Haji Sahib of Turangzai (real name Fazal Wahid ; 1858 – December 14, 1937) was a Pashtun freedom fighter and social worker of Mohmand and the Ghorikhel tribe in the late 19th century and early 20th century.
Haji Sahib of Turangzai | |
|---|---|
 Shrine of Haji Sahib Turangzai | |
| Birth name | Fazal Wahid |
| Born | 1842 Turangzai |
| Died | December 14, 1937 |
| Allegiance | Afghania |
| Battles / wars | 1897 Frontier revolt Mohmand campaign of 1935 |
Biography
editBorn Fazal Wahid to a noble Muhammadzai[1] family in 1858 at Turangzai, a famous town in district Charsadda, modern Pakistan. His father's name was Fazal Ahad. After receiving his early religious education at home, Haji Sahib went to the Darul Uloom Deoband where he grew an attachment to Sheikh ul Hind Maulana Mahmood ul Hasan and in 1890, accompanied the Sheikh on the Hajj.
On his return he fought against the British in the 1897 Frontier revolt, in which there was a general uprising against the British by the frontier tribes.
The revolt was ultimately unsuccessful, and in 1908, Haji Sahib went on the Hajj once again. On his return he became preoccupied with social work, education in particular. It was during this time he started touring each village and town along with Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, better known as Bacha Khan. The movement proved successful, and almost 120 schools were established in the space of a few years.
The British government reacted negatively to events, and accused Haji Sahib as well as Ghaffar Khan of running a parallel government to that of the British. They had him arrested and put on trial. He briefly attempted to oppose the British government but was arrested. On the basis of lack of evidence, Haji Sahib was released, but his fellow workers were given sentences of up to three years.
In 1913, Sir Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum Khan chose Haji Sahib of Turangzai to inaugurate the foundation laying ceremony of the Darul Uloom Islamia in Peshawar, present day Islamia College.
In June 1915 the British government issued an arrest warrant against him. Evading arrest at midnight, Haji Sahib left Peshawar and headed for Mohmand Territory along with his sons and trusted friends. Within days of arriving at Mohmand Agency, Haji Sahib along with Mujahideen from Chamarkand accelerated attacks on British positions in the nearby areas. The Chamarkand Mujahideen were under the leadership of Ameer Niamatullah Khan. In August 1915, they attacked a British camp stationed at Rustam in Mardan.
In 1923, the British sent their troops to Mohmand Territory to stamp out the resistance. This time however, instead of any bloodshed they managed to sign a truce after which they pushed back their troops. It proved a pyrrhic victory, and he eventually settled in Mohmand agency where he became preoccupied with building a mosque.
In 1936, Haji Sahib fell seriously ill. With time, his condition worsened and died on 14 December 1937 aged 81.
His tomb has turned into a shrine for locals, and his children started construction of the mosque along with Haji Sahib tomb in 1979 and completed it in 1990. The mosque is known as Turangzai Babaji Mosque. The mosque recently came into the news when armed groups of Taliban fighters took it over.
References
edit- ^ The Role of NWFP Women in Freedom Struggle 1930-1947 by Shabana Shamaas Gul Khattak and Akhtar Hussain
"He [Haji Sahib of Turangzai] was the first political figure in the NWFP to turn from armed resistance to new political methods. This militant-religious man of the Mohammadzai clan participated in the anti-British war in 1897."
- Haji Sahib Turangzai: Life and struggle City Notes (Thursday August 2, 2007) by Abid Jan Razarwal. Retrieved 6 August 2007
- Haji Sahib Turangzai Muhammad Shafi Sabir Tazkara Sarfaroshan e Sarhad
Further reading
edit- Qadir, Altaf. Reforming the Pukhtuns and Resisting the British: An Appraisal of the Haji Sahib Turangzai's Movement. Islamabad: National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research, 2015.
- Qadir, Altaf: "Anti-Colonial Movement: The Struggle of Haji Sahib Turangzai to do away with the authority of the British Raj", Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society, Karachi, Pakistan, No. 2, April–June 2008.
- Qadir, Altaf: "Haji Sahib of Turangzai and His Reform Movement in the North West Frontier Province", Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society, Karachi, Pakistan vol. XL, No. 3, July–September 2006