You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Japanese. (December 2019) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
|
Don Quijote Co., Ltd. (株式会社ドン・キホーテ, kabushiki gaisha Don Kihōte), often referred to by its shortened name Donki (ドンキ), is a Japanese discount store chain. Donki stores provide a wide range of products, from basic groceries to electronics and clothing. They notably tend to stay open until early morning hours or even remain open 24/7, and products are packed from ceiling to floor in a distinct merchandising strategy.
Native name | 株式会社ドン・キホーテ |
---|---|
Company type | Public K.K. (TYO: 7532) |
Industry | Retail |
Founded | September 5, 1980 |
Founder | Takao Yasuda |
Headquarters | Meguro, Tokyo, Japan |
Number of locations | 322 stores (April 2019)[1] |
Area served | Japan, Singapore, China (Hong Kong and Macau), Thailand, Taiwan, Malaysia, and the United States (California, Hawaii, and Guam) |
Products | Clothing, food, jewelry, housewares, tools, sporting goods and electronics |
Revenue | ¥1.94 trillion (2022)[2] |
¥105.26 billion (2022)[2] | |
¥66.17 billion (2022)[2] | |
Total assets | ¥1.48 trillion (2022)[2] |
Total equity | ¥461.54 billion (2022)[2] |
Number of employees | 4,391 (2010) |
Parent | Pan Pacific International Holdings Corporation[3] |
Subsidiaries | Don Quijote America |
Website | donki |
As of 2021, it has over 160 locations throughout Japan and three in Hawaii. In addition, seventeen in Singapore, eleven in Hong Kong, four in Malaysia, eight in Thailand, five in Taiwan, two in Macau, and one in Guam is branded as Don Don Donki.[4][5][6][7][8][9]
History
editOrigins
editFounded by Takao Yasuda, Don Quijote opened its first store in Suginami, Tokyo in September 1980 under its original name, Just Co. Originally a retail store, Just Co. quickly switched to wholesale in 1982.[4][5][10]
The company opened its first "Don Quijote" named store in Fuchu, Tokyo in March 1989. With the name change, the store also changed its primary business from wholesale to retail. It was not until 1995, six years later, that Just Co. followed suit and it changed its corporate name to Don Quijote Co., Ltd as well. In June 1998, the company was listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange.[5][10]
As one of the leading discount stores in Japan, the end of the Japanese economic bubble didn't severely affect the company. Instead, the sudden economic uncertainty caused the Japanese public to become more thrifty and therefore helped to boost sales at its stores during the early 1990s.[citation needed]
In 2005, idol group AKB48 opened its theater on the eighth floor of the Don Quijote Akihabara Outlet in Tokyo.[11] Also that year, a Ferris wheel opened at the facade of the Don Quijote Dōtonbori branch in Osaka.[12]
In October 2007, Don Quijote purchased the ailing Nagasakiya chain for 140 billion yen.[10] This store and 3 other group companies went defunct in Oct 2017 as creditors have pulled the plug on their combined 432 billion yen of debts.[13] Creditors continue to bankroll the rest of the group.
On June 28, 2017, PAQ, which operated Honolulu-based Times, Big Save and Shima, under the subsidiary QSI, Inc., announced that it had sold the 24 stores it owns in Hawaii to Honolulu-based Don Quijote (USA), using an executed stock purchase agreement with the sale closing in the 3rd quarter of 2017.[10] The deal will combine Times with three Don Quijote stores and two Marukai stores on Oahu. In a statement from Edwin Sawai, president of Don Quijote (USA) Co., Ltd. and Marukai Hawaii Co. Ltd., he said that “The opportunity to welcome the Times Supermarket family of stores and their employees to our ohana is exciting for us,” and added that “We are confident that we will successfully work together, share ideas and learn from each other's combined experiences to best serve Hawaii. For more than 68 years, Times Supermarket has been a local favorite and pillar of Hawaii's retail community. We look forward to continuing their history and success in the islands.”[14]
Further expansions
editSingapore
editDon Quijote opened its first Southeast Asian store at Orchard Central, Singapore, on December 1, 2017.[15][16][17] These stores are branded "Don Don Donki" as the Don Quijote name was in use by a local restaurant.[18] Don Quijote subsequently opened a second store at the 100AM Mall in Tanjong Pagar on June 14, 2018.[19] There are 17 Don Don Donki stores in Singapore:[20][21][22]
- 100 AM
- Bukit Panjang Plaza
- City Square Mall[23][24]
- Clarke Quay Central[25]
- Downtown East[26]
- HarbourFront Centre
- Jem
- Jewel Changi Airport
- Jurong Point
- Northpoint City
- Orchard Central
- Paya Lebar Quarter
- Square 2
- Suntec City
- Tampines 1
- Tiong Bahru Plaza
- Waterway Point
Singapore has the largest amount of Don Don Donki stores outside of the home islands. Yasuda also lives in Singapore, specifically at Sentosa.[4]
Hong Kong
editDon Don Donki also expanded to Hong Kong with five outlets: one at Mira Place 2 in Tsim Sha Tsui, one at OP Mall in Tsuen Wan, one at Pearl City in Causeway Bay, one at 100QRC in Central and one at Monterey Place in Tseung Kwan O.[27][28] The chain opened one more store at the Island Resort Mall in Siu Sai Wan in February 2021,[29] and at TMT Plaza in Tuen Mun in July 2021.[30] The store at Amoy Plaza in Jordan Valley opened in January 2022,[31] and another store opened at Fashion World in Whampoa Garden in August 2022. Don Don Donki recently opened its Mong Kok branch in 2024.
