Dopachrome tautomerase

Dopachrome tautomerase (dopachrome delta-isomerase, tyrosine-related protein 2), also known as DCT, is a human gene. Its expression is regulated by the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF).

DCT
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 4HX1
Identifiers
Aliases	DCT, TRP-2, TYRP2, dopachrome tautomerase, OCA8
External IDs	OMIM: 191275; MGI: 102563; HomoloGene: 1447; GeneCards: DCT; OMA:DCT - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 13 (human) Band 13q32.1 Start 94,436,811 bp End 94,479,682 bp
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 14 (mouse) Band 14 E4|14 61.6 cM Start 118,250,202 bp End 118,289,656 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in skin of thigh skin of arm secondary oocyte nipple skin of hip vulva human penis retinal pigment epithelium testicle skin of abdomen Top expressed in iris ciliary body stria vascularis hair follicle retinal pigment epithelium utricle epithelium of lens corneal stroma skin of back left lobe of liver More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function isomerase activity metal ion binding oxidoreductase activity copper ion binding dopachrome isomerase activity Cellular component cytoplasm integral component of membrane cytosol membrane melanosome melanosome membrane Biological process positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation melanin biosynthetic process cell development ventricular zone neuroblast division melanin biosynthetic process from tyrosine epidermis development developmental pigmentation pigmentation metabolism Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 1638 13190 Ensembl ENSG00000080166 ENSMUSG00000022129 UniProt P40126 P29812 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001129889 NM_001922 NM_001322182 NM_001322183 NM_001322184 NM_001322185 NM_001322186 NM_010024 RefSeq (protein) NP_001123361 NP_001309111 NP_001309112 NP_001309113 NP_001309114 NP_001309115 NP_001913 NP_034154 Location (UCSC) Chr 13: 94.44 – 94.48 Mb Chr 14: 118.25 – 118.29 Mb PubMed search
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

See also

• Tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1)
• Dopachrome, a cyclization product of L-DOPA and is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of melanin.

