Wikipedia

Economic Freedom Fighters

The Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) is a South African communist and black nationalist political party. It was founded by expelled former African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL) president Julius Malema, and his allies, on 26 July 2013.[16] Malema is president of the EFF, heading the Central Command Team, which serves as the central structure of the party.[17] It is currently the fourth-largest party in the National Assembly.[18]

Economic Freedom Fighters
AbbreviationEFF
PresidentJulius Malema
ChairpersonNontando Nolutshungu
Secretary-GeneralMarshall Dlamini
SpokespersonLeigh-Ann Mathys
Deputy PresidentGodrich Gardee
Deputy Secretary-GeneralLeigh-Ann Mathys
Treasurer-GeneralLeigh-Ann Mathys
FoundersJulius Malema
Floyd Shivambu
Founded26 July 2013 (2013-07-26)
Split fromAfrican National Congress
Headquarters119 Marshall Street, Johannesburg, Gauteng
Student wingEFFSC
Membership (2022)Increase 1,085,843[1]
Ideology
Political positionFar-left[13]
National affiliationProgressive Caucus
Colours  Red[5][14]
SloganOur land and jobs, now![15]
National Assembly
39 / 400
National Council of Provinces
11 / 90
Pan-African Parliament
1 / 5
(South African seats)
Provincial Legislatures
50 / 487
City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality (council)
30 / 270
Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality (council)
6 / 120
City of Cape Town (council)
10 / 231
Website
effonline.org Edit this at Wikidata

History

edit

Foundation and early history

edit

At a 26 July 2013 press briefing in Soweto, Malema announced that the new party had over 1000 members, double the 500 required for registration with the Independent Electoral Commission (IEC).[19] The EFF is now registered with the IEC, after an objection to its registration by the Freedom Front Plus (FF+) was dismissed in September 2013.[20]

In 2015, the EFF suspended MP Lucky Twala and expelled three MPs, Mpho Ramakatsa, Andile Mngxitama and Khanyisile Litchfield-Tshabalala.[21] Mngxitama formed his own party, named Black First Land First (BLF),[22] while Litchfield-Tshabalala joined the United Democratic Movement.[23] Malema has been chiefly accused by former members of purging his critics to consolidate his power, thus ruling the party with an iron fist.[24] Malema acknowledged this criticism in a press conference and went on to say that the party should have expelled more ill-disciplined members.

Recent actions and activities

edit

On 6 August 2015, the EFF announced that it has secured a Constitutional Court case for its "#PayBackTheMoney" campaign against Jacob Zuma. The case was heard on 9 February 2016. The judgement was released by Chief Justice Mogoeng Mogoeng and stated that the then-President had violated the Constitution of South Africa, along with the Speaker of the National Assembly Baleka Mbete.[25] The President was given 60 days to fulfill the requirements of the Public Protector Thuli Madonsela.[26]

On 27 February 2018, the EFF tabled a motion in the National Assembly to amend the Constitution so as to allow for the expropriation of land without compensation. The motion, brought by the EFF leader Julius Malema, was adopted with a vote of 241 in support, and 83 against. The only parties who did not support the motion were the Democratic Alliance, Freedom Front Plus, Congress of the People and the ACDP.[27] Land expropriation is one of the EFF's seven cardinal pillars.[28]

In 2018, the party's student wing, the EFF Student Command came in first at several Student Representative Council elections, defeating the African National Congress (ANC)-aligned South African Students Congress (SASCO) at the Durban University of Technology, the University of Zululand and Mangosuthu University of Technology.[29] They also won in Cape Town, the District Six, Mowbray and Bellville Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT) campuses with landslide victories. They also won the University of Cape Town.[30] Peter Keetse, president of the EFFSC, said the win was a warning shot for what was going to happen in 2019 national general elections. He said the youth were the influencers of the future: "this is an indication of what is to follow".[31]

In March 2023 the party attempted to organise a national shutdown in protest of loadshedding and calling for South African President Cyril Ramaphosa to step down. The shutdown was widely reported as ineffective[32][33][34][35] and involved a number of instances of fake news spread by party supporters.[36][37][38]

In June 2024, the EFF refused to join the ANC-led Government of National Unity (GNU), because of the Democratic Alliance (DA) and Freedom Front Plus (FF+) participation in the coalition.[39]

In August 2024, EFF deputy president Floyd Shivambu left the party and joined former president Jacob Zuma’s uMkhonto weSizwe (MK) party.[40]

Ideology and policies

edit

Marxist ideology

edit
 
A small march by the EFF protesting in support of land reform in South Africa.

The EFF "draws inspiration from the broad Marxist–Leninist tradition and Fanonian schools of thought in their analyses of the state, imperialism, culture and class contradictions in every society", according to its constitution.[41][42] The EFF states that it takes inspiration from Burkinabé President Thomas Sankara in terms of both style and Marxist ideology.[43] Prominent EFF member Jackie Shandu declared the party a "proudly Sankarist formation".[4]

Death penalty

edit

At the launch of the EFF in 2013, party leader Julius Malema called for a referendum on re-introducing the death penalty,[44] but by 2019 he had reversed this position.[45][46]

Economics

edit

The party has promised to tackle corruption, provide quality social housing, and provide free primary healthcare and education for all, as well as proposing to expropriate White-owned farmland, nationalise the mining and banking sectors, double welfare grants and the minimum wage, and end the proposed toll system for highways.[47] It has criticised both the dominant African National Congress and the primary opposition party, the Democratic Alliance, for enacting policies that it claims have sold out the black people of South Africa to capitalism as cheap labour. However, after the 2016 local elections in South Africa, Malema suggested that the EFF would back the Democratic Alliance in hung-metro areas[clarification needed], while reiterating that it would not form a coalition with any political party.[48]

The EFF has vocally criticised black business owners, particularly in South Africa's mining sector. In an address at the Oxford Union in November 2015, Malema spoke out against billionaire mining company owner Patrice Motsepe.[49][50] During further protests in 2015, the EFF delivered demands that included the socialisation of the mining sector and called for more explicit targets for the 26% BEE ownership required by law.[51] The EFF is a vocal proponent of expanding the role of South African state-owned enterprises in the national economy.[52][53] In a public address at Marikana in the Rustenburg area, near the site of the Marikana massacre, Malema blamed mining companies for poverty in the region and called out platinum mining company Lonmin in particular.[54]

The EFF was the only parliamentary party that opposed the 2018 political party funding bill, a funding transparency law that requires political parties to publish their sources of funding.[55]

Foreign policy

edit

Within Africa

edit

The EFF presents itself as a Pan-Africanist party and supports the proposal for a United States of Africa. In respect to this, the EFF and Malema have repeatedly praised former Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi, promising to implement many of the policies in South Africa that Gaddafi implemented in Libya.[56][57][58] The party is against presence of the American military bases in Africa, most notably in Botswana.[59]

The EFF has been strongly critical of the government of Eswatini, one of the last absolute monarchies in the world, advocating for democratic reforms in the country and the removal of borders between it and South Africa.[60] The party has supported a number of efforts to support change in Eswatini ranging from trying to shutdown the Eswatini-South Africa border with protest action[61][62] to criticizing the electoral process in the country.[63]

The EFF is critical of France's presence in Africa; in 2022 the party picketed outside of and ultimately barricaded the country's embassy in Pretoria.[64] The French ambassador to South Africa criticised the EFF for scapegoating France as the supposed source of all Africa's problems.[65] Following the death of Queen Elizabeth the EFF announced that they would not mourn her passing instead stating that "she never once acknowledged the atrocities her family inflicted on native people that Britain invaded across the world."[66]

Outside Africa

edit

The EFF is against Zionism,[67] is strongly critical of Israel and its conflict with the Palestinians;[68] referring to the country as "evil" and advocating for its destruction.[69][70] During the 2023 Israel–Hamas war the leader of the EFF Julius Malema stated the party's support for Hamas and that should the party win the 2024 election they would send arms to assist the organisation.[71][72]

The EFF officially supports Russia's 2022 invasion of Ukraine, commending what they refer to as Russia's "anti-imperialist programme" against NATO.[59] During the Lady R incident the party stated their support for any prospect of South African exports of military equipment to Russia that might assist in its invasion of Ukraine.[73]

