, the couple were summoned to the Auckland Central Police station due to their participation in protest on 20 November. In response, 100 supporters gathered outside the Police station in solidarity with the Tamakis. Prior to the meeting, Hannah published a live video thanking supporters including "people of faith" for praying for them.[38][39] Tamaki was charged with two counts of failing to comply with a COVID-19 order and scheduled to appear in court on 1 April 2022.[40]
On 17 January 2022, Tamaki's husband Brian was arrested and remanded at Mount Eden Correctional Facility for violating his bail conditions by attending the Christchurch protest. A judge subsequently ordered his release on bail, ruling that the decision to remand him in prison had been wrong. As part of his bail conditions, Tamaki was ordered to avoid future anti-lockdown protests and was ordered to remain under a 24 hour curfew at his family home.[41] Hannah welcomed her husband's release, stating that she was a "very happy lady."[42]
On 16 August 2022, Tamaki and Brian were issued with traffic infringement notices for causing traffic disruption during a TFRC protest march held in Auckland on 23 July.[43]
In early November 2024, Tamaki, Brian, Jennifer Marshall, and Kaleb Cave faced trial at the Auckland District Court on charges of organising a series of large public gatherings between September and October 2021 in contravention of Level 3 COVID-19 restrictions at the time.[44] The Tamakis and their co-defendants were defended by Ron Mansfield KC, who argued that they did not intentionally break lockdown rules and that the group were unfairly targeted by Police.[45] In mid-November, Judge June Jelas agreed to dismiss all charges against Tamaki. On 20 November, Jelas, with the approval of the Crown prosecutor, dismissed the remaining charges against her husband Brian and Marshall.[46]
Freedoms New Zealand
editOn 23 August 2022 Tamaki and her husband attended an anti-government protest outside the New Zealand Parliament, where Brian launched a new umbrella party called Freedoms New Zealand. This coalition included Tamaki's Vision New Zealand, the New Nation Party, Vision New Zealand, and the NZ Outdoors & Freedom Party.[47][48]
On 28 September 2023, Hannah and her husband Brian led a TFRC protest against a scheduled "Agenda 2030" conference at the New Zealand Parliament in Wellington. They along with Outdoors Party leader Sue Grey addressed the protesters. Members of the Pōneke Anti-Fascist Coalition staged a counter-protest outside Parliament. The Coalition's march coincided with similar protest activities in Wellington organised by Julian Batchelor's Stop Co-Governance movement, the farming advocacy group Groundswell NZ, and a gang hīkoi protesting against the National and ACT parties' anti-gang policies.[49][50]
During the 2023 New Zealand general election, Tamaki unsuccessfully contested the Tāmaki Makaurau electorate, coming fifth place with 829 votes.[51] Freedoms NZ failed to enter Parliament, gaining 0.33% of the popular vote (9,586 votes).[52] Following the release of preliminary results, Tamaki praised incoming Prime Minister Christopher Luxon as a "family man" while criticising the incumbent Prime Minister Chris Hipkins' relationship with Toni.[53]
Community involvement
editMāori Women's Welfare League presidential candidacy
editIn May 2011, Hannah Tamaki campaigned for the presidency of the Māori Women's Welfare League, citing the past involvement of her own mother Polly and other relatives in the League. Since Tamaki joined the League five years previously, Destiny Church created thirteen branches of the League within the church in order to boost her chances of being elected as president, recruiting 1,100 members.[54] Former League president Christine Panapa objected to Tamaki's candidacy, stating that the League was a non-sectarian organisation and alleging that Destiny Church was a sect. Similar sentiments were echoed by former League president Denise Ewe, who claimed that Hannah's support was only coming from "Destiny-grown branches."[55]
