The World First-Class Universities and First-Class Academic Disciplines Construction (世界一流大学和一流学科建设), together known as Double First-Class Construction (双一流建设),[1][2][3][4] is a higher education development and sponsorship scheme of the Chinese central government, initiated in 2015.[5][6] There are 147 universities and colleges selected to be part of the program.[7][8]
 Map of the universities and colleges selected for the Double First-Class Construction | |
| Formation | 2015 |
|---|---|
Region | China |
Membership | 147 universities nationwide |
The program was initiated by the Xi Jinping administration in 2015 to replace the original higher education development programs Project 211 and Project 985, established by the Jiang Zemin administration in 1990s.[9]
History
editIn October 2015, the State Council of China published the "Overall Plan for Promoting the Construction of World First-Class Universities and First-Class Disciplines" (Double First-Class Construction), which made new arrangements for the development of higher education in China, replacing previous higher education projects.[5][10]
In June 2016, the Ministry of Education of China announced that the Project 211 and Project 985 had already been abolished and replaced by the Double First-Class Construction Initiative.[11][12]
In September 2017, the full list of the universities and their disciplines of the Double First-Class Construction was jointly published by the Ministry of Education of China, the Ministry of Finance of China and the National Development and Reform Commission of China. According to the list, 140 universities have been approved as 'Double First-Class Construction Universities' by the State Council of China. The Double First-Class Construction policy underlines that driving the overall development of universities by building and strengthening their faculties and departments, and ultimately develop the Double First-Class Construction Universities into world-class universities by 2050.[5][13][14]
In February 2022, the "Some Suggestions on Further Promoting the Construction of World First-Class Universities and First-Class Disciplines" were jointly published by the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Finance, and the National Development and Reform Commission.[15] In addition, with the approval of the State Council of China, the updated Phase 2 list of "Double First-Class Construction Universities" has been released. According to the Phase 2 List of the Double First-Class Construction, the previous university classifications have been abolished, and a total number of 147 universities have been included in the plan (accounted for 4.88% of 3,012 Chinese higher education institutions), after 7 universities newly adding into the list since February 2022.[16][17][18]
The purpose of the program is to "enhance the comprehensive strength and international competitiveness of China's higher education." The phase-specific objectives include that "an increasing number of Chinese universities and their disciplines join the ranks of world-class institutions, and a number of universities enter the forefront of global excellence, with a group of disciplines reaching the forefront of world-class standings by 2030," and "developing the Double First-Class Construction Universities into world-class higher education institutions through building and strengthening their faculties and departments by the mid-21st century."[5][19][7]
List of Double First-Class Construction universities
editThe Phase 1 list of 140 Double First-Class Construction Universities were jointly issued by Chinese Ministry of Education, Ministry of Finance, and National Development and Reform Commission without any ranking within the lists (by "school code") in 2017.[14] In February 2022, the Ministry of Education of China announced that the classifications had been invalidated,[16] and the universities included in the Double First-Class Construction should be referred to as Double First-Class Construction Universities.[20][21] According to the updated Phase 2 list of the Double First-Class Construction (without any ranking within the list), a total of 147 universities have been approved and recognized as Double First-Class Construction Universities.[18]
* represent the newly added universities in the Phase 2 list of Double First-Class Construction.
Re-assessment
editAccording to the 'Phase 2 List of the Double First-Class Construction Initiative' jointly published by the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Finance, and the National Development and Reform Commission in February 2022, 15 universities received warnings on their Double First-Class status revocation (including Anhui University, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Central China Normal University, Guangxi University, Inner Mongolia University, Liaoning University, Ningbo University, Ningxia University, Northeast Normal University, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Tibet University, Third Military Medical University, Xinjiang University, Yanbian University, and Zhongnan University of Economics and Law). These 15 universities were required to rectify and improve their research qualities and development, and if the universities failed to pass the final assessment in 2024, they would lose their Double First-Class Construction statuses.[22][23]
See also
edit
- List of universities in China
- State Key Laboratories, a group of key laboratories sponsored and supervised by the central government of China
- Project 985, an abolished project of developing 39 leading research universities in China
- Project 211, an abolished program for developing China's comprehensive universities
- Excellence League, an alliance of leading Chinese universities with strong backgrounds in engineering
References
edit- ^ Liu, Shengbo; Luo, Xiaoting; Liu, Miaomiao (2023). "Was Chinese Double-First Class Construction Policy Influential? Analysis Using Propensity Score Matching". Sustainability. 15 (8): 6378. doi:10.3390/su15086378. ISSN 2071-1050.