The party supports closer bilateral relations between South Africa and China whilst considering Taiwan to be an "integral part" of the People's Republic of China; it has referred to the Chinese Communist Party as the "torch-bearer for all Marxist–Leninist formations in the world".[74]

LGBT+ rights

edit

The EFF supports the rights of the LGBT+ community in Africa and officially condemns laws that seek to ban homosexuality.[75] The party was critical of Uganda's 2023 Anti-Homosexuality Bill and led a protest outside of the Ugandan embassy in South Africa urging Uganda's president not to sign it into law.[76][77][78] Later in 2023, the party was strongly criticized by members of the South African LGBT+ community for inviting Patrick Lumumba, a Kenyan professor known for making homophobic statements and who is publicly supportive of Uganda's 2023 Anti-Homosexuality Bill, to deliver the party's 10th anniversary lecture at the University of Cape Town.[79][80][81][82]

Support base and prominent members

edit

According to a November 2013 Ipsos survey, the party's supporters are younger than average, with 49% being younger than 24, overwhelmingly black (99%) and mostly male, with women representing only 33% of the support base. A disproportionate number of supporters live in Malema's home province of Limpopo (28%), while only 1% live in KwaZulu-Natal, a more populous province.[83] A 2018 survey conducted by social research company Citizen Surveys found that around 70% of EFF supporters were between the ages of 18 and 34, overwhelmingly black (97%), mostly based in major metropolitan cities (48%), predominantly male (62%) with 43% of their support base located in Gauteng Province.[84] The party was expected to make an impact in the 2014 general election, taking between 4 per cent and 8 per cent of the national vote. This was potentially enough for the party to hold the balance of power in provinces where the governing African National Congress was in danger of losing its absolute majority.[47] The ANC retained its absolute majority whilst the EFF got 6.35% of the vote in the 2014 election.[85]

High-profile members of the Central Command Team include Fana Mokoena and Mbuyiseni Ndlozi (National Spokesperson).[86] Controversial businessman Kenny Kunene joined the Central Command Team in July 2013 before resigning from the Central Command Team on 20 August 2013 and from the organisation on 26 August 2013.[87][88] On 4 November 2013, it was announced that Dali Mpofu had left the African National Congress (ANC) after 33 years of membership and joined the EFF.[89] In December 2023, former ANC member and Areta leader Carl Niehaus joined the EFF.[90] On 19 August 2024 EFF leader Julius Malema announced to the party supporters in Soweto that Sinawo Tambo will be replacing former deputy and member of parliament Floyd Shivambu in parliament.[91]

Student wing

edit

The Economic Freedom Fighters Students Command (EFFSC) is the party's student wing, founded on 16 June 2015.[92][93] It campaigns for free education,[94] universal access to education and the elimination of registration fees,[95]

2024 defections

edit

Following electoral losses in the 2024 general election the party experienced a number of high profile defections to the newly formed uMkhonto weSizwe party (MK) which weakened the party further.[96][97] The party's former Limpopo chairperson, Jossey Buthane, defected to the ANC three weeks before the election whilst claiming that further defections would happen in the future.[98] Three months after the election, in August, party co-founder and deputy leader, Floyd Shivambu, defected to MK[97][99] as did Mzwanele Manyi.[100] This was followed by Busisiwe Mkhwebane in October,[101] and the party's former chairperson, Dali Mpofu, in November 2024.[102]

Criticisms and controversies

edit

Allegations of foreign ties

edit

The ANC has accused the Zimbabwean ruling party, the Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front (ZANU–PF), of supporting the EFF in order to destabilise the ANC.[103]

In 2019 President Cyril Ramaphosa stated during a debate in Parliament that he had received numerous intelligence reports that the EFF "is an MI6 project" (a project of the foreign arm of British intelligence agencies).[104] The party's chairperson, Dali Mpofu, said he would shut down the EFF if the claims turned out to be true but he was removed as chairman in the same year.[105]

Alleged corruption

edit

Tenders

edit

A number of articles published by investigative journalists have accused the party of using their influence to earn improper payments from government suppliers in cities where the EFF has significant representative power.[106] An investigation by the amaBhungane centre for investigative journalism stated that the EFF received R500,000 in kickbacks from a company in return for a R1.26 billion contract to manage a fleet of vehicles used by the City of Johannesburg with tacit acquiescence of the Democratic Alliance.[107][108] Another investigation alleges that the party improperly benefited from the awarding of a fuel supply contract for the City of Tshwane netting the party R15 million from successful contractors.[109]

VBS Mutual Bank

edit
See also: VBS Mutual Bank

Following the publication of a South African Reserve Bank report[110] into the collapse of VBS Mutual Bank implicating former EFF deputy president Floyd Shivambu's brother media reports came out alleging that Shivambu, who joined Jacob Zuma's UMkhonto weSizwe (political party) in August 2024, received R10 million in illicit payments from VBS prior to it being placed under curatorship in March 2018.[111][112] Prior to the publication of the Reserve Bank's report the EFF criticised the Reserve Bank for placing VBS under curatorship and accused it of victimising VBS on racial grounds.[113] The EFF stated that it had seen no evidence that Shivambu received the R10 million[114] and called for government to recapitalise VBS Mutual Bank[115] whilst also taking legal action against those mentioned in the Reserve Bank report.[116] A follow-up investigation by the Daily Maverick alleged that the EFF illicitly received R1.8 million of VBS money through a network of proxy companies with the party's leadership (notably Shivambu and Malema) also illicitly receiving money though this network.[117] After being approached by the Mail & Guardian for comment on his personal financial expenses Floyd Shivambu admitted that money from VBS, channeled through his brother, was used to buy his Range Rover Sport valued at R680,000.[118] By June 2021 Shivambu's brother had repaid R4.55 million and admitted to taking VBS money.[119]

A follow-up investigation by the Daily Maverick found that R454,000 of VBS money was used to pay for the 2017 EFF birthday celebration.[120] It also found that a total of R16.1 million was channeled through a Shivambu associated company largely for the benefit of the EFF.[120] An additional investigation traced financial statements from an account that received VBS funds and allegedly controlled by Julius Malema; leading the author of the investigation to estimate that Malema received and directly benefited from R5.3-million illegally taken from VBS.[121] Additional media reports in October 2019, alleged that the party received R4 million of VBS funds into a slush fund that was channeled to Malema via a company named Santaclara Trading.[122][123][124]

A former member of the EFF's leadership accused the party leadership of accepting donations from VBS Mutual Bank prior to its collapse.[125] The South African Parliament’s joint ethics committee found that Shivambu had received at least R180,000, in three payments, of VBS money from his brother's company Sgameka Projects Pty Ltd in 2017; but found no evidence that Malema received any VBS related funds.[126][127]

Malema has forwarded a conspiracy theory that the VBS collapse was part of a plot intended to damage the EFF.[128]

After former VBS chairman Tshifhiwa Matodzi was sentenced to 15 years in prison in July 2024, the Democratic Alliance and ActionSA demanded that police conduct a fresh investigation of Malema and Shivambu.[129]

Connections to violence

edit

In October 2018, a group of seventeen former EFF members and councillors in the Northern Cape accused the party's senior leadership of corruption and sexual exploitation of more junior female party members.[130] Four months later, two former female employees of the EFF claimed that party leadership had intimidated and engaged in acts of bullying behaviour towards them and other party staff members.[131]

Following the temporary removal of eight EFF provincial MPs[132] from Gauteng Provincial Legislature, a large number of EFF members protesting against the ruling stormed the provincial legislature building.[133]

During violent university protests characterized by arson and vandalism, EFF Youth leader Omphile Seleke posted instructions on how to make petrol bombs on social media.[134]

A Vodacom store in Polokwane was damaged and looted by EFF members following a presentation by Corruption Watch at the 2018 Vodacom Awards, which included an image depicting EFF leaders Malema and Shivambu as "abusers of Democracy".[135][136]

Following the 2019 State of the Nation address in parliament by President Ramaphosa, EFF MP Marshall Dlamini physically assaulted a member of the presidential security team after a disagreement between EFF MPs and security.[137]

