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A double plural is a plural form to which an extra suffix has been added, mainly because the original plural suffix (or other variation) had become unproductive and therefore irregular. So the form as a whole was no longer seen as a plural, an instance of morphological leveling. For example, if "geese" (the plural) became the word for "goose" (the singular) in a future version of English, a word geeses might become the licit plural form.[1]
Examples
editEnglish and Dutch
editExamples of this can be seen in the history of English and Dutch. Historically, the general English plural markers were not only -s or -en but also (in certain specific declensions) -ra and -ru (which is still rather general today in German under the form -er). The ancient plural of child was "cildra/cildru", to which an -en suffix was later added when the -ra and -ru became unused.[2] The Dutch plural form kind-er-en and the corresponding Zeelandic form kind-er-s are also double plurals which were formed in the same way as the English double plurals, while for example German and Limburgian have (historically conservative) single plurals such as Kind-er.
Breeches is an example involving an old plural that did not use a suffix. It was formerly breech which came from Old English brec which was the plural of broc.
References
edit
- ^ Nordquist, Richard. "Double Plurals in English". ThoughtCo. Retrieved October 28, 2024.
- ^ Moylan, Peter. "Double Plural". Peter & Lynne's place. Retrieved October 28, 2024.
Further reading
edit- Alexiadou, Artemis (2024). "Double plural marking in language mixing and the building blocks of nominals". Glossa. 9. doi:10.16995/glossa.11585.
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