Destiny Church exploited the League's constitutional rule that branches were entitled to a maximum of 10 votes at national meetings; with the maximum number going to a branch with 90 members. Since the Destiny branches had over 90 members each, this maximised the value of these new branches. However, the League's executive deemed the Destiny-affiliated branches as unconstitutional since they were formed on a sectarian bases and declined to send voting papers to them. The League also distributed voting papers without Tamaki's name and suspended links with those branches and church members pending an inquiry. In July 2011, Tamaki challenged the League's actions at the High Court. [56][57][58][59]
Justice Stephen Kos ordered that Tamaki's name be reinstated on the ballot but ordered that ten of the Destiny–affiliated branches established after 2 May be excluded from the election on the grounds that they had been established contrary to the practices and tikanga of the League.[60][61] Hannah welcomed the Court's decision reinstating her on the League's ballot and allowing three of the Destiny-affiliated branches to participate in the leadership election.[62]
Tamaki was unsuccessful during the 2011 leadership election, with Kataraina O'Brien being elected as the League's president. The League subsequently revised its policies allowing its National Executive the power to vet presidential and vice-presidential nominations as well as membership applicants.[63][60] In June 2012, the League's National Executive banned Tamaki from holding any regional office for three years and disestablished the three remaining League branches affiliated with her and Destiny Church.[64][60] In response, Tamaki announced she would not appeal the ban but would consider establishing a rival organisation.[65]
Justice of the Peace
editIn December 2019, the Labour Party-led New Zealand Government, appointed Tamaki as a Justice of the Peace. The-then National Party leader and Leader of the Opposition Simon Bridges described the Government's decision as "bizzare".[66]
Dancing with the Stars, 2020
editOn 23 February 2020, The New Zealand Herald reported that Hannah Tamaki was tipped to join the dancing television show Dancing with the Stars.[67] After a major backlash online, MediaWorks New Zealand confirmed that Tamaki would no longer be joining the series.[68]
Notes and references
edit- ^ a b Jamie Ensor (23 May 2019). "Hannah Tamaki to lead new political party Coalition New Zealand". Newshub. Retrieved 1 November 2021.
On Thursday, Hannah was announced as the leader of the party, saying it is not a party just for Christians but for everyone who feels frustrated with the current Government. Brian promised the party would be a 'vehicle' for the 'silent majority' to express their beliefs.
- ^ Lineham 2013, p. 26-27.
- ^ Lineham 2013, p. 26, 33, 36–37.
- ^ Lineham 2013, p. 26.
- ^ Lineham 2013, p. 33.
- ^ Lineham 2013, p. 29-32.
- ^ Lineham 2013, p. 32-35.
- ^ Lineham 2013, p. 42-52.
- ^ Lineham 2013, p. 58.
- ^ Lineham 2013, p. 73.
- ^ Lineham 2013, p. 119.
- ^ Lineham 2013, p. 132.
- ^ Lineham 2013, p. 209-210.
- ^ Lineham 2013, p. 147-148.
- ^ "Official Count Results – Overall Status". Electoral Commission. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 6 September 2014.
- ^ Lineham 2013, p. 155.
- ^ "Destiny Church widening political scope". Newstalk ZB. 17 September 2007. Archived from the original on 15 October 2008. Retrieved 17 September 2007.
- ^ Earley, Melanie (23 May 2019). "Destiny Church launches political party, promising 'politics with teeth". Stuff. Archived from the original on 1 January 2021. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
- ^ Ensor, Jamie; Bracewell-Worrall, Anna (23 May 2019). "Hannah Tamaki to lead new political party Coalition New Zealand". Newshub. Archived from the original on 3 November 2021. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
- ^ Hutt, Kendall (16 August 2019). "Electoral Commission refuses to register Destiny Church-derived party, Coalition NZ". Stuff. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
- ^ "Hannah Tamaki's Coalition NZ Party denied party registration". The New Zealand Herald. 16 August 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
- ^ Walls, Jason (2 October 2019). "Destiny Church's Hannah Tamaki registers new political party name Vision NZ". The New Zealand Herald. ISSN 1170-0777. Archived from the original on 9 March 2020. Retrieved 1 October 2019.
