Wikipedia

Garfield, New Jersey

Garfield is a city in Bergen County in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the city's population was 32,655,[11][12] an increase of 2,168 (+7.1%) from the 2010 census count of 30,487,[21][22] which in turn reflected an increase of 701 (+2.4%) from the 29,786 counted in the 2000 census.[23]

Garfield, New Jersey
City
Dahnert's Lake County Park, located in the center of the city
Dahnert's Lake County Park, located in the center of the city
Official seal of Garfield, New Jersey
Seal
Nickname: 
"City of Champions"[1]
Location of Garfield in Bergen County highlighted in red (left). Inset map: Location of Bergen County in New Jersey highlighted in orange (right).
Location of Garfield in Bergen County highlighted in red (left). Inset map: Location of Bergen County in New Jersey highlighted in orange (right).
Census Bureau map of Garfield, New Jersey
Census Bureau map of Garfield, New Jersey
Garfield is located in Bergen County, New Jersey
Garfield
Garfield
Location in Bergen County
Garfield is located in New Jersey
Garfield
Garfield
Location in New Jersey
Garfield is located in the United States
Garfield
Garfield
Location in the United States
Coordinates: 40°52′47″N 74°06′30″W / 40.879797°N 74.10825°W / 40.879797; -74.10825[2][3]
Country United States
State New Jersey
CountyBergen
IncorporatedMarch 15, 1898 (as Borough)
April 19, 1917 (as City)
Named forJames Garfield
Government
[8]
 • Type1923 Municipal Manager Law
 • BodyCity Council
 • MayorRichard Rigoglioso (term ends December 31, 2024)[4][5]
 • ManagerErin Nora Delaney[6]
 • Municipal clerkErin Nora Delaney[7]
Area
[9]
 • Total
2.19 sq mi (5.67 km2)
 • Land2.11 sq mi (5.47 km2)
 • Water0.08 sq mi (0.21 km2)  3.65%
 • Rank395th of 565 in state
45th of 70 in county[2]
Elevation
[10]
98 ft (30 m)
Population
 (2020)[11][12]
 • Total
32,655
 • Estimate 
(2023)[11][13]
32,456
 • Rank71st of 565 in state
5th of 70 in county[14]
 • Density15,469.0/sq mi (5,972.6/km2)
  • Rank18th of 565 in state
5th of 70 in county[14]
Time zoneUTC−05:00 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC−04:00 (Eastern (EDT))
ZIP Code
07026[15][16]
Area code(s)973[17]
FIPS code3400325770[18][19]
GNIS feature ID0876557[20]
Websitewww.garfieldnj.org
Bird's-eye view of Garfield New Jersey, image from memory.loc.gov
Post Ford at River Drive and Columbus Avenue – Revolutionary War Monument

History

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Long the home of the Lenape, Native Americans, European settlement in the area that would become Garfield dates back to 1679, when Jacques Cortelyou acquired more than 5,000 acres (2,000 ha) of land surrounding the Passaic River known as "Acqueyquinonke", that ran from the Saddle River to present day Glen Rock.[24]

When the area that is now Garfield was first developed in 1873 with an initial group of seven homes constructed by Gilbert D. Bogart, it was known as East Passaic.[24]

In 1881, the community's name was changed to Garfield in honor of President of the United States James Garfield.[25][26][27] There are two explanations given for the circumstances behind the renaming. According to one, shortly after Garfield was elected to the presidency the founder of East Passaic said, "tell everyone...don't speak of East Passaic anymore; call it 'Garfield' after the man who will lead this great country to prosperity." Seven months later, President Garfield was assassinated but his name remained with the community.[28] The second theory holds that after Garfield's death in 1881, a new train station was named in his honor, which in turn led to the surrounding area becoming associated with his name as well.[29]

Garfield was originally incorporated as a borough on March 15, 1898, from portions of Saddle River Township and Wallington. At the time, the New Jersey Legislature set Garfield's boundaries as they exist today. On April 19, 1917, the borough became the City of Garfield, based on the results of a referendum held two days earlier.[30]

Geography

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According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 2.19 square miles (5.67 km2), including 2.11 square miles (5.47 km2) of land and 0.08 square miles (0.21 km2) of water (3.65%).[2][3]

Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Belmont, Bogart Heights, Dundee Dam and Plauderville.[31]

The city has land borders with adjacent Elmwood Park, Lodi, Saddle Brook and South Hackensack. The Saddle River is a shared border with Wallington. There are three bridges over the Passaic River crossing the municipal and county line to Passaic and Clifton in Passaic County.[32][33][34]

Environment

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The United States Environmental Protection Agency has identified Garfield as the site of groundwater contaminated hexavalent chromium from a spill in 1983 at the E.C. Electroplating Corporation site. In 2016, the EPA announced a $37 million project to cleanup contamination at the site using Superfund money, as the company responsible for the spill of 3,600 US gallons (14,000 L; 3,000 imp gal) of chromic acid is no longer in business.[35][36][37]

Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18901,028—
19003,504240.9%
191010,213191.5%
192019,38189.8%
193029,73953.4%
194028,044−5.7%
195027,550−1.8%
196029,2536.2%
197030,7975.3%
198026,803−13.0%
199026,727−0.3%
200029,78611.4%
201030,4872.4%
202032,6557.1%
2023 (est.)32,456[11][13]−0.6%
Population sources:
1890–1920[38] 1880–1890[39]
1890–1930[40] 1900–2020[41][42]
2000[43][44]
2010[21][22] 2020[11][12]

Based on data from the 2011–2015 American Community Survey, the city had a median age of 35.4, the lowest median age in the county. Garfield was one of four municipalities with a median age below the national and state average of 37.6, and well below the median age of 41.5 in Bergen County.[45]

