George Pepper (December 1, 1913 – December 14, 1969), known also as George P. Werker was a blacklisted Hollywood organizer and producer who collaborated with the Spanish film director Luis Buñuel and writer Hugo Butler.
George Pepper | |
|---|---|
 Film Producer George Pepper, Gift of Cleo Trumbo | |
| Born | George Pepper December 1, 1913 Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Died | December 14, 1969 (aged 56) Mexico City, Mexico |
| Occupation | Producer and Hollywood Organizer |
| Spouses | Joy Pepper ne.Darwin (1920-2017;) Jeanette Pepper (1918–2016;) |
| Children | |
Early life
editSon of William Pepper and Sophie Werker, George Pepper was a violin child prodigy making headlines for soloing with adult symphony orchestras....[1][2][3][4] At age four, along with his older brother Jack, he raised money to construct the Hollywood Bowl by playing the violin, and both boys names were inscribed in the amphitheater's seats.[5]
In 1925, at age 12, Pepper received a scholarship to the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia to study with the violinist Carl Flesch. Later he continued his studies with Leopold Auer and Efrem Zimbalist, until his playing career was cut short by a repetitive stress nerve condition in his left hand at age 24.[6]
Career
editHollywood organizer
editDuring the 1940s, Pepper became secretary of the Hollywood Democratic Committee[7][8] and the Hollywood Independent Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences, and Professions (HICCASP). According to Larry Ceplair and Steven Englund's book The Inquisition in Hollywood, during Pepper's term as executive secretary, membership skyrocketed, and the HICCASP became "the major outpost of progressivism west of the Hudson River".[9] Hollywood intellectuals and stars like Gene Kelly, Gregory Peck, Dalton Trumbo, and Orson Welles worked with the organization to improve the rights, conditions, and pay of industry workers across the country.
Blacklisting
editHICCASP was targeted by the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) during McCarthyism. Thousands of radical and progressive workers, including Pepper and his wife Jeanette, were blacklisted as "potential communists," which meant their termination or exclusion from their profession.[10] On April 25, 1951, film director Edward Dmytryk appeared before HUAC as a friendly witness and named Pepper as a communist. Jeannette Pepper was subsequently named by writer Stanley Roberts on May 20, 1952.[11]
Film producer
editIn Spring of 1951, George and Jeanette Pepper fled to Mexico to dodge a subpoena from the Tenney Committee, California's subcommittee of HUAC. In Mexico, Pepper created Producciones Olmec and met Spanish filmmaker Luis Buñuel.[12] He introduced Buñuel to the blacklisted screenwriter Hugo Butler. Then, working under the alias George P. Werker, Pepper produced Butler's scripts for The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe (1954), Torero (1956), The Little Giants (1958), and The Young One (La joven, 1960)[13]
Collector
editPepper also became one of the foremost authorities and collectors of Pre-Columbian artifacts,[14] with his name displayed as donor of many important works in the National Museum of anthropology in Mexico City.[15] In Mexico City, Pepper met Fred Vanderbilt Field and Nieves Orozco who introduced him to artist Miguel Covarrubias. Covarrubias traded some of his paintings and Balinese textiles for Pepper's pre-Columbian, and Pepper photographed the now disappeared Olmec Notebooks of Miguel Covarrubias [16]
Pepper is survived by his daughter, author and educator Margot Eve Pepper[17][18] and grandson, Rafael Pepper-Clarke, also a journalist, since age 7[19]
Selected filmography
edit- The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe (1954) directed by Luis Buñuel
- Torero! (1956), directed by Carlos Velo
- Los pequeños gigantes (1958), directed by Hugo Butler
- La joven (The Young One, 1960) directed by Luis Buñuel
References
edit- ^ "The Record". March 5, 1923.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ "The Record". June 16, 1923.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ "Los Angeles Evening Herald". March 5, 1923.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ "Hollywood Daily Citizen". February 28, 1925.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ "Overture". January 1970: 8.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ "George Pepper". Overture: 8. January 1970.
- ^ "Hollywood Democratic Committee". Archived from the original on 29 September 2017. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
- ^ "Hollywood Democratic Committee | wcftr.commarts.wisc.edu". wcftr.commarts.wisc.edu. Archived from the original on 2017-12-14. Retrieved 2017-11-09.
- ^ Ceplair, Larry; Englund, Steven (1983). The Inquisition in Hollywood: Politics in the Film Community, 1930-1960. University of California Press. p. 473. ISBN 9780520048867.
george pepper.
- ^ Rouverol, Jean (2000). Refugees from Hollywood: A Journal of the Blacklist Years. University of New Mexico Press. ISBN 9780826322661.
george pepper.
- ^ Vaughn, Robert (1972). Only Victims: A Study of Show Business Blacklisting. Hal Leonard Corporation. ISBN 9780879100810.
- ^ Lev, Peter (2003). Transforming the Screen, 1950-1959. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520249660.
- ^ Schreiber, Rebecca Mina (2008). Cold War Exiles in Mexico: U.S. Dissidents and the Culture of Critical Resistance. U of Minnesota Press. ISBN 9780816643073.
- ^ Rouverol, Jean (2000). Refugees from Hollywood: A Journal of the Blacklist Years. University of New Mexico Press. ISBN 9780826322661.
george pepper.
- ^ "International Directory of Arts": 918.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Coe, Michael D. Olmec Notebooks of Miguel Covarrubias (PDF). Mesoweb Publications.
- ^ "Freedom Voices Publishers". Archived from the original on 2017-11-24. Retrieved 2017-11-15.
- ^ "Dogtown's Z Girl". 13 November 2015.
- ^ "The Little Giants". ZNet.