Foreign relations of Solomon Islands

The foreign policy of Solomon Islands as of 2008 was described by the Solomon Islands government as a "look north" policy, aimed as strengthening diplomatic and economic relations with Asian countries for development purposes.[1]

Diplomatic representation

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Countries with diplomatic missions in Solomon Islands are Australia, Japan, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, South Korea and the United Kingdom. The U.S. ambassador resident in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea is also accredited to Solomon Islands. Canada, France, Germany, South Korea, Sweden and Malaysia have Honorary Consuls.

Solomon Islands has diplomatic missions in Canberra, Papua New Guinea, at the United Nations in New York, where the ambassador there is also accredited as its ambassador to the United States of America, UNESCO in Paris and high commissioner to Canada and at the European Commission in Brussels where the representative is also accredited as High Commissioner to the UK.

Diplomatic relations

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List of countries which the Solomon Islands maintains diplomatic relations with:

 
# Country Date[2]
1   Australia 7 July 1978[3]
2   Canada 7 July 1978
3   Nauru 7 July 1978[3]
4   New Zealand 7 July 1978
5   Papua New Guinea 7 July 1978[3]
6   United Kingdom 7 July 1978[4]
7   Czech Republic 11 July 1978
30 October 1996
8   Germany 11 July 1978[3]
9   Samoa 17 July 1978[5]
10   Fiji 28 July 1978
11   Japan 1 September 1978
12   South Korea 15 September 1978[6]
13   United States 9 October 1978
14   France 1 February 1979[3]
15   Belgium 28 February 1979[3]
16   Turkey 8 March 1979[7]
17   Kiribati 12 July 1979[3]
18   Sweden 24 October 1979[3]
19   Tonga 7 July 1980[3]
20   Vanuatu 30 July 1980[8]
21   Spain 8 August 1980[9]
22   Tuvalu 1 October 1980[3]
23   Norway 18 December 1980[10]
24   Netherlands 1 February 1982[3]
25   Malaysia 10 May 1983[3]
26   Indonesia 28 July 1983[3]
  Holy See 9 May 1983[11]
27   Thailand 2 May 1986
28   Italy 1 March 1987[3]
29   Singapore 21 April 1987[12]
30   India 1 May 1987
31   Greece 28 August 1987[8]
32   Israel 1 January 1989
33   Maldives 18 October 1989
34   Federated States of Micronesia 5 April 1990
35   Brunei 21 May 1992[13]
36   Kuwait 18 October 1995
37   Vietnam 30 October 1996
38   Portugal 20 November 1996
39   Guyana 26 November 1996
40   South Africa 11 December 1996
41   Finland 16 July 1999
42   Cuba 19 December 2002
43   Philippines 27 September 2004
44   Brazil 2 August 2005
45   Austria 13 October 2005
46   Iceland 20 April 2007
47   Venezuela 8 May 2007
48    Switzerland 20 December 2007
49   Mexico 26 September 2008
50   Palau 25 September 2009
51   Ireland 4 December 2009
52   United Arab Emirates 29 April 2010
53   Cyprus 5 May 2010
54   Marshall Islands 23 May 2010
55   Botswana 18 November 2010[14]
56   Slovenia 18 November 2010
57   Luxembourg 19 November 2010
58   Seychelles 20 December 2010
59   Egypt 23 December 2010
60   Malta 23 December 2010
61   Montenegro 23 December 2010
62   Romania 1 February 2011
63   Morocco 4 February 2011
64   Uruguay 4 February 2011
65   Azerbaijan 8 February 2011
66   Qatar 8 February 2011
67   Comoros 14 February 2011
68   Dominica 7 March 2011
69   Guatemala 8 March 2011
70   Slovakia 15 March 2011
71   Nicaragua 20 April 2011
72   Bulgaria 27 April 2011
73   Paraguay 4 May 2011
74   Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 4 May 2011
75   Georgia 11 May 2011
76   Albania 19 May 2011
77   Gambia 19 May 2011
78   Estonia 25 May 2011
79   Cabo Verde 26 May 2011
80   Hungary 21 June 2011
81   Eritrea 27 June 2011
82   Guinea 11 August 2011
83   Ukraine 27 September 2011
84   Mongolia 13 October 2011
85   Mauritania 18 October 2011
86     Nepal 15 December 2011
87   Ecuador 20 December 2011
88   East Timor 21 December 2011
89   Ethiopia 22 December 2011
90   Bosnia and Herzegovina 26 January 2012
91   Tajikistan 21 February 2012
92   Cambodia 22 February 2012
93   Republic of the Congo 6 March 2012
94   Monaco 6 March 2012
95   Peru 14 March 2012
96   Croatia 18 March 2012
97   Moldova 4 May 2012
98   Poland 6 May 2012
99   Algeria 7 June 2012
100   Latvia 28 June 2012
101   Suriname 10 August 2012
102   Kazakhstan 17 August 2012
103   Belarus 10 September 2012
104   Panama 11 September 2012
105   Burundi 13 September 2012
106   Lithuania 20 September 2012
107   Liechtenstein 2012[15]
108   Jamaica 3 July 2013
109   Sri Lanka 3 July 2013
110   El Salvador 22 July 2013
  Cook Islands 1 September 2013
111   Antigua and Barbuda 11 September 2013
112   Grenada 2 April 2014
113   Trinidad and Tobago 31 May 2014
114   Saudi Arabia 17 July 2014
115   Kyrgyzstan 22 December 2014
116   Pakistan 19 February 2016
117   Mauritius 1 July 2016
118   Argentina 29 July 2016
119   Saint Lucia 27 October 2018
120   China 28 September 2019
121   Serbia 20 December 2021[16]
122   Barbados 19 September 2022[16]
123   Bahrain 21 September 2022[16]
124   Chile 19 September 2023[16]
125   Oman 19 September 2023[16]
126   Dominican Republic 21 September 2023[16]
127   Belize 22 September 2023[16]
128   Uganda 27 November 2023[16]
129   Bahamas 15 March 2024[16]
130   Colombia 23 September 2024[17]
131   Rwanda 24 September 2024[18]