The borough is also home to the architecturally prominent Russian Orthodox Church of Three Saints, which serves the growing Ukrainian American community in western Bergen County.[46]

2010 census

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The 2010 United States census counted 30,487 people, 11,073 households, and 7,718 families in the city. The population density was 14,524.8 per square mile (5,608.1/km2). There were 11,788 housing units at an average density of 5,616.1 per square mile (2,168.4/km2). The racial makeup was 76.73% (23,393) White, 6.50% (1,981) Black or African American, 0.43% (132) Native American, 2.22% (678) Asian, 0.01% (2) Pacific Islander, 10.85% (3,307) from other races, and 3.26% (994) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 32.24% (9,830) of the population.[21]

Of the 11,073 households, 33.4% had children under the age of 18; 45.2% were married couples living together; 17.8% had a female householder with no husband present and 30.3% were non-families. Of all households, 24.7% were made up of individuals and 9.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.75 and the average family size was 3.29.[21]

23.3% of the population were under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 30.9% from 25 to 44, 25.4% from 45 to 64, and 11.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35.5 years. For every 100 females, the population had 91.3 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 89.0 males.[21]

The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $51,407 (with a margin of error of +/− $1,842) and the median family income was $56,701 (+/− $5,020). Males had a median income of $42,927 (+/− $1,953) versus $33,231 (+/− $3,471) for females. The per capita income for the city was $24,022 (+/− $1,348). About 9.8% of families and 13.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.0% of those under age 18 and 16.2% of ages 65 years or over.[47]

Same-sex couples headed 68 households in 2010.[48]

2000 census

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As of the 2000 United States census[18] there were 29,786 people, 11,250 households, and 7,425 families residing in the city. The population density was 13,976.0 inhabitants per square mile (5,396.2/km2). There were 11,698 housing units at an average density of 5,488.8 per square mile (2,119.2/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 82.11% White, 2.98% African American, 0.33% Native American, 2.69% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 8.10% from other races, and 3.79% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 20.11% of the population.[43][44]

There were 11,250 households, out of which 30.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.5% were married couples living together, 13.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.0% were non-families. 27.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 3.26.[43][44]

In the city the age distribution of the population shows 22.4% under the age of 18, 9.6% from 18 to 24, 33.2% from 25 to 44, 20.8% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.0 males.[43][44]

The median income for a household in the city was $42,748, and the median income for a family was $51,654. Males had a median income of $35,987 versus $26,896 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,530. About 6.4% of families and 7.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.1% of those under age 18 and 8.1% of those age 65 or over.[43][44]

As of the 2000 Census, an adjusted 22.9% of Garfield's population reported Polish ancestry, ranked third highest in New Jersey behind Manville (23.1%) and neighboring Wallington (45.5%).[49][50]

Government

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Local government

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The City of Garfield operates under the 1923 Municipal Manager Law of New Jersey municipal government, with a governing body comprised of a five-member Council, who appoint a City Manager. Council members are elected at-large in non-partisan elections to serve four-year terms on a concurrent basis.[8][51] The city is one of seven municipalities (of the 564) statewide that use this form of government.[52] In November 2015, following a referendum that supported the move by a 3-1 margin, the City Council voted to shift the city's municipal elections from May to November, citing hopes for greater voter participation and potential savings of $50,000 for each election; the shift result in the extension of terms for the then-serving council and municipal manager by six months, to the end of December 2016. The most recent municipal election was held on November 8, 2016, together with the presidential election.[53][54][55]

At a reorganization meeting held after each election, the Council selects one of its members to be the Mayor and another to serve as Deputy Mayor. The day-to-day operation of the city is carried out under the supervision of the appointed department heads, who report to the City Manager.

As of 2024, members of the Garfield City Council are Mayor Richard Rigoglioso, Deputy Mayor Joseph Delaney, Alejandina Banch, Romi Herrera and Pawel Maslag, all serving concurrent terms of office that end December 31, 2024.[4][56][57][58][59]

In July 2021, the city council appointed Alejandina Banch to fill the council seat that had been held by Erin Nora Delaney until she stepped down to take office as the city manager / clerk, succeeding Thomas Duch, who had been appointed as the administrator of Bergen County.[60] Banch served on an interim basis until the November 2021 general election, when she was elected to serve the balance of the term of office.[58]

Federal, state and county representation

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Garfield is located in the 9th Congressional District[61] and is part of New Jersey's 35th state legislative district.[62]

For the 118th United States Congress, New Jersey's 9th congressional district was represented by Bill Pascrell (D, Paterson) until his death in August 2024.[63][64] New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker (Newark, term ends 2027) and Andy Kim (Moorestown, term ends 2031).[65][66]

For the 2024-2025 session, the 35th legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Nellie Pou (D, North Haledon) and in the General Assembly by Shavonda E. Sumter (D, Paterson) and Benjie Wimberly (D, Paterson).[67]

Bergen County is governed by a directly elected County Executive, with legislative functions performed by a Board of County Commissioners composed of seven members who are elected at-large to three-year terms in partisan elections on a staggered basis, with either two or three seats coming up for election each November; a Chairman and Vice Chairman are selected from among its seven members at a reorganization meeting held every January. As of 2024, the county executive is James J. Tedesco III (D, Paramus), whose four-year term of office ends December 31, 2026.[68]

Bergen County's Commissioners are: Thomas J. Sullivan Jr. (D, Montvale, 2025),[69] Chair Germaine M. Ortiz (D, Emerson, 2025),[70] Joan Voss (D, Fort Lee, 2026),[71] Vice Chair Mary J. Amoroso (D, Mahwah, 2025),[72] Rafael Marte (D, Bergenfield, 2026),[73] Steven A. Tanelli (D, North Arlington, 2024)[74] and Tracy Silna Zur (D, Franklin Lakes, 2024).[75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82]

Bergen County's constitutional officials are: Clerk John S. Hogan (D, Northvale, 2026),[83][84] Sheriff Anthony Cureton (D, Englewood, 2024)[85][86] and Surrogate Michael R. Dressler (D, Cresskill, 2026).[87][88][78][89]

Politics

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Macedonian and American flags on the streets in Garfield, New Jersey on Macedonian Independence Day.

