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Eliane Montel (8 October 1898 – 24 January 1993) was a French physicist and chemist.
Eliane Montel | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 8 October 1898 Marseille, France |
| Died | 24 January 1993 (aged 94) Paris, France |
| Nationality | French |
| Alma mater | École Normale Supérieure de jeunes filles de Sèvres |
| Known for | works on radioactivity |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Physics, Chemistry, Radioactivity |
| Institutions | ESPCI, Collège de France, Curie Institute |
Family
editMontel was born on 8 October 1898, in Marseille.[1] She spent her childhood between Marseille and Montpellier.
During the 1920s, Montel had a love affair with French physicist Paul Langevin. Their son, Paul-Gilbert Langevin, was born on 5 July 1933 in Boulogne-Billancourt.
Early years
editMontel graduated in 1919 and was a student in sciences at the École Normale Supérieure de jeunes filles de Sèvres.[2] She went on to teach science to young girls, and graduated at the agrégation competition in 1923.[3]
Professional career
editIn 1926, she began to work as voluntary help in the Curie laboratory at the Institut du radium, under Langevin's recommendations, then as a free worker the next year.[4] She published her work on the penetration of polonium into lead (Sur la pénétration du polonium dans le plomb) in the Journal de physique.[5] While working in Frédéric Joliot-Curie's laboratory at the Collège de France, she acted as a political and scientific intermediary between Langevin and Joliot-Curie, who had been Langevin's former student.
Following her work in the laboratory, she became a physics teacher at a high school in 1929–30.[6] In 1930, Montel obtained a Rothschild scholarship for 1930–1931 through the support of Marie Curie. However, Montel was forced to discontinue her research in order to care for her mother and was not able to complete her research within the year.[7] In 1931–32, she worked as a researcher at the ESPCI, in Paul Langevin's laboratory. Montel stayed with him until he died, in 1946, visiting him while he was under house arrest in Troyes during World War II.[8]
After Langevin's death in 1946, she continued Langevin's research in the same laboratory under René Lucas's direction[9] and worked on gaseous ions mobility measures. She published Langevin's last work, which was realised during World War II when he was in house arrest, on "The device could manage to study the nature of ions and follow its formation and evolution, giving the mobility spectrum".[10] In the following years, she taught physics and chemistry in high school in Fontainebleau, near Paris, until her retirement in the 1960s.
In 1967, Montel attended the Curie laboratory former researchers dinner for Marie Curie's 100th birthday. In 1972, she worked on Langevin's 100th birthday commemoration, publishing texts in his memory in some periodicals and writing a personal text, Langevin et le rationalisme, le savant hors de la tour d'ivoire to be published in Scientia.[11] She contributed material to a former text written in La technique moderne, in the 1930s.
Eliane Montel died in Paris in 1993.
Works
edit- On penetration of polonium in lead, Review of physics and radium, 1929.
- Paul Langevin, the great masters of Science, Modern Technics, 1935.
- On mobility and diffusion of ions, in Reports of the sessions from the French Academy of Sciences, 1939.[12]
- On a new method to measure gaseous ions mobility, in Reports of the sessions from the French Academy of Sciences.[13]
- Action of 204Tl and 90Sr β-rays on ordinary photographic records, with Ouang Te Tchao,[12] in Reports of the sessions from the French Academy of Sciences, 1946.
- On the Paul Langevin analyzer for the research on gaseous ions mobility, with Ouang Te Tchao,[12] Review of physics and radium, 1949.
- On a high sensibility monofilar electrometer, Review of physics and radium, 1954.[12]
- A Tribute to Paul Langevin, with René Lucas, 1972.
- Langevin and rationalism, the scientist outside the ivory tower, Scientia, 1973.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "OPAC LORIS". doris.archives13.fr. Archived from the original on 2015-04-19. Retrieved 2017-05-03.
- ^ "L'annuaire – a-Ulm". www.archicubes.ens.fr.
- ^ Young girls secondary teaching, Monthly Review, 1920, p. 208.
- ^ Archives du musée Curie. Fonds LC.MC.
- ^ (in French) Pigeard-Micault, Natalie, The Curie's Lab and its Women (1906–1934), Annals of Science 70.1 (2013), p. 71-100.
- ^ M. B Ogilvie and J. D. Harvey, The Biographical dictionnary of Women in Sciences, Taylor & Francis editions, 2000.
- ^ Radium Institute Archives, cote LC.MC, piece 1732.
- ^ B. Bensaude-Vincent, Langevin, science and awareness, Belin editions, 1987, p. 212.
- ^ N. Pigeard-Micault, The Curie's Lab and its Women (1906–1934), Glyphe editions, 2013, p. 188-191.
- ^ Paul Langevin, On an analyzer for the research on gaseous ions mobility, in Review of Physics and Radium, tome 10, 1949.
- ^ link={{{1}}} (1973). "Langevin et le rationalisme: le savant hors de la tour d'ivoire". Scientia extract from the march-april may-june 1973 issue (Le savant hors de sa tour d’ivoire): 1–30.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c d "Travaux scientifiques, par Eliane Montel". interdisciplinarite.blogspot.fr. 2015.
- ^ French Academy of Sciences, 1944, p. 391.
External links
edit- Eliane Montel, investigadora en el Instituto del radio, by Marta Macho Stadler, professor at the mathematics department of UPV/EHU, on Mujeres con ciencia website, 8 october 2019.