Bilateral relations

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Current

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Country Notes
  Australia See Australia–Solomon Islands relations

Australia became the first country to establish diplomatic relations after the Solomon Islands became independent on 7 July 1978. Australia is the Solomon Islands' largest developmental partner and a key trading partner. Following the outbreak of conflict between the Guadalcanal and Malaitan peoples in 1998, Australia led a multinational peacekeeping and developmental assistance force known as RAMSI, which operated in the Solomons between 2003 and 2017.[19] Australia is also a key security partner, signing a bilateral security treaty with the Solomons in mid August 2017.[19] The two countries experienced several bilateral disagreements including the Julian Moti affair in 2006-2007 and a 2022 Chinese-Solomon Islands security pact.[20]

  China See China–Solomon Islands relations

On 16 September 2019, after bribing government officials,[21][22][23] Solomon Islands parliament voted to end diplomatic recognition of Taiwan and to recognise China (PRC). Taiwan subsequently closed its embassy in Honiara on 17 September 2019. The new arrangement with PRC remained to be ratified on 19 September but is expected to proceed.[24] Following this move, a provincial leader had offered to lease the island of Tulagi to China in a deal that the attorney general found to be illegal.[25]

In late March 2022, the Solomon Islands Government confirmed that it was drafting a security pact with China that would allow the deployment of Chinese military and security forces in the country, naval deployments, and the establishment of a military base. This acknowledgement came after a draft of the security agreement was leaked online. In response, the Australian and New Zealand Governments expressed concerns that the establishment of a Chinese military presence in Solomon Islands would have serious implications for peace and security in the Pacific region.[26][27][28] In response, the Chinese Government defended law enforcement and bilateral cooperation with Solomon Islands and disputed Australian criticism that Beijing was coercing Solomon Islands.[29]

  Cuba See Cuba–Solomon Islands relations

In the late 2000s, Solomon Islands began to strengthen their relations with Cuba.

In April 2007, the Solomon Star reported that Solomon Islands' high commissioner to the United Nations was soon to be sworn in as ambassador to Cuba.[30] In September 2007, it was announced that 40 Cuban doctors would be sent to Solomon Islands.[31] The Solomons’ Minister of Foreign Affairs Patterson Oti said that Solomon Islander doctors would "learn from their Cuban colleagues in specialised areas".[32] In addition to providing doctors, Cuba provided scholarships for 50 Solomon Islanders to study medicine in Cuba for free.[33]

In September 2008, Solomon Islands' foreign minister William Haomae attended the first Cuba-Pacific Islands ministerial meeting in Havana, aimed at "strengthening cooperation", notably in coping with the impact of climate change.[34]