As of March 2011, there were a total of 11,904 registered voters in Garfield, of which 3,958 (33.2% vs. 31.7% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 1,395 (11.7% vs. 21.1%) were registered as Republicans and 6,541 (54.9% vs. 47.1%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 10 voters registered as Libertarians or Greens.[90] Among the city's 2010 Census population, 39.0% (vs. 57.1% in Bergen County) were registered to vote, including 50.9% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 73.7% countywide).[90][91]

In the 2016 presidential election, Democrat Hillary Clinton received 5,477 votes (57.3% vs. 54.2% countywide), ahead of Republican Donald Trump with 3,782 votes (39.6% vs. 41.1%) and other candidates with 299 votes (3.1% vs. 4.6%), among the 9,690 ballots cast by the city's 14,816 registered voters, for a turnout of 65.4% (vs. 72.5% in Bergen County).[92] In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 5,538 votes (67.1% vs. 54.8% countywide), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 2,540 votes (30.8% vs. 43.5%) and other candidates with 96 votes (1.2% vs. 0.9%), among the 8,256 ballots cast by the city's 13,183 registered voters, for a turnout of 62.6% (vs. 70.4% in Bergen County).[93][94] In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 5,138 votes (59.7% vs. 53.9% countywide), ahead of Republican John McCain with 3,315 votes (38.5% vs. 44.5%) and other candidates with 68 votes (0.8% vs. 0.8%), among the 8,613 ballots cast by the city's 13,013 registered voters, for a turnout of 66.2% (vs. 76.8% in Bergen County).[95][96] In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 4,804 votes (57.8% vs. 51.7% countywide), ahead of Republican George W. Bush with 3,394 votes (40.9% vs. 47.2%) and other candidates with 66 votes (0.8% vs. 0.7%), among the 8,305 ballots cast by the city's 12,665 registered voters, for a turnout of 65.6% (vs. 76.9% in the whole county).[97]

In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 50.4% of the vote (1,960 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 48.0% (1,865 votes), and other candidates with 1.6% (63 votes), among the 3,960 ballots cast by the city's 12,609 registered voters (72 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 31.4%.[98][99] In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Democrat Jon Corzine received 2,428 ballots cast (54.1% vs. 48.0% countywide), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 1,796 votes (40.0% vs. 45.8%), Independent Chris Daggett with 203 votes (4.5% vs. 4.7%) and other candidates with 27 votes (0.6% vs. 0.5%), among the 4,490 ballots cast by the city's 12,282 registered voters, yielding a 36.6% turnout (vs. 50.0% in the county).[100]

Education

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The Garfield Public Schools serve students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade.[101][102] The district is one of 31 former Abbott districts statewide that were established pursuant to the decision by the New Jersey Supreme Court in Abbott v. Burke[103] which are now referred to as "SDA Districts" based on the requirement for the state to cover all costs for school building and renovation projects in these districts under the supervision of the New Jersey Schools Development Authority.[104][105]

As of the 2020–21 school year, the district, comprised of 12 schools, had an enrollment of 4,713 students and 438.1 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.8:1.[106] Schools in the district (with 2020–21 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics[107]) are Garfield Early Childhood Learning Center[108] (178 students; in Pre-K), Garfield Public Preschool Annex[109] (95; Pre-K), Garfield Public Preschool Annex 3[110] (159; Pre-K), Washington Irving School #4[111] (382; K–5), Woodrow Wilson School #5[112] (280; K–5), Abraham Lincoln Elementary School #6[113] (365; Pre-K–5), Theodore Roosevelt School #7[114] (273; K–5), Christopher Columbus School #8[115] (306; K–5), Thomas Jefferson School #9[116] (295; K–5), James Madison School #10[117] (245; K–5), Garfield Middle School[118] (989; 6–8) and Garfield High School[119] (1,159; 9–12).[120][121]

Public school students from the city, and all of Bergen County, are eligible to attend the secondary education programs offered by the Bergen County Technical Schools, which include the Bergen County Academies in Hackensack, and the Bergen Tech campus in Teterboro or Paramus. The district offers programs on a shared-time or full-time basis, with admission based on a selective application process and tuition covered by the student's home school district.[122][123]

Bergen Arts and Science Charter School, which opened in September 2006, serves public school students in the district, as well as those from Hackensack and Lodi.[124] The elementary (grades K–3) and middle (4–8) school facilities are located in Garfield, while the high school (9–12) is in Hackensack.[125] As of the 2018–19 school year, the charter school had an enrollment of 1,163 students and 83.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 14.0:1.[126]

Emergency services

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Police

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The Garfield Police Department (GPD) provides emergency and protective services to the city of Garfield. The GPD consists of 66 sworn officers.[127]

Fire

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The Garfield Fire Department (GFD) is a fully volunteer fire department.[128] The GFD was organized on July 17, 1893.[129] The department is staffed by 150 fully trained firefighters operating out of five firehouses. The department has three engine companies, one rescue engine company and one ladder(tiller) company. In addition they have a hazardous materials unit, a water rescue boat and a foam tender.[130]

Transportation

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U.S. Route 46 eastbound in Garfield

Roads and highways

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As of May 2010, the city had a total of 49.24 miles (79.24 km) of roadways, of which 42.67 miles (68.67 km) were maintained by the municipality, 6.44 miles (10.36 km) by Bergen County and 0.13 miles (0.21 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.[131]

U.S. Route 46 and County Route 507 pass through Garfield. Other main roads include Midland Avenue, Outwater Lane, River Drive and Passaic Street. There are five crossings of the Lower Passaic River.