- ^ "The Double First-Class Construction Alliance established". english.pku.edu.cn. Retrieved January 13, 2024.
- ^ "第二轮'双一流'建设高校及建设学科名单 The second round of double first-class construction universities and construction disciplines list" (PDF). Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved January 13, 2024.
- ^ "深入推进新一轮'双一流'建设 Deeply promote a new round of double first-class construction". Xinhua News Agency. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
- ^ a b c d "国务院关于印发统筹推进世界一流大学和一流学科建设总体方案的通知_政府信息公开专栏". www.gov.cn. Archived from the original on April 6, 2019. Retrieved December 24, 2021.
- ^ "教育部 财政部 国家发展改革委关于公布世界一流大学和一流学科建设高校及建设学科名单的通知 - 中华人民共和国教育部政府门户网站". www.moe.gov.cn. Archived from the original on March 27, 2019. Retrieved January 6, 2024.
- ^ a b "Implementation measures released for China's new world-class university policy". Archived from the original on March 17, 2020. Retrieved September 26, 2017.
- ^ "全国高等学校名单 - 中华人民共和国教育部政府门户网站". www.moe.gov.cn. Archived from the original on January 10, 2022. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
- ^ "985、211已成为历史 统筹为"双一流"建设高校". 浙江省温州市鹿城区人民政府. Archived from the original on November 2, 2024. Retrieved November 2, 2024.
- ^ Li, Jian; Xue, Eryong (2021), Li, Jian; Xue, Eryong (eds.), "The Policy Analysis of Creating World-Class Universities in China", Creating World-Class Universities in China : Ideas, Policies, and Efforts, Exploring Education Policy in a Globalized World: Concepts, Contexts, and Practices, Singapore: Springer, pp. 1–33, doi:10.1007/978-981-16-6726-8_1, ISBN 978-981-16-6725-1, S2CID 240467383, archived from the original on April 17, 2022
- ^ "教育部 国务院学位委员会 国家语委关于 宣布失效一批规范性文件的通知 - 中华人民共和国教育部政府门户网站". www.moe.gov.cn. Archived from the original on March 7, 2019. Retrieved December 19, 2022.
- ^ ""985""211"工程将废除 教育部:年内启动"双一流"_新闻频道_中华网". news.china.com. Archived from the original on December 19, 2022. Retrieved December 19, 2022.
- ^ "双一流大学 (shuāngyīliú dàxué): Double top university plan". Archived from the original on September 25, 2017. Retrieved September 26, 2017.
- ^ a b "教育部 财政部 国家发展改革委 关于公布世界一流大学和一流学科建设高校及建设 学科名单的通知 (Notice from the Ministry of Education and other national governmental departments announcing the list of double first class universities and disciplines)" (in Simplified Chinese). Archived from the original on March 27, 2019. Retrieved September 26, 2017.
- ^ "教育部 财政部 国家发展改革委关于深入推进世界一流大学和一流学科建设的若干意见 - 中华人民共和国教育部政府门户网站". www.moe.gov.cn. Archived from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
- ^ a b 财经头条. "教育部: 双一流高校不再区分A类B类, 避免划分"三六九等"". cj.sina.com.cn. Archived from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
- ^ "'World-class' universities list expanded - People's Daily Online". en.people.cn. Archived from the original on February 15, 2022. Retrieved February 19, 2022.
- ^ a b "教育部 财政部 国家发展改革委关于公布第二轮"双一流"建设高校及建设学科名单的通知 - 中华人民共和国教育部政府门户网站". www.moe.gov.cn. Archived from the original on March 12, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
- ^ "China to develop 42 world-class universities". People's Daily. September 21, 2017. Archived from the original on August 12, 2020. Retrieved September 26, 2017.
- ^ "教育部: 逐步淡化一流大学建设高校和一流学科建设高校的身份色彩". news.cyol.com. Archived from the original on February 8, 2022. Retrieved February 8, 2022.
- ^ "教育部2022年工作要点 - 中华人民共和国教育部政府门户网站". www.moe.gov.cn. Archived from the original on February 8, 2022. Retrieved February 8, 2022.
- ^ "教育部 财政部 国家发展改革委 关于公布第二轮"双一流"建设高校及 建设学科名单的通知 - 中华人民共和国教育部政府门户网站". www.moe.gov.cn. Archived from the original on March 12, 2022. Retrieved January 26, 2023.
- ^ "16个首轮"双一流"建设学科被公开警示或撤销, 如何看待-光明日报-光明网". epaper.gmw.cn. Archived from the original on January 26, 2023. Retrieved January 26, 2023.