During an October 2022 speech to members of the Western Cape EFF branch, Malema stated that party members should "never be scared to kill" in pursuit of what Malema described as the party's revolution.[138][139] The South African Human Rights Commission (SAHRC) ruled that the statement—along with seven others made by the EFF, such as "a revolutionary must become a cold killing machine motivated by pure hate"[140]—constituted hate speech.[140][141] The EFF disputed the SAHRC's ruling.[140]

Intimidation of journalists and the media

edit

Journalist Ranjeni Munusamy lodged an affidavit in December 2018 detailing threatening remarks, intimidation, harassment, and personal attacks made by party members, including Malema, towards her and other journalists[142] targeted by the party. The affidavit was supported by the South African National Editors Forum and other notable South African journalists such as Max du Preez, Pauli VanWyk, Adriaan Jurgens Basson, and Barry Bateman.[142] The EFF denied any involvement in attacks on Munusamy and other journalists.[143]

"We need to ask the IEC how such a party can be on the ballot box. It threatens journalists. It encourages its supporters to make rape threats and sexual assault threats. It wants to dictate what I can do as a journalist."
—Karima Brown[144]

South African political journalist Karima Brown was the target of verbal abuse and threats of violence by EFF supporters following the EFF's publication of her personal contact details. This led to charges being laid by the police and Equity Court against the party, amid speculation that the instance might be in breach of South Africa's Electoral Code of Conduct. Parties in breach of the code risk having their registration to run in elections revoked.[145] Regarding the incident, Malema stated that journalists have no privileges, accused Brown of being a state agent, and denied that EFF supporters were making threatening remarks.[146] The court found in favour of Brown and ruled that the EFF had contravened the South African electoral code by inciting its supporters to harass Brown.[147]

Following the publication of an article by the amaBhungane Centre for investigative journalism looking into allegations of corruption by the EFF, the party controversially announced that it would be banning both amaBhungane and the Daily Maverick from its public events[106][148][149] and that they would be treated as enemies of the party.[150]

In 2018, the party's former deputy president, Floyd Shivambu, was filmed and charged with assaulting Netwerk24 journalist Adrian de Kock in Parliament.[151][152] In January 2020, the EFF was forced to publicly apologize and pay damages following a Gauteng High Court judgment that the party had made and spread false allegations that two journalists, Thandeka Gqubule and Anton Harber, had been apartheid-era U.S. 'StratCom' agents.[153][154]

edit

In May 2019, the EFF was found guilty of defamation of character by the South Gauteng High Court and ordered to pay R500,000 in damages to former Finance Minister Trevor Manuel.[155] Manuel brought the EFF and its leader Malema to court after they had alleged that the appointment of Edward Kieswetter as commissioner of SARS by Manuel was the result of nepotism.[155][156] Following the judgement, Manuel stated that he would be donating the R500,000 in damages to victims of the VBS Mutual Bank scandal in which the EFF is alleged to have participated.[157]

Following a string of court-case losses for inciting supporters to commit acts of intimidation (against journalist Brown), land invasion (which case was brought by AfriForum), or defamation of character (against ANC politician Manuel), the party was left with combined court costs amounting to almost R1 million.[158]

Attacking the judiciary

edit

The judicial monitoring organisation Judges Matter[159] and the South African Ministry of Justice[160] have condemned the EFF and its leader Malema for making unsubstantiated comments[159] that, according to Judges Matter, are "an attack on the judiciary, a threat to judicial independence, and almost certainly a violation of the Constitution".[161] This followed accusations Malema made in a criminal case against him for illegally discharging a firearm in a stadium.[161][159][160] Malema accused the magistrate of incompetence and corruption when the magistrate refused to dismiss the case. Malema went on to make unsubstantiated accusations that the judgement was part of a conspiracy against him or his party.[161][162][163] In addition to Malema, other senior EFF members—such as Dali Mpofu and Griffiths Madonsela—have made accusations, without evidence, against the judiciary and attacked the character of individual judges.[162][164]

Racism and ethnic prejudice

edit

Since its establishment, the EFF has made a number of controversial racially- or ethnically-based statements about a number of South African minority groups, particularly white South Africans and Asian South Africans. The party has been criticized for adopting a biological interpretation of race that allows the EFF to easily generalize and attribute racism to particular groups or individuals based on their demographic classification; they are in turn targeted for racial prejudice by the party.[165] This has had a polarizing and radicalizing impact on South African politics.[165] Leaders of the party have targeted a number of public servants, journalists, and communities based on their race.[165]

Anti-white racism

edit

During a 2016 political rally, EFF leader Julius Malema stated, "We are not calling for the slaughter of white people, at least for now." When asked for comment by a news agency, the ANC spokesperson, Zizi Kodwa, stated that there would be no comment from the ANC, as "[Malema] was addressing his own party supporters".[166] While still the ANCYL leader, Malema was taken to the Equality Court by AfriForum for repeatedly singing "dubul' ibhunu", meaning "shoot the Boer". The ANC supported Malema, though AfriForum and the ANC reached a settlement before the appeal case was due to be argued in the Supreme Court of Appeal.[167] A later 2022 hate-speech case brought against Malema by AfriForum for singing the same song found that the song was not hate speech.[168][169]

South Africa's Independent Electoral Commission disqualified EFF councillor Thabo Mabotja from the 2016 local elections due to a tweet by Mabotja calling for the hacking and killing of white South Africans.[170][171] The EFF formally welcomed the commission's decision and renounced Mabotja.[172][173]

Speaking at a political rally in 2018, Malema told supporters to "go after a white man", a reference to Nelson Mandela Bay mayor Athol Trollip, adding that "we are cutting the throat of whiteness".[174] This led to the Democratic Alliance accusing the EFF's leader of racism and not sharing the more tolerant views of South Africans broadly.[175] The EFF later stated that the reference to the "throat of whiteness" was "a metaphorical reference to destroying white privilege" and was "not referring or advocating harm to white people".[176]

Following the death of former Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe, Malema tweeted a number of controversial quotes from the late Mugabe that were malicious towards white people, most notably "The only white man you can trust is a dead white man."[177][178] The SAHRC condemned the quote and stated that it would be taking Malema to court for spreading hate speech.[179]

Anti-Indian racism

edit

The South African Minority Rights Equality Movement initiated a court case against Malema for inciting racial sentiment after he stated that a "majority of Indians are racist" at an EFF Youth Day rally in 2018.[180]

The EFF was criticized by the South African Council of Churches, the Ahmed Kathrada Foundation,[181] and the ANC[182] for comparing Public Enterprises Minister Pravin Gordhan to a "dog" while protesting against the Zondo Commission inquiry into government corruption. The EFF also accused the anti-corruption investigators of being members of an "Indian cabal", in reference to Indian South Africans making up the investigative team.[183][184] The EFF also retaliated against Gordhan by accusing him and his daughter of corruption.[185] These accusations were proven false[186][187] and Gordhan laid charges of defamation against Malema, stating that the EFF's "determined defence of corruption and the corrupt, using personal attacks, racism and alleged hate speech is not acceptable and must be challenged".[188] The Equality Court declared that the EFF was not guilty of hate speech in its statements relating to Gordhan.[189][190] The EFF leadership and its supporters have been criticized for using Gordhan's second name, Jamnadas, as a racial dog whistle to highlight his Indian ethnicity in a pejorative way and question his status as a South African on social media.[191]

ANC member and government minister, the late Jackson Mthembu, accused the EFF of being racist and having a "deep-seated hatred" for Indian South Africans when he criticized the party's pursuit of Gordhan during a parliamentary debate.[192][193]

Ideological criticisms

edit

Accusations of militarism and dictatorial practices

edit

In 2013, the National Union of Metalworkers of South Africa criticized the EFF's "military command structure" and its failure to clarify who should take ownership over nationalized sections of the economy.[194] In April 2019, a former member of the EFF's central command, Thembinkosi Rawula, accused senior party leaders of dictatorial leadership practices.[125] The EFF denied Rawula's accusation and stated that it would sue him for defamation as well as make the party's financial information public.[195]

