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Frederick Charles Alderdice (November 10, 1871 – February 26, 1936) was a Newfoundland businessman, politician and the last Prime Minister of Newfoundland. Alderdice was born in Belfast, Ireland and was educated at Methodist College Belfast.[1] He moved to Newfoundland in 1886.[2] A prominent St. John's businessman, Alderdice was appointed to the Legislative Council of Newfoundland (the Upper House of the legislature) in 1924 and became leader of the Liberal-Conservative Progressive Party and the dominion's Prime Minister when his cousin Walter Stanley Monroe retired from the post on August 15, 1928.[3] Alderdice's first term as prime minister was short-lived, however, as his government lost that year's general election to the Liberals led by Sir Richard Squires.
Frederick C. Alderdice | |
|---|---|
 Alderdice in January 1934. | |
| 10th Prime Minister of Newfoundland | |
| In office August 15, 1928 – November 17, 1928 | |
| Monarch | George V |
| Governor | William Allardyce John Middleton |
| Preceded by | Walter Stanley Monroe |
| Succeeded by | Richard Squires |
| In office June 11, 1932 – February 16, 1934 | |
| Monarch | George V |
| Governor | John Middleton David Murray Anderson |
| Preceded by | Richard Squires |
| Succeeded by | Position Abolished |
| Personal details | |
| Born | November 10, 1871 Belfast, Ireland |
| Died | February 26, 1936 (aged 64) St. John's, Newfoundland |
| Nationality | Newfoundlander |
| Political party | United Newfoundland Party |
Alderdice joined with Liberals dissatisfied with Squires to form the United Newfoundland Party with himself as leader. The Great Depression embroiled the dominion in a severe economic crisis which was compounded by corruption in the Squires government taking the dominion to the brink of bankruptcy. Widespread unemployment added to the crisis and resulted in an anti-government riot in St. John's on April 5, 1932. The Squires government collapsed and Alderdice swept to power in the ensuing June election on the promise that if elected, his government would examine the possibility of suspending the constitution and having a commission administer the country until conditions improved. His United Newfoundland Party won 24 seats to only two for the Liberals.
The Alderdice government was unable to deal with the economic crisis and proposed a partial default on the dominion's debts. Britain and Canada (whose currency was shared by Newfoundland) agreed to give the dominion financial aid in exchange for the creation of an Imperial Royal Commission to investigate the dominion's future. The Commission recommended the suspension of responsible government and the institution of an appointed Commission of Government to rule the dominion.
Alderdice was pressured by the British to accept the recommendations without calling a new election or submitting the proposals to a referendum. Alderdice agreed and, at the end of 1933, the legislature voted to accept the recommendations and voted itself out of existence. Alderdice was appointed to the Commission of Government when it was established in February 1934 and served as Commissioner for Home Affairs and Education in the new Commission of Government as well as Vice-Chairman until his death in 1936.
References
edit- ^ "Biography – ALDERDICE, FREDERICK CHARLES MUNRO – Volume XVI (1931-1940) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography". Dictionary of Canadian Biography. University of Toronto. Retrieved 28 July 2016.
- ^ "Biography – ALDERDICE, FREDERICK CHARLES MUNRO – Volume XVI (1931-1940) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography". Dictionary of Canadian Biography. University of Toronto. Retrieved 28 July 2016.
- ^ "Hon. F.C. Alderdice dead in St. John's". The Gazette. 27 February 1936. Retrieved 11 May 2013.