- ^ "Party profile: Vision NZ". The Spinoff. Archived from the original on 26 October 2021. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
- ^ "Destiny Church's Hannah Tamaki calls for ban on new mosques". The New Zealand Herald. 11 November 2019. Archived from the original on 22 March 2021. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
- ^ a b Scotcher, Katie (10 September 2020). "An introduction to 'The Outliers': The political parties who aren't in the daily headlines". Radio New Zealand. Archived from the original on 14 December 2020. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
- ^ "Hannah Tamaki announces Vision NZ policies". Otago Daily Times. Allied Press. 18 June 2020. Archived from the original on 21 June 2020. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
- ^ "2020 General Election and Referendums – Official Result". Electoral Commission. 6 November 2020. Retrieved 9 November 2021.[permanent dead link ]
- ^ "Waiariki – Official Result". Electoral Commission. 6 November 2020. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
- ^ Maxwell, Joel (28 October 2020). "Election 2020: Good God! Destiny Church's Hannah Tamaki fulfills 'goal' to unseat Labour MP". Stuff. Archived from the original on 2 November 2020. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
- ^ Los'e, Joseph (13 July 2023). "It's Tamaki for Tamaki as Pastor Hannah stands in Auckland and reveals Vision NZ to contest seven Māori seats". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 29 September 2023.
- ^ Hudson, Daisy (3 March 2021). "Covid 19 coronavirus: Te Anau locals criticise Brian Tamaki's lockdown-defying South Island travels". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 3 March 2021. Retrieved 23 November 2021.
- ^ "Mayor Shadbolt says Tamakis not welcome in Invercargill after couple's lockdown flee". 1News. 4 March 2021. Archived from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 23 November 2021.
- ^ "Covid 19 coronavirus: Tamakis say they 'are not anti vaxxers'". The New Zealand Herald. 4 March 2021. Archived from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 23 November 2021.
- ^ "Covid 19 Delta outbreak: Auckland Domain lockdown protest – Brian Tamaki absent, Hannah Tamaki decries lost freedoms". The New Zealand Herald. 30 October 2021. Archived from the original on 30 October 2021. Retrieved 30 October 2021.
- ^ "Police vow to lay charges after thousands attend anti-lockdown protest". Otago Daily Times. Allied Press. 30 October 2021. Archived from the original on 31 October 2021. Retrieved 31 October 2021.
- ^ Porter, Nadine (2 November 2021). "Groundswell NZ denies being anti-vax after founder shuns vaccination promo video". Stuff. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
- ^ Somerville, Troes (2 November 2021). "Covid-19: Destiny Church denies making profit from protest group's anti-lockdown merchandise". Stuff. Archived from the original on 5 November 2021. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
- ^ Ensor, Jamie (22 November 2021). "Brian, Hannah Tamaki: Large crowd gathers outside police station". Newshub. Archived from the original on 22 November 2021. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
- ^ "Covid-19 Delta outbreak: Destiny's Brian and Hannah Tamaki summoned to appear at Auckland police station". The New Zealand Herald. 23 November 2021. Archived from the original on 22 November 2021. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
- ^ Pearse, Adam; Leask, Anna (27 December 2021). "Destiny Church's Brian Tamaki allegedly threatens to have future mobile vaccination clinics blown up, police investigating". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 27 December 2021. Retrieved 27 December 2021.
- ^ "Brian Tamaki walks free: Destiny Church leader wins appeal against being remanded in custody". The New Zealand Herald. 26 January 2022. Archived from the original on 26 January 2022. Retrieved 27 January 2022.
- ^ Sadler, Rachel (26 January 2022). "Hannah Tamaki celebrates husband Brian's release from Mt Eden prison after nine-day stay". Newshub. Retrieved 27 January 2022.
- ^ "Brian Tamaki, Hannah Tamaki receive infringement notice for motorway protest". The New Zealand Herald. 16 August 2022. Archived from the original on 16 August 2022. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
- ^ "Brian Tamaki faces trial over alleged Covid-19 rule breaches". RNZ. 4 November 2024. Archived from the original on 4 November 2024. Retrieved 11 November 2024.