Allegations of fascism and anti-feminism

edit

The party's practices and racial views have been widely defined as "fascist" by journalists,[196][197][198] commentators,[199][200][201][202] academics,[203][204][205] and other political parties.[206][207] Some commentators have compared its leader Julius Malema, and the party's cult of personality surrounding him, to Adolf Hitler[208][209][210] and Benito Mussolini.[211][212][213] The ANC’s National Executive Committee has described the EFF as a "proto-fascist party run dictatorially".[214] Gareth van Onselen, who worked for the Democratic Alliance for twelve years,[215] accused the party of being "fascist" due to its legacy of racial prejudice in a 2018 article.[216] In mid-June 2016, a group calling themselves "Anonymous Africa", claiming to be associated with the hacktivist group Anonymous, condemned the party and perpetrated a DDoS attack on the EFF's website, stating the reason to be the party's "nationalist socialist rhetoric".[217] South African academic Vishwas Satgar has argued that the EFF is not comparable to fascist parties of the twentieth century, but that it is instead a black neo-fascist party based on the ideologies of centralized state ownership and control along with African nativism.[165] According to Satgar, its appeals to "race baiting, nativist nationalism, hypermasculinity, and disposition to violence are similar in these respects to the new fascisms rising in Europe, the United States, and India."[165]

The EFF's leader has been criticized in the media for the party's lack of focus on feminist politics,[218] with some critics accusing the party of anti-feminism. Feminists have argued that the party's militaristic language undermines its commitment to women's rights, while disaffected female party members have criticized the EFF for having a patriarchal power structure.[219][220]

Election results

edit
 
The EFF's performance by region in the 2024 South African general election..

National elections

edit

National Assembly

edit
Election Total votes Share of vote Seats +/– Government
2014[221] 1,169,259 6.35%
25 / 400
   25 in opposition
2019 1,881,521 10.79%
44 / 400
   19 in opposition
2024 1,529,961 9.52%
39 / 400
   5 in opposition

National Council of Provinces

edit
Election Total # of
seats won 		+/–
2014
7 / 90
   7 in opposition
2019
11 / 90
   4 in opposition
2024
10 / 90
   1 in opposition

Provincial elections

edit
Election
[221][222] 		Eastern Cape Free State Gauteng Kwazulu-Natal Limpopo Mpumalanga North-West Northern Cape Western Cape
% Seats % Seats % Seats % Seats % Seats % Seats % Seats % Seats % Seats
2014 3.48% 2/63 8.15% 2/30 10.30% 8/73 1.85% 2/80 10.74% 6/49 6.26% 2/30 13.21% 5/33 4.96% 2/30 2.11% 1/42
2019 7.84% 5/63 12.58% 4/30 14.69% 11/73 9.71% 8/80 14.43% 7/49 12.79% 4/30 18.36% 6/33 9.71% 3/30 4.04% 2/42
2024 10.14% 8/63 13.52% 4/30 12.93% 11/73 2.26% 2/80 14.12% 9/49 13.87% 7/30 17.37% 7/33 13.25% 4/30 5.30% 2/42