Public transportation

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Both the Garfield station[132] and the Plauderville station, located on the Saddle Brook border,[133] are served by NJ Transit's Bergen County Line, providing service to Hoboken Terminal, with transfers available at Secaucus Junction to Penn Station in Midtown Manhattan and to most of NJ Transit's other train lines.[134]

NJ Transit buses serving Garfield include routes 160 and 161 serving the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan, and local service on routes 702, 707, 709 and 758.[135][136]

Notable people

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See also: Category:People from Garfield, New Jersey

People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Garfield include:

Sources

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References

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  1. ^ Kuperinsky, Amy. "'The Jewel of the Meadowlands'?: N.J.'s best, worst and weirdest town slogans", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, January 22, 2015. Accessed July 12, 2016. "Garfield, a city spanning two square miles on the Passaic River, is 'The City of Champions' because of some athletic feats from the distant past — including a championship by the 1939 high school football team."
  2. ^ a b c 2019 Census Gazetteer Files: New Jersey Places, United States Census Bureau. Accessed July 1, 2020.
  3. ^ a b US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.
  4. ^ a b Directory, City of Garfield. Accessed June 4, 2024.
  5. ^ 2023 New Jersey Mayors Directory, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs, updated February 8, 2023. Accessed February 10, 2023.
  6. ^ City Manager's Office, City of Garfield. Accessed June 4, 2024.
  7. ^ City Clerk's Office, City of Garfield. Accessed June 4, 2024.
  8. ^ a b 2012 New Jersey Legislative District Data Book, Rutgers University Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, March 2013, p. 154.
  9. ^ "ArcGIS REST Services Directory". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 11, 2022.
  10. ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: City of Garfield, Geographic Names Information System. Accessed March 5, 2013.
  11. ^ a b c d e QuickFacts Garfield city, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed January 4, 2023.
  12. ^ a b c Total Population: Census 2010 - Census 2020 New Jersey Municipalities, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed December 1, 2022.
  13. ^ a b Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Minor Civil Divisions in New Jersey: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023, United States Census Bureau, released May 2024. Accessed May 16, 2024.
  14. ^ a b Population Density by County and Municipality: New Jersey, 2020 and 2021, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed March 1, 2023.
  15. ^ Look Up a ZIP Code for Garfield, NJ, United States Postal Service. Accessed August 29, 2011.
  16. ^ Zip Codes, State of New Jersey. Accessed August 15, 2013.
  17. ^ Area Code Lookup - NPA NXX for Garfield, NJ, Area-Codes.com. Accessed December 7, 2013.
  18. ^ a b U.S. Census website, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.
  19. ^ Geographic Codes Lookup for New Jersey, Missouri Census Data Center. Accessed April 1, 2022.
  20. ^ US Board on Geographic Names, United States Geological Survey. Accessed September 4, 2014.
  21. ^ a b c d e DP-1 - Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 for Garfield city, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed March 5, 2013.
  22. ^ a b Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2010 for Garfield city Archived 2012-03-19 at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed March 5, 2013.
  23. ^ Table 7. Population for the Counties and Municipalities in New Jersey: 1990, 2000 and 2010, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, February 2011. Accessed May 1, 2023.
  24. ^ a b About, City of Garfield. Accessed June 26, 2022. "Gilbert D. Bogart is often credited as having been the founder of 'modern day' Garfield. When seven houses were constructed in 1873 between Monroe Street and Van Winkle Avenue, the area became known as 'East Passaic'."
  25. ^ Hutchinson, Viola L. The Origin of New Jersey Place Names, New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed August 31, 2015.
  26. ^ Gannett, Henry. The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States, p. 198. United States Government Printing Office, 1905. Accessed August 31, 2015.
  27. ^ Herman, Jennifer New Jersey Encyclopedia, p. 279. State History Publications, 2008. ISBN 9781878592446. Accessed August 31, 2015.
  28. ^ Lanza, Howard D. Garfield, p. 10. Arcadia Publishing, 2002. ISBN 9780738510507. Accessed August 29, 2017. "On the fay following the inauguration of Pres. James A. Garfield, Bogart boasted, "Don't speak of East Passaic anymore, call it 'Garfield' after the man who will lead this great country to prosperity.'"
  29. ^ History of Garfield, City of Garfield. Accessed August 29, 2017. "Gilbert D. Bogart is often credited as having been the founder of "modern day" Garfield. When seven houses were constructed in 1873 between Monroe Street and Van Winkle Avenue, the area became known as 'East Passaic'....In 1881, a railroad shortcut, the Bergen County Railroad, was laid and a station built and called Garfield after President James A. Garfield who died that year."
  30. ^ Snyder, John P. The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 78. Accessed October 25, 2012.
  31. ^ Locality Search, State of New Jersey. Accessed May 21, 2015.
  32. ^ Areas touching Garfield, MapIt. Accessed March 25, 2020.
  33. ^ Bergen County Map of Municipalities, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed March 25, 2020.
  34. ^ New Jersey Municipal Boundaries, New Jersey Department of Transportation. Accessed November 15, 2019.
  35. ^ Garfield Chromium Ground Water Contamination, United States Environmental Protection Agency, May 2014. Accessed August 29, 2017.
  36. ^ Incidence of Selected Cancer Types in the Neighborhood near the Garfield Ground Water Contamination Site (a/k/a E.C. Electroplating Corporation), New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services, October 17, 2011. Accessed August 29, 2017.
