Gertrud Bien (1881–1940) was an Austrian pediatrician and one of the first female medical students in the Austrian Empire, in Europe and globally. She was the first female medical assistant to a university professor of medicine, working with the anatomist Emil Zuckerkandl.[1]
Life and career
editGertrud Bien was born on 3 April 1881 in Vienna to the Lemberg (Lviv) based lawyer Friedrich Bien (1844–1913) and the Leipzig native Gisela Wittner (c. 1856–1920). Bien was one of the first female students of medicine l. She graduated in 1906 with an M.D. from the University of Vienna.[2] The famous anatomist Emil Zuckerkandl, Berta Zuckerkandl's husband, made Bien in 1906 the first female assistant doctor in all of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire and, according to Berta's memoires, "in all of Europe".[3]
Anschluss, emigration and death
editBy virtue of Biel's Jewish heritage and her prominent standing in the City of Vienna social-democratic public health reforms led by Dr Julius Tandler, Bien was one of those doctors that were designated enemies by the Nazi regime. Biel was politically active in women's rights questions,[4] which is likely a contributing factor for her forced retirement, four years before Anschluss at age 52 by the Austro-fascist Dollfuß/Schschnigg governments.[5][6]
References
edit- ^ Zuckerkandl, Bertha (1939). Ich erlebte fünfzig Jahre Weltgeschichte. Stockholm : Bermann-Fischer. p. 166.
- ^ University Archives Vienna, Rektorat, Med. Fakultät, Rigorosen- und Promotionsprotokolle, Sign. 190-0505, Bien Gertrud (Promotion Datum 22.12.1906).
- ^ Zuckerkandl, Bertha (1939). Ich erlebte fünfzig Jahre Weltgeschichte. Stockholm : Bermann-Fischer. p. 167.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ "Aus den medizinhistorischen Beständen der Ub MedUni Wien [184]: Bien, Gertrud – Kinderärztin am Karolinen-Kinderspital und Primarärztin an der Städtischen Kinderübernahmestelle in Wien | VAN SWIETEN BLOG – Infos und News" (in German). 2022-08-22. Retrieved 2024-11-04.
- ^ "Aus den medizinhistorischen Beständen der Ub MedUni Wien [184]: Bien, Gertrud – Kinderärztin am Karolinen-Kinderspital und Primarärztin an der Städtischen Kinderübernahmestelle in Wien | VAN SWIETEN BLOG – Infos und News" (in German). 2022-08-22. Retrieved 2024-09-22.
- ^ The decree of forced retirement from 1934 can be found here: https://www.geni.com/people/Dr-Gertrud-Bien/6000000020919409085