The motto of Tunisia is Freedom, Order, Justice (in Arabic حرية، نظام، عدالة; Ḥoṛiya, Niẓam, 'Adāla).[1] The original motto, Freedom, Order, Justice, in Arabic Ḥoṛiya, Niẓam, 'Adāla (حرية، نظام، عدالة), was adopted with the new coat of arms of independent Tunisia by the Beylical decree of 21 June 1956.[2] After the abolition of the monarchy on 25 July 1957, the motto remained that of the republican regime.[3]
It is enshrined in Article 4 of the 1959 Constitution of 1 June 1959. The law of 30 May 1963, modifying the coat of arms, also changes the order of the national motto: it becomes Order, Freedom, Justice (حرية، نظام، عدالة). The law of 2 September 1989 reverses the order of the national motto by returning to that of 1956.
The motto is changed to Freedom, Dignity, Justice, Order by Article 4 of the 2014 Constitution of 10 February 2014.[4][5] The motto is again changed to Freedom, Order, Justice by Article 9 of the 2022 Constitution of 25 July 2022.
References
edit- ^ "Flags, Symbols & Currency of Tunisia". WorldAtlas. 2021-02-24. Retrieved 2024-09-03.
- ^ "Decree of 21 June 1956 on the coat of arms of the kingdom" (pdf). Official Gazette of the Republic of Tunisia. 21 June 1956. p. 825-826. Retrieved 3 September 2024.
- ^ Dunant, Henry (1858). Notice sur la régence de Tunis (in French). J.-G. Fick.
- ^ Guide to the Flags of the World by Mauro Talocci, revised and updated by Whitney Smith (ISBN 0-688-01141-1), p. 119.
- ^ "Site du gouvernement tunisien - Armoiries" (in French). Archived from the original on 2006-09-30. Retrieved 2006-08-23.