  37. ^ Na, Myles. "EPA has $37M plan for North Jersey chromium cleanup, but no money", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, September 21, 2016. Accessed February 6, 2017. "The federal Environmental Protection Agency on Tuesday finalized a plan to clean up groundwater contaminated with chromium from a former electroplating plant on Clark Street, though it still lacks the funds to pay finish it."
  38. ^ Compendium of censuses 1726-1905: together with the tabulated returns of 1905, New Jersey Department of State, 1906. Accessed August 15, 2013.
  39. ^ Porter, Robert Percival. Preliminary Results as Contained in the Eleventh Census Bulletins: Volume III - 51 to 75, p. 97. United States Census Bureau, 1890. Accessed August 15, 2013.
  40. ^ Fifteenth Census of the United States : 1930 - Population Volume I, United States Census Bureau, p. 710. Accessed December 13, 2011.
  41. ^ Table 6: New Jersey Resident Population by Municipality: 1940 - 2000, Workforce New Jersey Public Information Network, August 2001. Accessed May 1, 2023.
  42. ^ Historical Population Trends in Bergen County 1900-2020, Bergen County, New Jersey Department of Planning and Engineering, 2022. Accessed May 1, 2023.
  43. ^ a b c d e Census 2000 Profiles of Demographic / Social / Economic / Housing Characteristics for Garfield city, New Jersey Archived 2012-06-05 at the Wayback Machine, United States Census Bureau. Accessed March 5, 2013.
  44. ^ a b c d e DP-1: Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000 - Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data for Garfield city, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed March 5, 2013.
  45. ^ "20 towns in Bergen County with the lowest median age", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, January 8, 2017. Accessed December 24, 2019. "Towns in Bergen County are comprised of people who have higher median ages than fellow New Jerseyans, the most recent Census data shows. There were only four towns in Bergen County with lower median ages than the national and state average of 37.6, according to figures from 2005 to 2009, compared to those from 2011 to 2015.... The youngest median age in the county was in Garfield. There was no change from pre-to post-Recession in terms of age."
  46. ^ Russian Orthodox Church of Three Saints, Garfield, NJ, Moscow Patriarchate, Patriarchal Parish in the USA.
  47. ^ DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics from the 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates for Garfield city, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed January 3, 2012.
  48. ^ Lipman, Harvy; and Sheingold, Dave. "North Jersey sees 30% growth in same-sex couples", The Record, August 14, 2011, backed up by the Internet Archive as of February 4, 2013. Accessed July 9, 2014
  49. ^ Census 2000 Profiles of Demographic / Social / Economic / Housing Characteristics for Garfield city Archived 2012-06-05 at the Wayback Machine, United States Census Bureau. Accessed January 3, 2012.
  50. ^ Polish Communities Archived 2011-06-02 at the Wayback Machine, EPodunk. Accessed June 15, 2008.
  51. ^ "Forms of Municipal Government in New Jersey", p. 9. Rutgers University Center for Government Studies. Accessed June 1, 2023.
  52. ^ Inventory of Municipal Forms of Government in New Jersey, Rutgers University Center for Government Studies, July 1, 2011. Accessed June 1, 2023.
  53. ^ Cattafi, Kristie. "Council introduces ordinance to move elections in Garfield", Community News (Garfield edition), November 19, 2015, backed up by the Internet Archive as of March 5, 2016. Accessed August 29, 2017. "The council unanimously voted in favor of the ordinance after the public voted on Nov. 3, 846 to 276 for a non-binding referendum on whether to change the city council election from May to the day of the general election in November.... If adopted, the next scheduled council election will switch from May 10, 2016 to Nov. 8, 2016. The council elections will be on cycle every four years with the presidential election."
  54. ^ Cattafi, Kristie. "Ten residents seek seats during Garfield's first November election", Community News (Garfield edition), November 8, 2016. Accessed August 29, 2017. "Garfield will be holding it first November council election after the governing body approved to change the date this year."
  55. ^ Chapter 18: Elections, Municipal, Garfield City Code. Accessed August 29, 2017. "Municipal elections in the City of Garfield shall be held on the day of the general election, that is, the Tuesday after the first Monday in November."
  56. ^ 2024 Municipal Data Sheet, City of Garfield. Accessed June 4, 2024.
  57. ^ 2024 County and Municipal Directory, Bergen County, New Jersey, April 2024. Accessed April 15, 2024.
  58. ^ a b Bergen County Statement of Vote November 2, 2021 Official results, Bergen County, New Jersey, updated November 17, 2021. Accessed January 1, 2022.
  59. ^ Precinct Summary Results Report - Combined 2020 Bergen County General Election - November 3, 2020 Official Results, Bergen County, New Jersey, December 3, 2020. Accessed January 1, 2021.
  60. ^ Sobko, Katie. "Garfield hires former Deputy Mayor Erin Delaney as city manager", The Record, July 14, 2021. Accessed June 26, 2022. "Former Deputy Mayor Erin Delaney was hired as the city’s new manager on Tuesday, just a week after resigning her elected office, and only a month after the City Council repealed employment restrictions on former elected officials.... The council was also tasked with appointing a new member. It opted for Alejandina Banch, known in the city simply as 'Sugar.' She will fill the council seat vacated by Delaney until the general election this fall."
  61. ^ Plan Components Report, New Jersey Redistricting Commission, December 23, 2011. Accessed February 1, 2020.
  62. ^ Districts by Number for 2023-2031, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed September 18, 2023.
  63. ^ Directory of Representatives: New Jersey, United States House of Representatives. Accessed January 3, 2019.
