The Great Mosque of Sulaymaniyah (Kurdish: مزگەوتی گەورەی سلێمانی) known as Grand Mosque (Kurdish: مزگەوتی گەورە, romanized: Mizgewtî Gewre) is a historic mosque located in Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan region. It is also known as Sheikh Ahmad Mosque because it contains the tomb of Haji Kaka Ahmad, a Kurdish cleric who was known for his donations of food to the needy.[1] The mosque was founded in 1784[2] and built in 1785[3] by the Baban Emir Ibrahim Pasha Baban, and it also contains a shrine dedicated to Mahmud Barzanji, a Kurdish leader who fought against the British occupation of Iraq.[1][2] It is regarded as the first mosque in Sulaymaniyah. Attached to the mosque building is the mausoleum for the Baban family, a powerful family of Emirs who assisted the Ottoman Empire in the Safavid-Ottoman War[4] and built the modern city of Sulaymaniyah.[5]
| Great Mosque of Sulaymaniyah | |
|---|---|
Kurdish: مزگەوتی گەورەی سلێمانی | |
 | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Sunni Islam |
| Deity | Haji Kaka Ahmad |
| Ecclesiastical or organisational status | Mosque and mausoleum |
| Status | Active |
| Location | |
| Location | Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan region  |
| Geographic coordinates | 35°33′29″N 45°26′26″E / 35.5580°N 45.4405°E |
| Architecture | |
| Type | Islamic architecture |
| Founder | Ibrahim Pasha Baban |
| Date established | 1784 |
| Completed | 1785 |
| Specifications | |
| Dome(s) | 2 |
| Minaret(s) | 2 |
| Site area | 6000 square metres |
| Shrine(s) | 2 |
History
editThe mosque was originally a structure made from mud brick and clay. In the years 1940, 1950, and finally, 1968, the mosque was completely rebuilt with brick, while maintaining the same layout and certain details of the original building.[2] A minaret was added to the mosque in 1880 under the orders of Sultan Abdul Hamid II.[2] Haji Kaka Ahmad opened a cafeteria next to the mosque to serve food during an economic crisis in 1820.[1] He died in 1887 and was buried in a corner of the mosque, and that corner was developed into his shrine.[6]
Architecture
edit
The mosque is entered from the northern portal which leads into the courtyard. Then, on the northern side of the mosque a long hallway is present.[2] There is also a prayer hall for the season of summer. On the left of this prayer hall is a room for religious teachers, as well as a large library that contains valuable religious books.[2] The main prayer hall of the mosque was expanded while following an architectural design in a classical Islamic style, whilst at the same time evoking the old style of the former mud brick structure, with Qur'anic verses on its facade.[2]
Next to the prayer hall is a pathway leading to the royal mausoleum of the Baban family. It is topped by a dome.[2] The tomb of Haji Kaka Ahmad and his grandson, Mahmud Barzanji, is located within the mosque in a room at one of the corners, and a zarih is built around his grave.[2]
Usage
editThe mosque is still used for daily prayers. The cafeteria in the mosque is still active, and it serves meals to those in need.[1] It also serves food for iftar during the holy month of Ramadan.[1] Currently, the mosque is supervised by Muhammad Shaykh Salar, who is a grandson of Haji Kaka Ahmad.[1]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d e f بابان, صلاح حسن. "تأسس قبل أكثر من قرنين ويقدم الطعام لآلاف الأشخاص .. جامع السليمانية بالعراق بيت للفقراء وعابري السبيل". الجزيرة نت (in Arabic). Retrieved 2023-11-22.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "الجامع الكبير في السـليمانية.. شاهد على تاريخها". www.pukmedia.com (in Arabic). Retrieved 2023-11-22.
- ^ "Great Mosque of Sulaimani | Unbelievable Kurdistan - Official Tourism Site of Kurdistan". bot.gov.krd. Retrieved 2023-11-22.
- ^ Behn (1988).
- ^ Atmaca (2012).
- ^ "السليمانية...قصيدة سحر وجمال لاتنتهي أبياتها". alsabaah.iq. 6 March 2014. Archived from the original on 6 September 2017. Retrieved 2023-11-22.[better source needed]
Works cited
edit- Atmaca, Metin (2012). "Bābān". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (3rd ed.). Brill Online. ISSN 1873-9830.
- Behn, W. (1988), BĀBĀN, vol. III, Encyclopedia Iranica