Further reading

• Jackson IJ, Chambers DM, Tsukamoto K, et al. (1992). "A second tyrosinase-related protein, TRP-2, maps to and is mutated at the mouse slaty locus". EMBO J. 11 (2): 527–35. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05083.x. PMC 556483. PMID 1537334.
• Tobin D, Quinn AG, Ito S, Thody AJ (1995). "The presence of tyrosinase and related proteins in human epidermis and their relationship to melanin type". Pigment Cell Res. 7 (4): 204–9. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0749.1994.tb00050.x. PMID 7855064.
• Bernd A, Ramirez-Bosca A, Kippenberger S, et al. (1995). "Levels of dopachrome tautomerase in human melanocytes cultured in vitro". Melanoma Res. 4 (5): 287–91. doi:10.1097/00008390-199410000-00003. PMID 7858411. S2CID 41170650.
• Yokoyama K, Yasumoto K, Suzuki H, Shibahara S (1994). "Cloning of the human DOPAchrome tautomerase/tyrosinase-related protein 2 gene and identification of two regulatory regions required for its pigment cell-specific expression". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (43): 27080–7. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)47128-1. PMID 7929451.
• Orlow SJ, Zhou BK, Chakraborty AK, et al. (1994). "High-molecular-weight forms of tyrosinase and the tyrosinase-related proteins: evidence for a melanogenic complex". J. Invest. Dermatol. 103 (2): 196–201. doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12392743. PMID 8040609.
• Sturm RA, Baker E, Sutherland GR (1994). "Assignment of the tyrosinase-related protein-2 gene (TYRP2) to human chromosome 13q31-q32 by fluorescence in situ hybridization: extended synteny with mouse chromosome 14". Genomics. 21 (1): 293–6. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1266. PMID 8088811.
• Abdel-Malek Z, Swope V, Collins C, et al. (1994). "Contribution of melanogenic proteins to the heterogeneous pigmentation of human melanocytes". J. Cell Sci. 106 (4): 1323–31. doi:10.1242/jcs.106.4.1323. PMID 8126111.
• Yokoyama K, Suzuki H, Yasumoto K, et al. (1994). "Molecular cloning and functional analysis of a cDNA coding for human DOPAchrome tautomerase/tyrosinase-related protein-2". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1217 (3): 317–21. doi:10.1016/0167-4781(94)90292-5. PMID 8148378.
• Cassady JL, Sturm RA (1994). "Sequence of the human dopachrome tautomerase-encoding TRP-2 cDNA". Gene. 143 (2): 295–8. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90114-7. PMID 8206391.
• Odh G, Hindemith A, Rosengren AM, et al. (1994). "Isolation of a new tautomerase monitored by the conversion of D-dopachrome to 5,6-dihydroxyindole". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 197 (2): 619–24. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1993.2524. PMID 8267597.
• Bouchard B, Del Marmol V, Jackson IJ, et al. (1994). "Molecular characterization of a human tyrosinase-related-protein-2 cDNA. Patterns of expression in melanocytic cells". Eur. J. Biochem. 219 (1–2): 127–34. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.tb19922.x. PMID 8306979.
• Sturm RA, O'Sullivan BJ, Box NF, et al. (1996). "Chromosomal structure of the human TYRP1 and TYRP2 loci and comparison of the tyrosinase-related protein gene family". Genomics. 29 (1): 24–34. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.1211. PMID 8530077.
• Björk P, Aman P, Hindemith A, et al. (1996). "A new enzyme activity in human blood cells and isolation of the responsible protein (D-dopachrome tautomerase) from erythrocytes". Eur. J. Haematol. 57 (3): 254–6. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1996.tb01372.x. PMID 8898931. S2CID 31744251.
• Smith-Thomas L, Richardson P, Thody AJ, et al. (1997). "Human ocular melanocytes and retinal pigment epithelial cells differ in their melanogenic properties in vivo and in vitro". Curr. Eye Res. 15 (11): 1079–91. doi:10.3109/02713689608995139. PMID 8950502.
• Wang RF, Appella E, Kawakami Y, et al. (1997). "Identification of TRP-2 as a Human Tumor Antigen Recognized by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes". J. Exp. Med. 184 (6): 2207–16. doi:10.1084/jem.184.6.2207. PMC 2211562. PMID 8976176.
• Chi DD, Merchant RE, Rand R, et al. (1997). "Molecular detection of tumor-associated antigens shared by human cutaneous melanomas and gliomas". Am. J. Pathol. 150 (6): 2143–52. PMC 1858329. PMID 9176405.
• Sugimoto H, Taniguchi M, Nakagawa A, et al. (1997). "Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of human D-dopachrome tautomerase". J. Struct. Biol. 120 (1): 105–8. doi:10.1006/jsbi.1997.3904. PMID 9356298.
• Nishihira J, Fujinaga M, Kuriyama T, et al. (1998). "Molecular cloning of human D-dopachrome tautomerase cDNA: N-terminal proline is essential for enzyme activation". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 243 (2): 538–44. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.8123. PMID 9480844.
• Kippenberger S, Loitsch S, Solano F, et al. (1998). "Quantification of tyrosinase, TRP-1, and Trp-2 transcripts in human melanocytes by reverse transcriptase-competitive multiplex PCR--regulation by steroid hormones". J. Invest. Dermatol. 110 (4): 364–7. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00144.x. PMID 9540976.
• Lupetti R, Pisarra P, Verrecchia A, et al. (1998). "Translation of a Retained Intron in Tyrosinase-related Protein (TRP) 2 mRNA Generates a New Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte (CTL)-defined and Shared Human Melanoma Antigen Not Expressed in Normal Cells of the Melanocytic Lineage". J. Exp. Med. 188 (6): 1005–16. doi:10.1084/jem.188.6.1005. PMC 2212536. PMID 9743519.