- ^ "Brian Tamaki's lawyer suggests police faced pressure to take action over Covid-19 breaches". RNZ. 5 November 2024. Archived from the original on 11 November 2024. Retrieved 11 November 2024.
- ^ Kapitan, Craig (20 November 2024). "Destiny Church leader Brian Tamaki walks free on Covid-19 protest charges". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 20 November 2024. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
- ^ "Large police presence in capital as anti-government protesters gather at Parliament". Radio New Zealand. 23 August 2022. Archived from the original on 23 August 2022. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
- ^ Quinlivan, Mark; Iasona, Seni (23 August 2022). "Anti-Government protest ends peacefully, handful of protesters remain". Newshub. Archived from the original on 24 August 2022. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
- ^ Molyneux, Vita (28 September 2023). "Wellington protest: Freedom and Rights coalition march on Parliament ends, roads to reopen". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 29 September 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
- ^ Iasona, Seni; Heikell, Leighton (28 September 2023). "Wellington protests: Brian Tamaki promises peace as Stop Co-Governance, Freedoms & Rights Coalition descend on Wellington". Newshub. Archived from the original on 30 September 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
- ^ "Tāmaki Makaurau – Official Result". Electoral Commission. 3 November 2023. Archived from the original on 8 November 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
- ^ "2023 General Election - Official Result". Electoral Commission. 3 November 2023. Archived from the original on 5 December 2023. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
- ^ "Liz Gunn cries, Brian Tamaki rages at 'gutless Kiwis' after losses". Newshub. 15 October 2023. Archived from the original on 19 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
- ^ Lineham 2013, p. 180.
- ^ Field, Michael (17 June 2011). "Destiny Maori welfare wrangle". Stuff. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2011.
- ^ Lineham 2013, p. 180-181.
- ^ "Tamaki heads to court over league election". Stuff. 7 July 2011. Archived from the original on 24 October 2012. Retrieved 10 July 2011.
- ^ Field, Michael (7 July 2011). "League takeover battle erupts". Stuff. Archived from the original on 5 November 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2011.
- ^ "Hannah Tamaki exclusion review under way". The New Zealand Herald. 20 July 2011. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 20 July 2011.
Justice Kos said it was 'remarkable' that all 10 branches had between 91 to 93 members, which appeared to maximise the number of votes each branch – 10 – would receive to participate in the election.
- ^ a b c Lineham 2013, p. 181.
- ^ "Hollow victory for Tamaki". The New Zealand Herald. 21 July 2011. Archived from the original on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 21 July 2011.
I find the manner in which the new branches have been established completely contrary to the practices and tikanga of the league.
- ^ Tamaki, Hannah (21 July 2011). "Hannah Tamaki Response to High Court Ruling". Scoop. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 21 July 2011.
- ^ "Maori Women's Welfare League names new president". Radio New Zealand. 4 September 2011. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 6 November 2021.
She spent about 30 years teaching at secondary schools including Hato Petera and Auckland Girls' Grammar.
- ^ "Maori league bars Destiny Church co-founder". The New Zealand Herald. 16 June 2012. Archived from the original on 2 October 2019. Retrieved 6 November 2021.
- ^ Tamaki, Hannah (16 June 2021). "Statement on Maori Women's Welfare League". Scoop. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 6 November 2021.
- ^ O'Brien, Tova (16 December 2019). "Jacinda Ardern, Simon Bridges rule out working with Hannah Tamaki's Vision NZ". Newshub. Archived from the original on 3 March 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
- ^ "Destiny Church's Hannah Tamaki poised to join Dancing with the Stars". The New Zealand Herald. 23 February 2020. Archived from the original on 30 October 2021. Retrieved 7 November 2021.
- ^ "Destiny Church's Hannah Tamaki axed from Dancing with the Stars". The New Zealand Herald. 25 February 2020. Archived from the original on 3 November 2021.
Further reading
edit- Lineham, Peter (2013). Destiny: The Life and Times of a Self-Made Apostle: The life and Times of a Self-Made Prophet. Penguin Random House New Zealand. ISBN 978-1742539164.