The Fort du Bruissin is a fort in Francheville, France, near the city of Lyon. Built between 1878 and 1881, the fort is part of the Séré de Rivières system of fortifications built in the late 19th century. It has been rehabilitated as a contemporary artists' community. The Fort en Jazz festival is held there each year.[1]
| Fort du Bruissin | |
|---|---|
| Part of Fortifications of Lyon, Séré de Rivières system | |
| Metz, France | |
 | |
  Fort du Bruissin | |
| Coordinates | 45°43′50″N 4°44′19″E / 45.730532°N 4.738508°E |
| Type | Fort |
| Site information | |
| Owner | Commune de Francheville |
| Controlled by | France |
| Open to the public | Yes |
| Condition | Restored as cultural center |
| Site history | |
| Built | 1878 |
| Materials | Stone, concrete |
Concept and design
editThe Fort de Bruissin is located about 8.5 kilometres (5.3 mi) to the southeast of the center of Lyon. Lyon's original protective ring of forts was built in the 1830s at a distance from the city just beyond the range of the artillery of the era, thus denying a potential attacker the means to bombard Lyon. With the introduction of rifled artillery, the range increased, placing the city once again into jeopardy. In the 1870s a second ring of forts was built farther out to deal with the extended range of artillery. Work on the second ring of eighteen forts was complete by 1893.[2] The Fort du Bruissin was number 13 in the Army's numerical designation of the forts of Lyon.[3]
The Fort de Bruissin is a six-sided polygon, with masonry walls surrounded by a defended ditch. The most striking feature of the fort is its entry court, reached through a gatehouse at the head of a bridge over the ditch. A two-level vaulted barracks faces the gatehouse across the court, covered with earth. A terrace or cavalier on top of the barracks was shielded by an earth rampart. The fort was primarily armed with a mixture of 155mm and 120mm guns. located on the cavalier within the walls of the fort. Close-in defense was provided by revolving cannons in large caponiers at the corners of the fort, reached by subterranean passages.[2] The fort was initially manned by 294 men, serving a total of thirty artillery pieces.[4]
History
editThe Fort du Bruissin is part of the second ring of the fortifications of Lyon. During World War I the fort was a training center for future officers. During World War II, the fort was occupied by the Germans, who used it as an ammunition depot and headquarters.
In 1981 the fort was sold to the commune of Francheville. In 1988 the entry was renovated, followed by the barracks in 1989. In 1991 the fort became a community of contemporary artists. It has been the home of the Fort en Jazz festival since 1990.[2]
Arts center
editThe fort now functions as a center for visual and performing arts. The 10-hectare (25-acre) grounds are a community park and nature preserve. Approximately 3000 square meters of space is available within the fort, with about 800 square meters of exhibition space.[5] A venue for the performing arts is located behind the barracks, to accommodate up to 2000 spectators.[6]
Gallery
edit-
Underground passage -
Water-filled ditch -
Front façade of the barracks -
Defensive ditch -
Principal entry -
Court between the entry and the main barracks -
Firing port
See also
editReferences
edit
- ^ http://www.mairie-francheville69.fr/vc_page38.php Archived 2008-11-17 at the Wayback Machine page de la mairie sur le fort
- ^ a b c "Les fortifications de Lyon" (in French). Ville de Francheville. Archived from the original on 3 February 2010. Retrieved 14 April 2010.
- ^ Puelinckx, Jean; Aublet, Jean-Louis; Mainguin, Sylvie (2010). "Lyon (place de)". Index de la fortification française 1874-1914 (in French). fortiff.be. Retrieved 19 April 2010.
- ^ Puelinckx, Jean; Aublet, Jean-Louis; Mainguin, Sylvie (2010). "Bruissin (fort du)". Index de la fortification française 1874-1914 (in French). fortiff.be. Retrieved 19 April 2010.
- ^ "Fort du Bruissin - Centre d'art contemporain" (PDF) (in French). Ville de Francheville. 2009. Retrieved 15 April 2010.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Le Fort du Beuissin" (in French). Mairie de Francheville. Archived from the original on 12 October 2007. Retrieved 19 April 2010.
External links
edit- Fort du Bruissin, Francheville City Hall
- Fort du Bruissin at Index de la fortification Française 1874-1914