  64. ^ Biography, Congressman Bill Pascrell. Accessed January 3, 2019. "A native son of Paterson, N.J., Congressman Bill Pascrell, Jr. has built a life of public service upon the principles he learned while growing up on the south side of the Silk City."
  65. ^ U.S. Sen. Cory Booker cruises past Republican challenger Rik Mehta in New Jersey, PhillyVoice. Accessed April 30, 2021. "He now owns a home and lives in Newark's Central Ward community."
  66. ^ https://www.cbsnews.com/newyork/news/andy-kim-new-jersey-senate/
  67. ^ Legislative Roster for District 35, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 20, 2024.
  68. ^ County Executive, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  69. ^ Vice Chairman Commissioner Chairman Thomas J. Sullivan, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  70. ^ Commissioner Vice Chairwoman Germaine M. Ortiz, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  71. ^ Commissioner Chair Pro Tempore Dr. Joan M. Voss, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  72. ^ Commissioner Mary J. Amoroso, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  73. ^ Cattafi, Kristie. "Democrats pick Bergenfield councilman to fill vacancy on Bergen County commissioners board", The Record, March 13, 2023. Accessed March 16, 2023. "A Democratic councilman from Bergenfield will be sworn in as a Bergen County commissioner Wednesday night, filling a vacancy on the governing body for almost 1 million residents. Rafael Marte will serve until Dec. 31, taking on the unexpired term left by former Commissioner Ramon Hache, a Democrat who resigned last week to lead the Ridgewood YMCA as its chief executive officer."
  74. ^ Commissioner Steven A. Tanelli, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  75. ^ Commissioner Tracy Silna Zur, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  76. ^ Board of County Commissioners, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  77. ^ 2022 County Data Sheet, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  78. ^ a b 2022 County and Municipal Directory, Bergen County, New Jersey, March 2022. Accessed January 30, 2023.
  79. ^ Bergen County November 8, 2022 General Election Statement of Vote, Bergen County, New Jersey Clerk, updated November 21, 2022. Accessed January 1, 2023.
  80. ^ Bergen County Statement of Vote November 2, 2021 Official results, Bergen County, New Jersey, updated November 17, 2021. Accessed January 1, 2022.
  81. ^ Precinct Summary Results Report - Combined 2020 Bergen County General Election - November 3, 2020 Official Results, Bergen County, New Jersey, December 3, 2020. Accessed January 1, 2021.
  82. ^ Bergen County November 5, 2019 General Election Statement of Vote, Bergen County, New Jersey Clerk, updated December 10, 2019. Accessed January 1, 2020.
  83. ^ About the Clerk, Bergen County Clerk. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  84. ^ Clerks, Constitutional Officers Association of New Jersey. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  85. ^ Sheriff Anthony Cureton, Bergen County Sheriff's Office. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  86. ^ Sheriffs, Constitutional Officers Association of New Jersey. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  87. ^ Michael R. Dressler, Bergen County Surrogate's Court. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  88. ^ Surrogates, Constitutional Officers Association of New Jersey. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  89. ^ Constitutional Officers, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  90. ^ a b Voter Registration Summary - Bergen, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, March 23, 2011. Accessed December 7, 2013.
  91. ^ GCT-P7: Selected Age Groups: 2010 - State -- County Subdivision; 2010 Census Summary File 1 for New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed December 7, 2013.
  92. ^ Presidential November 8, 2016 General Election Results - Bergen County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, November 8, 2016. Accessed May 24, 2020
  93. ^ Presidential November 6, 2012 General Election Results - Bergen County Archived September 26, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, March 15, 2013. Accessed December 7, 2013.
  94. ^ Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast November 6, 2012 General Election Results - Bergen County Archived September 26, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, March 15, 2013. Accessed December 7, 2013.
  95. ^ 2008 Presidential General Election Results: Bergen County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 23, 2008. Accessed December 7, 2013.
  96. ^ 2008 General Election Results for Garfield, The Record. Accessed December 13, 2011.
  97. ^ 2004 Presidential Election: Bergen County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 13, 2004. Accessed December 7, 2013.
  98. ^ "Governor - Bergen County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. January 29, 2014. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
  99. ^ "Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast - November 5, 2013 - General Election Results - Bergen County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. January 29, 2014. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
  100. ^ 2009 Governor: Bergen County Archived 2018-11-28 at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 31, 2009. Accessed December 7, 2013.
  101. ^ Home Page, Garfield Public Schools. Accessed August 27, 2020. "The Garfield school district is comprised of approximately five thousand students housed in seven elementary schools, one middle school, and one high school. In addition, the district also offers PreK education to three and four-year-old children in various locations in the city."
  102. ^ Garfield Board of Education District Policy 0110 - Identification, Garfield Public Schools. Accessed March 25, 2020. "Purpose: The Board of Education exists for the purpose of providing a thorough and efficient system of free public education in grades Pre-Kindergarten through twelve in the Garfield School District. Composition: The Garfield School District is comprised of all the area within the municipal boundaries of Garfield."
