The German Right Party (German: Deutsche Rechtspartei, DRP) was a far-right political party that emerged in the British zone of Allied-occupied Germany after the Second World War.
German Right Party Deutsche Rechtspartei | |
|---|---|
| Founded | 27 June 1946 |
| Dissolved | 21 January 1950 |
| Preceded by | DNVP (factions) |
| Merged into | German Reich Party (majority) German Party (minority) |
| Ideology | National conservatism[1] |
| Political position | Far-right[1] |
Also known as the Deutsche Konservative Partei - Deutsche Rechtspartei (the party used both names, varying the name used between different Länder, but had no direct links to the pre-World War I German Conservative Party), the initially national-conservative party formed in June 1946 through a merger of three smaller groups — the Deutsche Konservative Partei, the Deutsche Aufbaupartei of the Völkisch politician Reinhold Wulle and the Deutsche Bauern- und Landvolk Partei.[2] Its manifesto was in large parts authored by Hans Zehrer (1899–1966).
Originally intended as a continuation of the Weimar-era German National People's Party (DNVP) of 1918–1933, the DRP soon attracted a number of former Nazis[3] and its programme changed towards a more neo-Nazi stance,[4][need quotation to verify] while many moderate members left to join the German Party (DP). Ahead of the 1949 federal elections to the first Bundestag, the party attempted a fusion with DP and the Hessian Nationaldemokratische Partei (not to be confused with the current homonymous party, formed in 1964), but the British administration responded that they would refuse to grant a license to such a party, so the party instead merged with the Gemeinschaft unabhängiger Deutscher (GuD) which members included former Nazis like Fritz Dorls, Gerhard Krüger and Fritz Rössler (alias Dr. Franz Richter), who became notorious for his radical positions.[5] At the federal elections at the time, the 5% hurdle applied only to the states, not nationwide — in Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg and NRW the party remained under 2%, but in Lower Saxony, it received 8.1% of the vote, that entitled it to five seats;[2] its deputies were Dorls, Rössler/Richter, Adolf von Thadden, Heinz Frommhold (1906–1979) and Herwart Miessner (1911–2002). The party was the strongest in mid-sized Lower Saxonian cities, like Wilhelmshaven (31.5%), Gifhorn (30.7%), Emden (26.3%), Hameln (25.3%), Salzgitter (23.6%), Helmstedt (20.8%) and Hildesheim (17.3%).[6] The party's strongest direct constituency was Wilhelmshaven – Friesland, where the party's candidate was former Kriegsmarine Sea Captain (Kapitän zur See) Walter Mulsow, the Wilhelmshaven fortress commander in 1945.[7] However, with 23.7% of the vote, he came second after SPD's Johann Cramer (32.6%) and was not elected on the party list.[8]
Despite its electoral success, the DRP was weakened that same year when the Socialist Reich Party (Sozialistische Reichspartei, SRP) formed (2 October 1949) and a number of members who supported Otto Ernst Remer and Gerhard Krüger left to join the more openly neo-Nazi party.[9] Indeed, the group lost two of its deputies — Rössler and Fritz Dorls — to this more extreme party upon its foundation.[10] The DRP did however gain one deputy when the Wirtschaftliche Aufbau-Vereinigung (a group of disparate figures who supported the demagogic Munich lawyer Alfred Loritz) disintegrated in the early 1950s.[11] Within the Bundestag, the DRP began to work closely with a number of minor groups on the far right, such as the National Democrats (a minor group that should not be confused with the later National Democratic Party of Germany). Between 1950 and 1951, the remaining DRP MPs who supported Fritz Rössler sought to merge with these groups in order to form a larger grouping, which resulted in the creation of the Deutsche Reichspartei[12] in January 1950. Rössler had to vacate his party offices due to his contacts with SRP chairmen, he joined the Socialist Reich Party in September 1950.
Although effectively defunct, the DRP became the subject of a report produced by the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany in the context of the banning of the SRP in 1952. The report claimed that the DRP had actively tried to organize members of earlier right-wing groups, but no action ensued, as the party had ceased to exist.[13] A few members who had not joined the Deutsche Reichspartei continued as "National Rightists" (Nationale Rechte) and finally aligned themselves with the Free Democratic Party in 1954.
Election results
editFederal parliament (Bundestag)
edit| Election | Leader | Constituency | Party list | Seats | +/– | Government | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Votes | % | |||||
| 1949 | 429,031 | 1.81 (#10) | 5 / 402
|
Opposition | ||||
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Stone, Jon (24 September 2017). "German elections: Far-right wins MPs for first time in half a century". The Independent. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
- ^ a b D. Childs, 'The Far-Right in Germany since 1945', L. Cheles, R. Ferguson & M. Vaughan, Neo-Fascism in Europe, Harlow: Longman, 1992, p. 70
- ^
Compare:
Eatwell, Roger (1995). Fascism: A History (2 ed.). London: Chatto & Windus. p. 220. ISBN 9780701161880. Retrieved 14 May 2023.
Initially based on part of Alfred Hugenberg's old authoritarian-conservative German People's Nationalist Party (DNVP), it had quickly attracted many former Nazis.
- ^ R. Eatwell, Fascism: A History, London: Pimlico, 2003, p. 277
- ^
Kellerhoff, Sven Felix (20 February 2012). "Als ein NS-Funktionär Bundestagsabgeordneter wurde" [When a Nazi functionary became a member of the Bundestag]. Kultur. Welt. Retrieved 14 May 2023.
[...] am 20. Juli 1951 wurde er wegen der Beleidigung von vier Ministern der niedersächsischen Landesregierung zu vier Monaten Gefängnis verurteilt. [...] Mitte November 1951 hielt 'Richter' dann die erste antisemitische Rede, die im Bundestag geschwungen wurde. Parlamentspräsident Hermann Ehlers beendete die Philippika gegen das erste deutsch-israelische Abkommen mit einem Ordnungsruf.
- ^ Hirsch, Kurt (1979). Die heimatlose Rechte. Goldmann Taschenbuch (in German) (1st ed.). Munich: Wilhelm Goldmann Verlag. p. 172. ISBN 978-3442112647.
- ^ "Soldatenleben hinter mir". Der Spiegel (in German). 1949-12-28. ISSN 2195-1349. Retrieved 2024-01-28.
- ^ "Bundestag election 1949 - The Federal Returning Officer". www.bundeswahlleiterin.de. Retrieved 2024-01-28.
- ^ Childs, 'The Far-Right in Germany', p. 71
- ^ Alfred Grosser, Germany in Our Time, Penguin Books, 1971, p. 212
- ^ Alfred Grosser, Germany in Our Time, pp. 252-253
- ^ Eatwell, Fascism: A History, p. 279
- ^ Karl Dietrich Bracher, The German Dictatorship, Harmondworth: Penguin, 1973, p. 579