Municipal elections

edit
Election Votes %
2016[223] 3,202,679 8.31%
2021[224] 3,223,828 10.54%

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^ "Target of one million members reached". Archived from the original on 22 December 2022. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
  2. ^ "EFF to launch communism workshops". 17 September 2013. Archived from the original on 14 August 2022. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  3. ^ "S.Africa's ANC gets 46% of vote in municipal elections -final count". Reuters. 4 November 2021. Archived from the original on 11 November 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  4. ^ a b Shandu, Jackie (22 May 2014). "The Sankarist makings of the EFF". Daily Maverick. Johannesburg. Archived from the original on 6 November 2014. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
  5. ^ a b "Economic Freedom Fighters Party reignites debate (in English)". Al Jazeera. 14 October 2013. Archived from the original on 2 November 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  6. ^ Satgar, Vishwas (November 2019). "Black Neofascism? The Economic Freedom Fighters in South Africa". Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue Canadienne de Sociologie. 56 (4): 580–605. doi:10.1111/cars.12265. PMID 31692263. S2CID 207894048.
  7. ^ Kwinika, Savious (18 March 2019). "South Africa: Pan-African EFF Makes Most of Rival Parties' Squabbles". allAfrica. Archived from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
  8. ^ "The Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF), South Africa’s left-leaning and third-largest political party" Al Jazeera, 2 June 2022
  9. ^ "Mr Ramaphosa will have to navigate a domestic politics that on the right sees the Democratic Alliance rising in popularity – it now governs the country’s three most important cities – and on the left is dominated by the noisy populism of the Economic Freedom Fighters." The Guardian, 18 December 2017
  10. ^ "South Africa's opposition EFF introduces bill to nationalise..." Reuters. 17 August 2018. Archived from the original on 18 August 2018. Retrieved 23 March 2019.
  11. ^ South African lawmakers disrupt parliament and demand Zuma #PayBackTheMoney Archived 8 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine. AlJazeera. Published 22 August 2014. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  12. ^ South African parliament descends into chaos Archived 9 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Radio New Zealand. Published 13 February 2015. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  13. ^ [8][9][10][11][12]
  14. ^ "Red Tide: From 'economic freedom' to 'white genocide', extremism grabs the spotlight (in English)". Daily Maverick. 14 October 2013. Archived from the original on 17 October 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  15. ^ Daniel, Luke (2 February 2019). "EFF manifesto launch 2019: Five main talking points". The South African. Archived from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
  16. ^ Meggan Saville (12 July 2013). "Malema launches his Economic Freedom Fighters". Dispatch Online. Archived from the original on 25 July 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
  17. ^ Setumo Stone (11 July 2013). "Malema takes command of Economic Freedom Fighters". Business Day. Archived from the original on 14 July 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
  18. ^ "South Africa election: ANC forced into coalition as it loses votes to Zuma's MK - as it happened". BBC News. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
  19. ^ SAPA (28 July 2013). "EFF readies for election registration as over 1 000 members recruited". The Times. Archived from the original on 30 July 2013. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
  20. ^ Verashni Pillay (5 September 2013). "It's official: Malema's EFF is a political party". Mail & Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 September 2013. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
  21. ^ Genevieve Quintal (5 June 2015). "Litchfield-Tshabalala UDM's new national organiser". Archived from the original on 30 September 2015.
  22. ^ "Elections 2019: Black First Land First". www.sabcnews.com. 21 April 2019. Archived from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  23. ^ "Deputy president dumps UDM as infighting claims surface". The Daily Dispatch. Archived from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  24. ^ Nyathi, Mandisa; Masuabi, Queenin (25 November 2019). "Malema faces an EFF rebellion". CityPress. Archived from the original on 21 December 2019. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
  25. ^ "WATCH: Full Nkandla ConCourt judgment". Business Day Live. Archived from the original on 4 April 2016. Retrieved 10 April 2016.
  26. ^ Emsie Ferreira (6 August 2015). "Lets meet in court, Malema tells Zuma". Archived from the original on 1 February 2016. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
  27. ^ Goba, Neo (27 February 2018). "National Assembly adopts EFF motion on land expropriation". TimesLIVE. Archived from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
  28. ^ Jan Gerber (27 February 2018). "National Assembly adopts motion on land expropriation without compensation". Archived from the original on 20 September 2018. Retrieved 12 October 2018.
  29. ^ Bhengu, Lwandile (1 October 2018). "EFF's student body victory is not a political mirror for 2019 elections' says Sasco". TimesLIVE. Archived from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
  30. ^ Hlati, Okuhle (3 October 2019). "EFF claiming victory in UCT student elections". Independent Online. Archived from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
  31. ^ Kwandokuhle Njoli (30 September 2018). "Comrades see red as students back EFF on campus". Archived from the original on 13 October 2018. Retrieved 12 October 2018.
  32. ^ Wagiet, Rafiq (20 March 2023). "EFF National Shutdown: Did it have the desired effect? No, is the answer..." CapeTalk. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
  33. ^ Davis, Rebecca (20 March 2023). "ANALYSIS: Gaslighters-in-Chief: The true meaning of the EFF's big national fizzle". Daily Maverick. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
  34. ^ Felix, Jason. "Malema hints EFF shutdown low turn-out due to canceled buses, ANC thanks SA for not joining marches". News24. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
  35. ^ Mashigo, Lehlohonolo (21 March 2023). "DA's Solly Malatsi says 'national shutdown' was a mountain that gave birth to a mouse". MSN. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
  36. ^ PesaCheck (20 March 2023). "FALSE: This video is not of Julius Malema's organised 2023 national shutdown in South Africa". Medium. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
  37. ^ Nkanjeni, Unathi. "Electricity minister denies EFF's 'national shutdown' had anything to do with load-shedding suspension". TimesLIVE. Retrieved 25 May 2023.
  38. ^ PesaCheck (30 March 2023). "FALSE: The Economic Freedom Fighters did not stop load shedding". Medium. Retrieved 25 May 2023.
  39. ^ Seeletsa, Molefe (29 June 2024). "'As long as DA, FF Plus aren't included': EFF urges ANC to abandon GNU, join forces". The Citizen.
  40. ^ Naki, Eric (22 August 2024). "EFF in crisis? Shivambu's shift to MK may boost Zuma's influence". The Citizen.
  41. ^ "EFF Constitution" (PDF). Economic Freedom Fighters. The EFF takes socialism as the theoretical basis guiding its thinking and development of its political line and in this respect identifies itself as a MARXIST, LENINIST, and FANONIAN organization.
  42. ^ "About Us". Economic Freedom Fighters. Archived from the original on 13 July 2020. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
  43. ^ Duval Smith, Alex (30 April 2014). "'Africa's Che Guevara': Thomas Sankara's legacy". British Broadcasting Corporation. London. Archived from the original on 1 November 2014. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
  44. ^ "iafrica.com Juju wants death penalty". iafrica.com. 1 September 2016. Archived from the original on 1 September 2016. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
  45. ^ Mashaba, Ntsako (4 September 2019). "Malema slams calls for return of death penalty".
  46. ^ Reporter, Citizen (5 September 2019). "The EFF does not support the death penalty - Malema". The Citizen.
  47. ^ a b "Economic Freedom Fighters on rise in South Africa". The Irish Times. 1 May 2014. Archived from the original on 6 May 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
  48. ^ Feltham, Luke. "Malema says the EFF won't form coalitions, but will support DA in hung metros". The M&G Online. Archived from the original on 28 November 2016. Retrieved 27 November 2016.
  49. ^ "Business Day". www.bdlive.co.za. Archived from the original on 29 December 2015. Retrieved 27 November 2016.
  50. ^ Jordaan, Buchule Raba And Nomahlubi. "Patrice Motsepe has no power' says Malema". Times LIVE. Archived from the original on 27 November 2016. Retrieved 27 November 2016.
  51. ^ John, Victoria. "Yes and no to EFF's list of demands". The M&G Online. Archived from the original on 28 November 2016. Retrieved 27 November 2016.
  52. ^ Lourie, Gugu (3 February 2019). "EFF Wants State To Create AI, Robotics And BioTechnology Firms". TechFinancials. Archived from the original on 17 February 2019. Retrieved 17 February 2019.
  53. ^ "The EFF's 2019 election manifesto (IV) – DOCUMENTS | Politicsweb". www.politicsweb.co.za. Archived from the original on 17 February 2019. Retrieved 17 February 2019.
  54. ^ Tatai, Sello. "SABC News – Malema blames mining companies for high levels of poverty:Thursday 7 July 2016". www.sabc.co.za. Archived from the original on 27 November 2016. Retrieved 27 November 2016.
  55. ^ "Reasons why the EFF rejects the political party funding bill". Archived from the original on 15 September 2018. Retrieved 15 September 2018.