  103. ^ What We Do: History, New Jersey Schools Development Authority. Accessed March 1, 2022. "In 1998, the New Jersey Supreme Court ruled in the Abbott v. Burke case that the State must provide 100 percent funding for all school renovation and construction projects in special-needs school districts. According to the Court, aging, unsafe and overcrowded buildings prevented children from receiving the "thorough and efficient" education required under the New Jersey Constitution.... Full funding for approved projects was authorized for the 31 special-needs districts, known as 'Abbott Districts'."
  104. ^ What We Do, New Jersey Schools Development Authority. Accessed March 1, 2022.
  105. ^ SDA Districts, New Jersey Schools Development Authority. Accessed March 1, 2022.
  106. ^ District information for Garfield Public School District, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed February 15, 2022.
  107. ^ School Data for the Garfield Public Schools, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed February 15, 2022.
  108. ^ Garfield Early Childhood Center, Garfield Public Schools. Accessed June 25, 2022.
  109. ^ Garfield Public Preschool Annex, Garfield Public Schools. Accessed June 25, 2022.
  110. ^ Garfield Public Preschool Annex3, Garfield Public Schools. Accessed June 25, 2022.
  111. ^ Washington Irving School #4, Garfield Public Schools. Accessed June 25, 2022.
  112. ^ Woodrow Wilson School #5, Garfield Public Schools. Accessed June 25, 2022.
  113. ^ Abraham Lincoln Elementary School #6, Garfield Public Schools. Accessed June 25, 2022.
  114. ^ Theodore Roosevelt School #7, Garfield Public Schools. Accessed June 25, 2022.
  115. ^ Christopher Columbus School #8, Garfield Public Schools. Accessed June 25, 2022.
  116. ^ Thomas Jefferson School #9, Garfield Public Schools. Accessed June 25, 2022.
  117. ^ James Madison School #10, Garfield Public Schools. Accessed June 25, 2022.
  118. ^ Garfield Middle School, Garfield Public Schools. Accessed June 25, 2022.
  119. ^ Garfield High School, Garfield Public Schools. Accessed June 25, 2022.
  120. ^ School Performance Reports for the Garfield Public School District, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed April 3, 2024.
  121. ^ New Jersey School Directory for the Garfield Public Schools, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed February 1, 2024.
  122. ^ About Us Archived October 14, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, Bergen County Technical Schools. Accessed December 7, 2013.
  123. ^ Admissions Archived March 5, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Bergen County Technical Schools. Accessed December 29, 2016.
  124. ^ Admission Portal, iLearn Schools. Accessed May 31, 2020. "Charter schools first accept applications from students living within the charter school’s local school district. If places are unfilled, out-of-district children can then be accepted. Local school districts for iLearn Schools are as follows: Bergen-ASCS: Garfield, Hackensack, and Lodi"
  125. ^ Home Page, Bergen Arts and Science Charter School. Accessed May 31, 2020.
  126. ^ District information for Bergen Arts And Science Charter School, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed April 1, 2020.
  127. ^ Police Department, City of Garfield. Accessed December 1, 2023. "The Garfield Police Department located at 411 Midland Ave Garfield, NJ 07026 (non-emergency telephone number 973-478-8500) currently employs 66 Sworn officers, 8 Civilian Parking Enforcement Officers, and 2 Civilian Record Room clerks."
  128. ^ Garfield Volunteer Fire Department, City of Garfield. Accessed May 27, 2024. "The City of Garfield is served by a volunteer Fire Department comprised of five separate fire companies. Each company is composed of a 20-person roster of members."
  129. ^ Garfield History. Accessed August 29, 2017. "On July 17, 1893 a group of citizens gathered at Hollingshead Hall on Washington Place and formed the first Fire Department. It is still called 'Old Reliable' today. Fire Company No. 1 used the bell at the First Presbyterian Church as the companies' fire alarm."
  130. ^ City Of Garfield Fire Department, Fire Departments Network. Accessed June 30, 2011.
  131. ^ Bergen County Mileage by Municipality and Jurisdiction, New Jersey Department of Transportation, May 2010. Accessed December 7, 2013.
  132. ^ Garfield Station, NJ Transit. Accessed August 17, 2022.
  133. ^ Plauderville Station, NJ Transit. Accessed August 17, 2022.
  134. ^ "Main/Bergen-Port Jervis Line". NJ Transit. Archived from the original on December 13, 2019. Retrieved August 17, 2022.
  135. ^ "Routes by County: Bergen County". NJ Transit. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved August 17, 2022.
  136. ^ "System Map: Bergen County" (PDF). NJ Transit. July 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 5, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2022.
  137. ^ Lees, Gene. Leader of the band: The life of Woody Herman, p. 117. Oxford University Press, 1995. ISBN 0-19-505671-X. Accessed June 30, 2011. "Born Anthony Allesandrini in Garfield, New Jersey, on August 22, 1921, Tony would stay with the band for two years, and then work with various members of the Herman alumni in small groups, and with Charlie Parker, Sheldon Powell and others."
  138. ^ "Garfield's Child Star", The Herald-News, November 28, 1939. Accessed April 17, 2023, via Newspapers.com, "Mary Thomas, seven-year-old daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph J. Novotny, formerly of Garfield, (shown above with Edmund Lowe), has been cast by Charles R. Rogers for part in Paramount's Our Neighbors The Carters, with Fay Balnter, Frank Craven, Edmund Lowe and Genevieve Tobin."
  139. ^ Caplan, Jeff. "Cowboys receiver Miles Austin smiles all the way to the end zone", The Victoria Advocate, October 31, 2009. Accessed April 1, 2011. "Humble, charming and hard-working, Austin, 25, is a byproduct of his hometown and his family. That hometown, blue-collar Garfield in northern New Jersey, is going bananas over Miles-mania."
  140. ^ Zeitchik, Steven. "In Person; Meet Joe Fan", The New York Times, January 23, 2005. Accessed January 16, 2019. "Amid the swirl of the New York region's media personalities, most people have probably never heard of Mr. Benigno. But as the longtime host of WFAN's overnight program, the Garfield-born, Paramus-bred broadcaster combined an uncommon mix of black humor, esoteric knowledge and incredulity to become a cult figure."