In July 2014, Solomon Islands prime minister Gordon Darcy Lilo opened Solomon Islands embassy in Havana, thus becoming the first Pacific Island country to have an embassy and resident ambassador in Cuba.[35]

  Cyprus
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 May 2010.[36]
  • Cyprus is represented in Solomon Islands via parallel accreditation of its embassy in Canberra, Australia.[37]
  • Both countries are full members of Commonwealth of Nations.
  Fiji See Fiji–Solomon Islands relations

In August 2008, it was announced that Solomon Islands intended to open a High Commission in Suva,[38] and in December the government of Fiji announced that it had "formally endorsed the establishment of a Resident Diplomatic Mission in Suva by the Government of Solomon Islands".[39] Fiji's High Commission to Papua New Guinea is accredited to Solomon Islands.

  Greece
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1987.[40]
  • Greece is represented in Solomon Islands via parallel accreditation of its embassy in Canberra, Australia.[40]
  India See India–Solomon Islands relations

Diplomatic relations between India and Solomon Islands were established in May 1987.

  Japan

Diplomatic relations between Japan and Solomon Islands were established on 7 July 1978, the date the Solomon Islands became independent. Japan maintains an embassy at Honiara.[41]

  Malaysia See Malaysia–Solomon Islands relations

Malaysia has an honorary consul in Solomon Islands while Malaysia high commission in Port Moresby also accredited to the country,[42] and Solomon Islands has a high commission in Kuala Lumpur.[43][44][45]

  Maldives
  Netherlands
  New Zealand

New Zealand is represented in Solomon Islands by its High Commission in Honiara.[50] Solomon Islands is represented in New Zealand by its High Commission in Wellington.[51]

In response to civil conflict within the Solomon Islands, New Zealand contributed defence and civilian personnel to the Australian-led International Peace Monitoring Team (IPMT) following the Townsville Peace Agreement in October 2000. Between 2003 and 2017, New Zealand contributed both military and law enforcement personnel to the Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands (RAMSI).[52]

In March 2015, the New Zealand journalists Nicky Hager and Ryan Gallagher reported that NZ's signals intelligence agency, the Government Communications Security Bureau (GCSB), was using the internet mass surveillance system XKeyscore to intercept email communications from several senior Solomon Islands government ministers, the Solomons Islands Truth and Reconciliation Commission, and anti-corruption campaigner Benjamin Afuga.[53] In response, the New Zealand Foreign Minister Murray McCully sought to reassure the Solomon Islands Government's concerns about New Zealand's mass surveillance program. The Solomons Chief of Staff, Robert Iroga, objected to the GCSB's tapping of his government's internal communications, which in his view damaged New Zealand's image as a "friendly government" in the South Pacific.[54]

In March 2022, Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern supported Australia's concerns about a planned security pact between China and Solomon Islands; claiming that it would lead to the militarisation of the South Pacific.[55] In addition, the New Zealand Government unsuccessfully lobbied French Polynesian and New Caledonian officials into taking a position on the Chinese—Solomon Islands security pact.[56]

  Pakistan

Solomon Islands and Pakistan established foreign relations in February 2016, when high commissioner designate Naela Chohan, Pakistan's ambassador resident in Canberra, arrived in Honiara to sign an accord with minister for foreign affairs Milner Tozaka for the formal establishment of diplomatic ties.[57] A Joint Communique issued by the two senior officials remarked upon numerous areas of cooperation, including education, and policing, as well as bilateral trade ties.[58]

  Papua New Guinea

Relations between the current governments of Prime Minister Derek Sikua (Solomon Islands) and prime minister Michael Somare (Papua New Guinea) are, at present, cordial.[59]

  South Korea See Solomon Islands–South Korea relations

Solomon Islands and the Republic of Korea have established diplomatic relations on September 15, 1978.

  • Solomon Islands and South Korea have nice diplomatic relations.[60]
   Switzerland

Solomon Islands and Switzerland established formal diplomatic relations on 20 December 2007, when representatives of both nations signed a joint communiqué in Canberra.[61] Beraki Jino, High Commissioner of Solomon Islands to Australia, and Christian Muhlethaler, Ambassador of Switzerland to Australia, signed the agreement on behalf of their respective governments.[61]

  Turkey See Solomon Islands–Turkey relations
  Ukraine

Ukraine is represented in Solomon Islands by its embassy in Canberra, Australia.[63]

  United Kingdom The British Solomon Islands Protectorate was one of the last areas of the British Empire to gain independence. The official name was changed from British Solomon Islands Protectorate to Solomon Islands in 1975. Self-government was granted in 1976 also under that name. On achieving full independence as a sovereign state in 1978, the two countries immediately established diplomatic relations.