  56. ^ "Fearless Julius Malema – All Africans Should watch this". YouTube. 2 September 2018. Archived from the original on 17 July 2021. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  57. ^ @EFFSouthAfrica (27 April 2020). "#EFFFreedomDayRally Malema: We must..." (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  58. ^ @EFFSouthAfrica (25 May 2018). "#EFFAfricaDay Malema: We celebrate..." (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  59. ^ a b "ANC govt deliberately sabotaging Eskom – EFF - DOCUMENTS | Politicsweb". www.politicsweb.co.za. Archived from the original on 16 May 2022. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  60. ^ Pambo, Vuyani (29 June 2021). "EFF STATEMENT ON THE DEVELOPMENTS IN ESWATINI" (PDF). EFF Online. Economic Freedom Flighters. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  61. ^ Myeni, Thabi. "South Africa's EFF leads peaceful protests at Eswatini borders". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  62. ^ Bhengu, Cebelihle (19 April 2022). "EFF shuts down Eswatini borders — Here's why". TimesLIVE. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  63. ^ "Malema describes eSwatini elections as a mockery of democracy". SABC News. 1 October 2023. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  64. ^ Khumalo, Juniour. "Africa Day: EFF in protest outside French embassy, says continent 'remains at mercy of former colonial masters'". News24. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
  65. ^ France embassy responds to EFF's call for France to withdraw from African affairs, SABC News, archived from the original on 26 May 2022, retrieved 26 May 2022
  66. ^ "A global outpouring of grief mixes with criticism of the monarchy". The New York Times. 9 September 2022. Archived from the original on 9 September 2022. Retrieved 9 September 2022 – via The Indian Express.
  67. ^ "Israel is an 'evil state that must be destroyed' - South Africa's EFF". 19 May 2022. Archived from the original on 14 August 2022. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  68. ^ "EFF demands Israeli ambassador leaves SA as Palestinian death toll climbs to 58". News24. Archived from the original on 11 September 2022. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
  69. ^ "Israel is an evil state. which must be destroyed as a matter of urgency! - EFF - POLITICS | Politicsweb". www.politicsweb.co.za. Archived from the original on 11 September 2022. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
  70. ^ "Israel is an 'evil state that must be destroyed' - South Africa's EFF". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. 19 May 2022. Archived from the original on 14 August 2022. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
  71. ^ Goba, Thabiso. "When EFF governs SA, we'll 'arm Hamas to fight for their freedom' - Malema". ewn.co.za. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  72. ^ Mbolekwa, Sisanda (23 October 2023). "'When we take over in 2024 we will fund Hamas,' says Malema". TimesLIVE. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  73. ^ Morgan, Kayleen. "'If guns were given to Russia it was a good thing' - Malema". ewn.co.za. Archived from the original on 19 May 2023. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
  74. ^ Mashigo, Lehlohonolo (25 October 2022). "EFF congratulates re-election of General-Secretary of Communist Party of China". Independent Online. Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  75. ^ "EFF CONDEMNS UGANDA'S ANTI-HOMOSEXUALITY BILL" (PDF). Economic Freedom Fighters. 24 March 2023. Retrieved 5 April 2023.[permanent dead link‍]
  76. ^ "South African opposition protests Uganda's anti-LGBTQ bill". Yahoo News. 4 April 2023. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
  77. ^ Ramushwana, Alpha. "EFF urges other African countries to unite against Uganda's anti-LGBTQIA+ bill". ewn.co.za. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
  78. ^ Mahlati, Zintle. "WATCH | 'Leave the people as they are': Malema leads picket against Uganda's anti-homosexuality bill". News24. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
  79. ^ Calitz, Ernst (24 July 2023). "CAMPUS STRIFE: UCT students and staff protest against anti-gay academic Patrick Lumumba at EFF event". Daily Maverick. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
  80. ^ Hendricks, Text by Mary-Anne Gontsana Photos by Ashraf (24 July 2023). "Supporters of gay rights and EFF members go head to head at UCT". GroundUp News. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
  81. ^ Charles, Marvin. "WATCH | 'EFF has blood on its hands': UCT students fume as controversial anti-gay academic's talk goes ahead". News24. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
  82. ^ Igual, Roberto (25 July 2023). "EFF and LGBTQI+ students clash over queerphobic professor's UCT lecture". MambaOnline - Gay South Africa online. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
  83. ^ "The supporter profiles of SA's three largest parties". Politicsweb. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 6 February 2014.
  84. ^ "Citizen Surveys: How many white EFF supporters exist, and 11 other stats". Citizen Surveys. 1 November 2018. Archived from the original on 30 September 2019. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
  85. ^ "ANC wins 249 seats". News24. 12 May 2014. Archived from the original on 12 May 2014. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
  86. ^ Economic Freedom Fighters. "Central Command Team". effonline.org. Archived from the original on 12 August 2013. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
  87. ^ Poloko Tau (21 August 2013). "'Sushi King' quits EFF leadership". Independent Online. Archived from the original on 24 August 2013. Retrieved 24 August 2013.
  88. ^ SAPA (26 August 2013). "Kunene quits EFF". News24. Archived from the original on 29 August 2013. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
  89. ^ "Dali Mpofu joins EFF – Cape Times". IOL.co.za. 4 November 2013. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 23 November 2013.
  90. ^ "Carl Niehaus joins EFF". iol.co.za. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
  91. ^ "EFF's Sinawo Thambo replaces Shivambu in Parliament following resignation". iol.co.za. Retrieved 22 August 2024.
  92. ^ Mabasa, Nkateko (4 October 2018). "RISE OF THE EFF YOUTH: EFF Students Command brigades take university SRC elections by storm". Daily Maverick. Archived from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 24 April 2020.
  93. ^ Riddle, Samantha (23 January 2019). "EFF student command secretary, Aseza Mayaphi, arrested for wearing SANDF uniform". briefly.co.za. Archived from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 24 April 2020.
  94. ^ "EFF Students Command issues fierce warning to universities". The South African. 21 January 2019. Archived from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
  95. ^ "EFF Students Command demands fee-free registration at universities… or else". News24. Archived from the original on 22 November 2019. Retrieved 24 April 2020.
  96. ^ Rose, Rob (22 August 2024). "Defections leave South Africa's radical EFF party at risk of 'imploding'". Financial Times. Retrieved 9 November 2024.
  97. ^ a b Masuabi, Queenin (15 August 2024). "Five ways Floyd Shivambu's defection from EFF could harm Malema's party". Daily Maverick. Retrieved 9 November 2024.
  98. ^ Eyaaz (16 May 2024). "Defector Jossey Buthane says EFF is 'bleeding support' in Limpopo". The Mail & Guardian. Retrieved 9 November 2024.
  99. ^ "Floyd Shivambu's defection shakes South Africa's EFF and Julius Malema". BBC News. 24 August 2024. Retrieved 9 November 2024.
  100. ^ Nkadimeng, Innocentia (16 August 2024). "'At a difficult time in his life, Malema accepted him': Niehaus on Manyi leaving EFF to join MK Party". Times Live.
  101. ^ Goba, Thabiso. "Mkhwebane joins MK Party after dumping the EFF". EWN. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
  102. ^ "Dali Mpofu's defection: Behind the exodus from Malema's EFF to Zuma's MK party". BBC News. 7 November 2024. Retrieved 9 November 2024.
  103. ^ Natasha Marrian (29 July 2013). "Mantashe hits out at EFF for 'distorting the Freedom Charter'". Business Day. Archived from the original on 1 August 2013. Retrieved 30 July 2013.
  104. ^ Cele, S'thembile (14 February 2019). "Ramaphosa: I was warned that the 'EFF was an MI6 project'". City Press. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
  105. ^ "Mpofu promises to shut EFF down if MI6 allegations turn out to be true". The Citizen. 18 February 2019. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
  106. ^ a b "Malema and EFF get R15m in 'kickbacks' in Tshwane fuel scandal – report". citizen.co.za. 30 September 2019. Archived from the original on 1 October 2019. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
  107. ^ Micah Reddy and Stefaans Brümmer (29 November 2018). "Firm that won R1bn Jo'burg fleet contract paid Malema-EFF 'slush-fund' – amaBhungane". amabhungane.org. Archived from the original on 30 November 2018. Retrieved 29 November 2018.
  108. ^ "Tender comrades part 1: Trailing the Juju tractor". amaBhungane. Archived from the original on 17 October 2019. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
  109. ^ amaBhungane, Stefaans Brummer & Micah Reddy for (29 September 2019). "AMABHUNGANE: Tender Comrades Part Two: Tshwane tenderpreneur's R15m 'EFF tithe'". Daily Maverick. Archived from the original on 10 October 2019. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
  110. ^ Motau, Terry (10 October 2018). "The Great Bank Heist: Investigator's Report to the Prudential Authority" (PDF). South African Reserve Bank. p. 135. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  111. ^ Van Wyk, Pauli (11 October 2018). "The Shivambu Brothers and the Great VBS Heist". Daily Maverick. Archived from the original on 11 October 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  112. ^ Jika, Sabelo Skiti, Thanduxolo (12 October 2018). "PIC, VBS, Floyd and his baby brother". The M&G Online. Archived from the original on 12 October 2018. Retrieved 13 October 2018.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  113. ^ Ndlozi, Mbuyiseni Quintin (11 March 2018). "EFF STATEMENT ON VBS CURATORSHIP | EFF: Economic Freedom Fighters". Economic Freedom Fighters. Archived from the original on 13 October 2018. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
  114. ^ "Money was exchanged – but Floyd did not get any from VBS bank, says Malema". Archived from the original on 16 October 2018. Retrieved 16 October 2018.
  115. ^ Zintle, Mahlati (16 October 2018). "EFF calls for VBS to be recapitalised | IOL News". IOL. Archived from the original on 16 October 2018. Retrieved 16 October 2018.
  116. ^ Mvumvu, Zingisa (16 October 2018). "Malema: VBS allegations meant to 'discredit the EFF'". Dispatch Live. Archived from the original on 16 October 2018. Retrieved 16 October 2018.