  141. ^ Riley, Lori. "The Road Is Fruitful For Peaches", Hartford Courant, November 18, 1999. Accessed June 25, 2022. "She lives in Lodi, N.J., but she grew up with Knebl in nearby Garfield.... Knebl was sophomore at Garfield High School when she first tried out for the Peaches, the most successful team in the league."
  142. ^ Thomas Jr., Robert McG. "Two Giants Were Heroes Far From Playing Field", The New York Times, January 26, 1991. Accessed September 25, 2009. "Blozis, who was born in Garfield, N.J., and was a star athlete at Dickinson High School in Jersey City before going to Georgetown on a track scholarship, was regarded as the strongest player in professional football and had the physique to prove it."
  143. ^ Lang, Harry G. Deaf Persons in the Arts and Sciences: A Biographical Dictionary, p. 47. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1995. ISBN 9780313291708. Accessed February 1, 2014. "Linda Bove was born on November 30, 1945, in Garfield, New Jersey".
  144. ^ Lustig, Jay. "'Peppermint Twist – Part 1,' Joey Dee and the Starliters", Institute for Nonprofit News, July 13, 2015. Accessed September 14, 2016. "But how were saxophonist and Passaic native Joey Dee and his Starliters, featuring lead singer David Brigati of Garfield, able to get there so quickly?"
  145. ^ Trescott, Jacqueline. "Growing Up in The Land Of Ozzie; New Jersey and the Shape Of America's Teen Culture", The Washington Post, May 8, 1998. Accessed August 29, 2017. "Eddie Brigati of Garfield, he being part of the Young Rascals."
  146. ^ Pelzman, J.P. "Jets notes: Garfield's Luis Castillo feels the hurt of loss", The Record, January 18, 2010, backed up by the Internet Archive as of September 27, 2012. Accessed August 29, 2017. "'We'll have nine months,' the Garfield native said, 'for every individual to find a way to point to themselves and to find a way, one of these years, to get past one of these games.'"
  147. ^ Pedulla, Tom. "Unlikely pair of aces lift Jets Johnson, Chrebet catch fire", USA Today, January 8, 1999. Accessed April 1, 2011. "The 5-10, 185-pound Chrebet comes from Garfield, N.J., played his college ball at Hofstra and never was drafted."
  148. ^ Deans, Mickey; and Pinchot, Ann. Weep no more, my lady, Hawthorn Books, 1972. ISBN 0515029890. Accessed May 16, 2013. " I was born Michael De Vinko in Garfield, New Jersey, on September 24, 1934."
  149. ^ Steinreich, Stanley. "'The Kid Next Door' Likely to Be Mayor", The New York Times, May 25, 1980. Accessed June 26, 2022. "He considers himself the kid next door, but when the votes were tallied two weeks ago, the 23-year-old law student was not just another face in the crowd. He was Thomas J. Duch, the man most likely to be the new Mayor of Garfield."
  150. ^ Fagan, Matt. "Peter Eagler, a former Clifton councilman, assemblyman, freeholder, dies at age 69", The Record, May 13, 2024. Accessed May 14, 2024. "Eagler was born in Clifton and raised in Garfield, then moved back to Clifton, Zecker said."
  151. ^ "Hollywood Star Walk: Gordon Hollingshead", Los Angeles Times. Accessed December 7, 2013. "Born Jan. 8, 1892 in Garfield, N.J."
  152. ^ Otto Huber, Baseball-Reference.com. Accessed August 29, 2017.
  153. ^ Gianfranco Iannotta, Team USA. Accessed December 13, 2019. "Birthplace: Passaic, N.J. Hometown: Garfield, N.J. High School: Garfield High School (Garfield, N.J.) '12"
  154. ^ Brullo, Ida. "Dennis Joel Rising Fast In Show Biz", Morning Call, February 13, 1960. Accessed January 16, 2021, via Newspapers.com. "Young Dennis Joel Olivieri was born in Garfield on Aug. 20, 1947."
  155. ^ Isaac M. Laddon Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Florida International University. Accessed June 30, 2011.
  156. ^ Nichols, Joseph C. "Larkin Knocks Out Archer In Eighth; Outboxed at Start in Garden, He Adopts Slugging Tactics in Sixth to Turn Tide Referee Stops Contest Newark Welterweight Suffers Concussion and Is Removed to Hospital After Fight", The New York Times, June 3, 1944. Accessed January 19, 2019. "Tippy Larkin's right hand served him to better advantage than did his vaunted boxing ability in his scheduled ten-round bout with Freddie Archer of Newark at Madison Square Garden last night. Outpointed in the early rounds, the Garfield (N.J.) welterweight brought the weapon into play to such good effect that he registered an eight-round technical knockout."
  157. ^ Bernstein, Adam for The Washington Post. "Michael J. Pollard, scene-stealing actor in 'Bonnie and Clyde,' dies at 80", Frederick News-Post, November 23, 2019. Accessed November 24, 2019. "The son of a bar manager, Michael John Pollack Jr. was born in Passaic, New Jersey, on May 30, 1939, and grew up in Garfield and Clifton, New Jersey. He changed his last name to Pollard."
  158. ^ Gorgi Popstefanov Archived November 8, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, George Washington University. Accessed November 7, 2017. "Hometown: Garfield, NJ; High School: Seton Hall Preparatory"
  159. ^ Morse, Steve. "Janice Robinson The Color Within Me Warner Bros.", The Boston Globe, December 23, 1999. Accessed August 29, 2017. "Get ready for a pumped-up blast of rock'n soul, hip-hop and gospel spirit that goes by the name of Janice Robinson. Hailing from Garfield, N.J., she holds nothing back on this very personal and appealing record."
  160. ^ "Paul Troast, Led Jersey Turnpike" The New York Times, July 23, 1972. Accessed December 28, 2017. "Born in 1894 in nearby Garfield, Mr. Troast spent his life in developing resources in Passaic and Clifton."
  161. ^ Staff. "Joseph Villa, Pianist, 46", The New York Times, April 15, 1995. Accessed June 30, 2011. "Mr. Villa was born in Garfield, N.J., on Aug. 9, 1948, and studied at the Juilliard School with Sascha Gorodnitzki."
  162. ^ Lisberg, Adam. "Politician Richard Visotcky, 73; Served 12 years in Assembly", The Record, November 4, 2002. Accessed June 26, 2022, via Newspapers.com. "Mr. Visotcky was active in Garfield politics for years and served as mayor from 1970 to 1972."
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