King Charles III is, severally, the head of state of both the United Kingdom and Solomon Islands. Although the two offices are vested in the same person, he exercises his role as King of Solomon Islands independently of his role as the King of the United Kingdom, consequently, the United Kingdom itself has no jurisdiction in Solomon Islands.[64] Both the United Kingdom and Solomon Islands are members of the Commonwealth of Nations, and participate in events such as the Commonwealth Games.

Bilateral relations with the UK remain strong. The UK's bilateral aid programme in Solomon Islands ended in early 2004 when the UK's regional aid programme came to a close. However, UK funding through the EU, the largest multilateral donor to Solomon Islands, will continue. The UK contributes almost 15% of the EU development budget in Solomon Islands. The Foreign and Commonwealth Office assistance to Solomon Islands is focused on security sector reform, good governance, sustainable development and poverty alleviation. Among the activities supported in the last two years are: education on HIV/AIDS, rural clinics, collective farming and empowerment of women. Sir Nathaniel Waena, the Governor-General of Solomon Islands, visited the UK in 2006 to celebrate the Queen's 80th Birthday. Assistance is also provided through the Commonwealth of Nations, whose budget is supported by the United Kingdom.

The United Kingdom is one of only six countries to maintain a resident ambassador in Honiara, the High Commissioner of the United Kingdom to Solomon Islands.[65] The current High Commissioner, since 2016, is David Ward.[66] The British High Commission in Honiara represents British interests in the country and assists British citizens resident in, or visiting the country. The High Commission also funds local projects and assists in scholarships in the United Kingdom for Solomon Islands citizens.

Solomon Islands is represented in the European Commission in Brussels, Belgium, by the Solomon Islands Ambassador, who is also accredited as High Commissioner to the United Kingdom.

  United States See Solomon Islands–United States relations
  • Solomon Islands are accredited to the United States from its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York City.
  • United States has an embassy in Honiara.[67]
  Venezuela

In October 2008, Solomon Islands prime minister Derek Sikua moved to establish economic relations with Venezuela, hoping to benefit from comparatively cheap Venezuelan oil. In a rare display of bipartisanship, Solomons Opposition leader Manasseh Sogavare praised his political rival for this move, stating that -in the context of the financial crisis of 2007–2008, it would bring down the price of oil for Solomon Islanders, and boost the economy if the Solomons imported crude Venezuelan oil, refined it and then exported it to neighbouring countries.[68]

Former bilateral relations

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Country Formal Relations Began Formal Relations Ended Notes
  Kosovo 28 April 2015 28 November 2018 Solomon Islands recognized Kosovo as an independent state on 13 August 2014, and established diplomatic relations with Kosovo on 28 April 2015. However, it withdrew its decision to recognize Kosovo as an independent state on 28 November 2018.[69][70][71][72]
  Republic of China 24 March 1983 14 September 2019 Solomon Islands maintained diplomatic relations with Republic of China (Taiwan) from 24 March 1983 with resident diplomatic missions in both respective capitals. In April 2017, Solomon Islands Deputy Prime Minister Manasseh Maelanga visited Taiwan and met with President Tsai Ing-wen at the Presidential Office Building in Taipei. Both of them discussed exchanges and future cooperation between the two sides.[73] However, on 14 September 2019, the Solomon Islands parliament voted to recognize the People's Republic of China instead of the Republic of China. The Republic of China in response cut all ties to the Pacific nation, closing its embassy in Honiara on 17 September 2019.[74] On 21 September 2019 Solomon Islands and the People's Republic of China issued a joint communiqué establishing relations. An exchange of ambassadors on both sides is yet to be made.[75]

Main multilateral involvement

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Solomon Islands is a member of the United Nations, UNESCO, the Commonwealth, South Pacific Commission, Pacific Islands Forum, International Monetary Fund, and the European Economic Community/African, Caribbean, Pacific Group (EEC/ACP)/(Lomé Convention).

International organisation participation

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ACP, AsDB, ESCAP, FAO, Commonwealth of Nations, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), IOC, ITU, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, United Nations, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTrO

See also

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References

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