  117. ^ Wyk, Pauli Van (21 November 2018). "VBS bank heist: EFF's family ties and moneyed connections". Daily Maverick. Archived from the original on 21 November 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  118. ^ Skiti, Thanduxolo Jika, Sabelo (26 September 2019). "VBS's R680k paid for Floyd's wheels". The M&G Online. Archived from the original on 30 September 2019. Retrieved 30 September 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  119. ^ Wyk, Pauli Van (6 June 2021). "SCORPIO: Floyd Shivambu's brother quietly pays back R4.55m, admits he received the VBS money gratuitously". Daily Maverick. Archived from the original on 7 June 2021. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
  120. ^ a b Wyk, Pauli Van (27 May 2019). "SCORPIO: 'Cruising nicely' on VBS: EFF's Parties, Lies and Looted Money". Daily Maverick. Archived from the original on 2 June 2019. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
  121. ^ Wyk, Pauli Van (8 September 2019). "SCORPIO: VBS Theft, Money Laundering & Life's Little Luxuries: Julius Malema's time of spending dangerously". Daily Maverick. Archived from the original on 30 September 2019. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
  122. ^ "Over R4m in 'concerning' payments made into Malema slush fund – report". citizen.co.za. 13 October 2019. Archived from the original on 17 October 2019. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
  123. ^ "Julius Malema's 'slush fund' exposed". TimesLIVE. Archived from the original on 16 October 2019. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
  124. ^ "Malema linked to another company that had a VBS loan – report". News24. 13 October 2019. Archived from the original on 17 October 2019. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
  125. ^ a b Lizeka Tandwa and Tshidi Madia (5 April 2019). "Former EFF leader accuses Malema, Shivambu of taking VBS donation, party denies claims". News24. Archived from the original on 8 April 2019. Retrieved 9 April 2019.
  126. ^ Maliti, Jason Felix and Soyiso. "Parliament closes Malema's VBS Bank file due to lack of evidence". News24. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  127. ^ Merten, Marianne (2 October 2023). "Ethics committee raps Floyd Shivambu on knuckles over VBS payments". Daily Maverick. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  128. ^ "WATCH: 'VBS was meant to collapse and finish EFF' – Malema". News24. 3 May 2019. Archived from the original on 1 June 2019. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
  129. ^ "Calls To Probe S.Africa Opposition Chief In Collapsed Bank Scandal". Agence France-Presse. 12 July 2024. Retrieved 17 July 2024 – via Barron's.
  130. ^ reporter, Citizen (7 October 2018). "Expelled EFF members accuse Malema, Shivambu of corruption, want to work with Hawks". The Citizen. Archived from the original on 13 October 2018. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
  131. ^ Peter, Zamayirha (16 February 2019). "More women make claims of EFF bullying and abuse". CityPress. Archived from the original on 22 February 2019. Retrieved 22 February 2019.
  132. ^ "EFF kicked out of Gauteng Legislature". enca.co.za. 1 July 2014. Archived from the original on 28 July 2014. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
  133. ^ "EFF storm Gauteng Provincial Legislature". ewn.co.za. 24 July 2014. Archived from the original on 29 July 2014. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
  134. ^ de Lange, Ilse (29 February 2016). "EFF's 'petrol bomb recipe' fuels Tuks fears". The Citizen. Archived from the original on 14 April 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
  135. ^ Seleka, Ntwaagae (4 December 2018). "'Matter now closed' – EFF, Vodacom issue joint statement following unrest". News24. Archived from the original on 2 January 2019. Retrieved 1 January 2019.
  136. ^ Staff Writer (4 December 2018). "Why Vodacom met with the EFF". mybroadband.co.za. Archived from the original on 1 January 2019. Retrieved 1 January 2019.
  137. ^ Gerber, Jan (8 February 2019). "EFF MP slaps man after SONA". www.news24.com. Archived from the original on 9 February 2019. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
  138. ^ "Malema reported to SAHRC for latest 'kill' remarks – AfriForum - DOCUMENTS | Politicsweb". www.politicsweb.co.za. Archived from the original on 23 October 2022. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
  139. ^ Reporter, Citizen (21 October 2022). "'Never be scared to kill': AfriForum reports Malema to SAHRC for 'inciting' violence". The Citizen. Archived from the original on 23 October 2022. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
  140. ^ a b c "Dispute between EFF and Human Rights Commission heading for equality court". The Mail & Guardian. 11 November 2022. Archived from the original on 20 March 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
  141. ^ Khumalo, Juniour. "SAHRC declares Malema's 'killing is a revolutionary act' statements hate speech". News24. Archived from the original on 11 November 2022. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
  142. ^ a b Munusamy, Ranjeni (19 December 2018). "Supporting Affidavit: Navaranjeni Munusamy" (PDF). South African National Editors Forum. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 January 2019. Retrieved 1 January 2019.
  143. ^ Shange, Naledi (19 December 2018). "EFF denies involvement in attacks on journalists". www.timeslive.co.za. Archived from the original on 1 January 2019. Retrieved 1 January 2019.
  144. ^ "Karima Brown vows to lay further complaints as EFF supporters continue to attack". African News Agency. 20 March 2016. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 6 March 2019.
  145. ^ "Karima Brown vows to lay further complaints as EFF supporters continue to attack | IOL News". www.iol.co.za. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
  146. ^ "'How do you hold an underground editor accountable ' – Malema on Karima Brown matter". News24. 6 March 2019. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
  147. ^ Davis, Rebecca (6 June 2019). "REPORT: EFF court losses mount as Karima Brown wins battle, but faces criticism of her own". Daily Maverick. Archived from the original on 16 June 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2019.
  148. ^ Maverick, Daily (12 September 2019). "Editorial: This is What Panic Looks Like". Daily Maverick. Archived from the original on 17 October 2019. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
  149. ^ "Sanef 'appalled' by Malema's call to ban amaBhungane, Daily Maverick's Scorpio from EFF events". News24. 13 September 2019. Archived from the original on 17 October 2019. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
  150. ^ "Malema bans amaBhungane and Daily Maverick's Scorpio from EFF events: 'We shall treat them as enemies'". News24. 12 September 2019. Archived from the original on 17 October 2019. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
  151. ^ Evans, Jenni (21 March 2018). "'I'm sorry my brother,' says Shivambu to journo following scuffle". The Mail & Guardian. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  152. ^ Evans, Jenni. "Photographer denies using Shivambu assault charge to make money". News24. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  153. ^ "EFF retracts 'Stratcom agent' allegations against Gqubule and Harber, apologises after court order". News24. 25 January 2020. Archived from the original on 25 January 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
  154. ^ Snijman, Lia (24 January 2020). "NEWSFLASH: EFF, Ndlozi have twenty-four hours to pay damages to journalists". Daily Maverick. Archived from the original on 24 January 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
  155. ^ a b Quintal, Genevieve (30 May 2019). "Court vindicates Trevor Manuel in defamation battle with EFF". BusinessLIVE. Archived from the original on 1 June 2019. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
  156. ^ Modise, Kgomotso. "Challenge me, don't defame – Manuel to EFF in Kieswetter nepotism matter". ewn.co.za. Archived from the original on 1 June 2019. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
  157. ^ Khumalo, Sibongile (31 May 2019). "Trevor Manuel: I don't need a cent of EFF money". Fin24. Archived from the original on 31 May 2019. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
  158. ^ Watson, Amanda (19 June 2019). "EFF wallows in legal debt of almost R1m". citizen.co.za. Archived from the original on 19 June 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2019.
  159. ^ a b c Patrick, Alex. "'Chilling message' if left unchallenged: Judiciary watchdog condemns Malema's attack on magistrate". News24. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  160. ^ a b Maphanga, Canny (23 October 2023). "Malema condemned for attack on judiciary officer". SABC News. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  161. ^ a b c Wicks, Bernadette. "EFF leader Julius Malema reluctant to apologise to Judges Matter". ewn.co.za. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  162. ^ a b Suttner, Raymond (11 April 2022). "The EFF, the judiciary and the necessity to still be freedom fighters". Daily Maverick. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  163. ^ Sithole, Siyabonga (24 October 2023). "Malema slammed for populist attack on the judiciary". IOL. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  164. ^ Grootes, Stephen (6 February 2022). "Malema and Mpofu lead EFF's assault on SA judiciary Malema and Mpofu lead EFF's assault on SA judiciary". Daily Maverick. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  165. ^ a b c d e Satgar, Vishwas (5 November 2019). "Black Neofascism? The Economic Freedom Fighters in South Africa". Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue Canadienne de Sociologie. 56 (4): 580–605. doi:10.1111/cars.12265. ISSN 1755-6171. PMID 31692263. S2CID 207894048. Archived from the original on 23 October 2022. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
  166. ^ "Malema slammed for comments on whites". ENCA. 8 November 2016. Archived from the original on 17 April 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
  167. ^ Cropley, Ed (31 October 2012). "South Africa's ANC, whites agree to silence "Shoot the Boer"". Reuters. Archived from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
  168. ^ Broughton, Tania (25 August 2022). "GROUNDUP: EFF singing of 'Kill the Boer, Kill the Farmer' not hate speech, court rules". Daily Maverick. Archived from the original on 23 October 2022. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
  169. ^ "Malema, Economic Freedom Fighters singing 'Kill the Boer' ruled not hate speech". The Mail & Guardian. 25 August 2022. Archived from the original on 23 October 2022. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
  170. ^ "IEC disqualifies EFF councillor for racist tweet". eNCA. 29 August 2016. Archived from the original on 14 April 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
  171. ^ "EFF councillor candidate disqualified after calling for whites to be 'hacked and killed' reports". News24. 29 July 2016. Archived from the original on 20 October 2019. Retrieved 20 October 2019.
  172. ^ "'He's on his own' Juju says of Mabotja". eNCA. Archived from the original on 20 October 2019. Retrieved 20 October 2019.
  173. ^ "Electoral Court right to give Thabo Mabotja the chop". www.politicsweb.co.za. Archived from the original on 20 October 2019. Retrieved 20 October 2019.
  174. ^ "'We are cutting the throat of whiteness' – Malema on plans to remove Trollip". News24. Archived from the original on 18 June 2018. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
  175. ^ "South Africans don't share Malema's racist views – Maimane | IOL News". Archived from the original on 11 March 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
  176. ^ Thambo, Sinawo (27 March 2019). "OPINIONISTA: Empty analysis will not deter the EFF from its core task — reaching out to the electorate". Daily Maverick. Archived from the original on 22 April 2019. Retrieved 22 April 2019.
  177. ^ "Yep, it's hate speech, says SAHRC on Julius Malema's 'dead white man' tweet". TimesLIVE. Archived from the original on 17 October 2019. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
  178. ^ Grootes, Stephen (15 September 2019). "ANALYSIS: Malema's Mugabe closing gambit". Daily Maverick. Archived from the original on 17 October 2019. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
  179. ^ "SAHRC to take Malema to court for hate speech". South African Human Rights Commission. 19 September 2019. Archived from the original on 17 October 2019. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
  180. ^ Mngoma, Nosipho (18 June 2018). "Group to take #JuliusMalema to court for racist rant | IOL News". www.iol.co.za. The Mercury. Archived from the original on 2 January 2019. Retrieved 1 January 2019.
  181. ^ "'No one is going to intimidate us' – EFF hits back at clergy and Ahmed Kathrada Foundation". News24. Archived from the original on 23 November 2018. Retrieved 23 November 2018.
  182. ^ "'EFF bullies' trying to 'hide their own shenanigans' – ANC chief whip Mthembu". News24. Archived from the original on 23 November 2018. Retrieved 23 November 2018.
  183. ^ "'Indian cabal' narrative is to protect the looting project". CityPress. Archived from the original on 22 November 2018. Retrieved 23 November 2018.
  184. ^ "Malema to Gordhan: I am not scared of the Indian cabal". eNCA. Archived from the original on 1 January 2019. Retrieved 1 January 2019.
  185. ^ Smit, Sarah (23 November 2018). "Gordhan decries EFF attack on daughter". The M&G Online. Archived from the original on 1 January 2019. Retrieved 1 January 2019.
  186. ^ Jean le Roux, Kyle Cowan, Pieter du Toit and Adriaan Basson (28 November 2018). "FACT CHECKED: EFF's charges against Pravin Gordhan". News24. Archived from the original on 1 January 2019. Retrieved 1 January 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  187. ^ Poplak, Richard (28 November 2018). "SnowBank – BLEFF, Pravin Gordhan and the imaginary R6..." Daily Maverick. Archived from the original on 1 January 2019. Retrieved 1 January 2019.
  188. ^ Ndaba, Baldwin (26 November 2018). "Pravin Gordhan lays defamation charges against Malema | IOL News". www.iol.co.za. Archived from the original on 2 January 2019. Retrieved 1 January 2019.
  189. ^ Sutherland, Roland (31 October 2019). "Pravin Gordhan vs Julius Malema". www.politicsweb.co.za. Archived from the original on 4 November 2019. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
  190. ^ "Judge slates Malema's 'juvenile' rant as EFF leader wins case against Gordhan". TimesLIVE. Archived from the original on 3 November 2019. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
  191. ^ Snijman, Lia (23 January 2020). "POPULIST DOG WHISTLES: Pravin Jamnadas Gordhan, a case study: When your name is weaponised on Twitter". Daily Maverick. Archived from the original on 25 January 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
  192. ^ Makinana, Andisiwe (17 July 2019). "'Of course, you are racist. You are,' Jackson Mthembu tells EFF MPs". TimesLIVE. Archived from the original on 30 September 2019. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
  193. ^ van Diemen, Ethan (18 July 2019). "Cigarettes, corruption and racism: Why the EFF hates Gordhan, according to Jackson Mthembu". News24. Archived from the original on 4 September 2019. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
  194. ^ Shanti Aboobaker (29 December 2013). "Numsa wary of 'capitalist' Malema". Sunday Independent. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014.
  195. ^ Tandwa, Lizeka (10 April 2019). "Malema to sue Rawula, offers journalists access to EFF's financial records". News24. Archived from the original on 11 April 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2019.
  196. ^ Haffajee, Ferial (13 September 2020). "ANALYSIS: From schoolyard bullies to emerging fascists: The EFF's unstoppable politics of violence". Daily Maverick. Archived from the original on 10 November 2020. Retrieved 9 February 2022.
  197. ^ "Fascism and the EFF: Or how to gaslight the media - The Mail & Guardian". 28 March 2018. Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
  198. ^ "Political analyst: EFF is a fascist organisation". POWER 98.7. 3 July 2018. Archived from the original on 10 November 2020. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  199. ^ "EFF's fascist agenda rapidly clarifies itself through Malema's racial outbursts". Archived from the original on 19 November 2020. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
  200. ^ "No country for appeasers as fascism rises in South Afri..." 17 December 2019. Archived from the original on 13 November 2020. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
  201. ^ Gareth van Onselen (26 March 2018). "Why The EFF Is A Fascist Political Party by Gareth van Onselen, 26 March 2018 | South African History Online". Sahistory.org.za. Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  202. ^ Lagardien, Ismail (13 March 2023). "The EFF, violence and the national shutdown – echoes of Mussolini's March on Rome". Daily Maverick. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  203. ^ "The EFF's wrecking ball politics is fascist rather than left - The Mail & Guardian". 4 April 2017. Archived from the original on 14 November 2020. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
  204. ^ "Democracy, fascism and the future of the EFF". www.news.uct.ac.za. Archived from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 9 February 2022.
  205. ^ Satgar, Vishwas (2019). "Black Neofascism? The Economic Freedom Fighters in South Africa". Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue Canadienne de Sociologie. 56 (4): 580–605. doi:10.1111/cars.12265. PMID 31692263. S2CID 207894048 – via ResearchGate.
  206. ^ Nxumalo, Mphathi (11 November 2020). "Jewish Board of Deputies, EFF slam DA Nazi tweet". iol. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  207. ^ Zeeman, Kyle (16 November 2020). "Helen Zille defends EFF 'Nazis' claim, compares Malema to Hitler". TimesLIVE. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  208. ^ Smith, David; Johannesburg (7 August 2013). "South African politician Julius Malema likened to Hitler and Mussolini". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  209. ^ Lagardien, Ismail (17 December 2019). "With echoes of Adolf Hitler, Julius Malema makes his move to establish an African reich". Daily Maverick. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  210. ^ Feinberg, Tali (7 December 2020). "Video comparing Malema to Hitler sparks conflict". Jewish Report. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  211. ^ Lagardien, Ismail (7 February 2022). "OPINIONISTA: Julius Malema: The one man who can bring down the republic". Daily Maverick. Archived from the original on 9 February 2022. Retrieved 9 February 2022.
  212. ^ "South African politician Julius Malema likened to Hitler and Mussolini". the Guardian. 7 August 2013. Archived from the original on 9 February 2022. Retrieved 9 February 2022.
  213. ^ Malala, Justice (26 March 2018). "JUSTICE MALALA: Malema's fascism is showing as Ramaphosa cleans house". BusinessLIVE. Archived from the original on 9 February 2022. Retrieved 9 February 2022.
  214. ^ Masuabi, Queenin (24 October 2023). "ANC NEC supports cutting ties with 'dictatorial' EFF and pro-Israel PA". Daily Maverick. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  215. ^ "Gareth van Onselen". HuffPost. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
  216. ^ Gareth van Onselen (26 March 2018). "Why The EFF Is A Fascist Political Party by Gareth van Onselen, 26 March 2018 | South African History Online". Sahistory.org.za. Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  217. ^ "EXCLUSIVE: Why Anonymous 'hacked' the SABC, Gupta websites". Fin24. Archived from the original on 17 June 2016. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
  218. ^ Ebrahim, Shaazia (9 May 2017). "Nine times we questioned the EFF's feminist politics". The Daily Vox. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  219. ^ Siphokazi Magadla (2013). "EFF & the Return of the Warrior Citizen". Thought Leader. Archived from the original on 10 April 2014.
  220. ^ Bendile, Dineo (7 September 2018). "Patriarchy is no effing joke". The Mail & Guardian. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  221. ^ a b "2014 National and Provincial Elections Results – 2014 National and Provincial Election Results". IEC. Archived from the original on 10 May 2014. Retrieved 11 May 2014.
  222. ^ "Results Dashboard". www.elections.org.za. Archived from the original on 11 May 2019. Retrieved 11 May 2019.
  223. ^ "Results Summary – All Ballots" (PDF). elections.org.za. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 August 2016. Retrieved 11 August 2016.
  224. ^ "2021 Results Summary – All Ballots" (PDF). elections.org.za. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 November 2021. Retrieved 6 November 2021.

Further reading

edit
edit
Retrieved from "https://en.wiki.x.io/w/index.php?title=Economic_Freedom_Fighters&oldid=1263963521"