Thailand
editThe chain currently consists of six stores in Thailand, the first store in Thailand opened on February 22, 2019 in the Thonglor area of Bangkok.[32] one in Seacon Square (opened October 1, 2021),[33] one at the MBK Center (opened December 21, 2021),[34] one in Seacon Bangkae (opened June 20, 2022),[35] one at J-Park Sriracha Nihon Mura in Si Racha, Chonburi. (opened September 9, 2022),[36] and one in Thaniya Plaza on Si Lom Road. (opened January 23, 2023),[37] with one at The Market Shopping Mall in Ratchaprasong closed on September 4, 2022.[38]
Taiwan
editOn 19 January 2021, the first Don Don Donki store in Taiwan was opened in the Ximending Shopping District, Taipei amid the coronavirus pandemic. The three-floor outlet is open 24 hours a day and is located near Ximen metro station. It attracted more than 500 people who lined up in front of the outlet before its grand opening Tuesday.[39][40]
On 20 January 2022, the second Don Don Donki store in Taiwan opened in the Zhongxiao Xinsheng business district of Taipei. The second store is an underground single-floor store with an area of about 1,540 square meters (16,500 square feet). The store is located in close proximity to the Zhongxiao Xinsheng metro station. The Zhongxiao Xinsheng store will also open alongside four different kinds of booths selling Japanese foods; including MOCHI-MOCHI (selling freshly made Mochi), Inari Sushi Tamaya (selling Inari Sushi), Kondo (selling Japanese Wagyu beef skewers), and Color Food and Fitness (selling Daifuku made with seasonal Japanese fruits).[41]
On 22 August 2023, the third Don Don Donki store in Taiwan opened in Citylink Nangang in Taipei.[42]
On 9 November 2023, the fourth Don Don Donki store in Taiwan opened in Tiger City in Taichung, with a total area of about 1,800 square meters (20,000 square feet), which was the largest Don Don Donki in Taiwan to date.[43]
On 7 December 2023, the fifth Don Don Donki store in Taiwan opened in Talee Department Store in Kaohsiung. It's currently the largest Taiwanese Don Don Donki with the area of nearly 3,000 square meters (32,000 square feet). The opening attracted nearly 2000 shoppers. This store contains three exclusive areas: Outdoor for outdoor products, Donki Sake for Japanese sake and Cocokawaii for kawaii items.[44]
Malaysia
editOn 19 March 2021, the first Don Don Donki store in Malaysia was opened in Lot 10 of Bukit Bintang, Kuala Lumpur, branded as "Jonetz by Don Don Donki".[6] A second store was opened on 9 December 2021 at Tropicana Gardens Mall in the Petaling Jaya district of Selangor; it was also the biggest outlet in Southeast Asia, spanning 42,243 sq ft across two levels of the mall. [45] It closed permanently on 31 May 2023. A third store was set to open in 2022 at Mitsui Shopping Park LaLaport mall located at Bukit Bintang City Centre. However, the third store opened in Sunway Pyramid instead on 28 October 2022. The fourth store that opened was in Mid Valley Megamall on 31 January 2024. The fifth store was recently opened in NU Sentral on 14 June 2024. The company also plans to open up 11 new outlets by June 2024.[46]
Macau
editDon Don Donki opened its first store in Macau on 9 September 2021, at Fai Chi Kei.[47] Don Don Donki also opened its store in Studio City located on the Cotai Strip in Macau on 2 February 2024.
Guam
editAfter breaking ground in February 2020, Don Don Donki was expected to open on Guam in the village of Tamuning under the name Village of Donki in September 2021.[48] It opened on 25 April 2024.[49][50]
Mascot
editThe official character mascot of Don Quijote is called Donpen (ドンペン). Introduced in 1998, he is depicted as a blue penguin wearing a Santa hat and the Katakana character "do" (ド) on his stomach. For the international Don Don Donki branches, the "do" is replaced with the letter D. The company also has a female equivalent known as Donko (ドンコ), who is colored pink with a heart on her stomach.[51]
In December 2022, Don Quijote invited controversy when it announced Donpen would be replaced by an anthropomorphic depiction of the Katakana character "do" named Dojou-chan.[52] The decision was reversed days later after an outpouring of support for the mascot on social media.[53][54]
Theme song
editDon Quijote's theme song is "Miracle Shopping ", sung by Maimi Tanaka , a former Don Quijote store employee.[55] The song was later released as a maxi single in 1999 by Grace Notes Records .[56] An English and Cantonese version has also been released. The english version is sung by Maimi Tanaka. Both versions also have a remake under the "Don Don Donki" name to accommodate for the outlets outside Japan.[57][58]
The song has been described as "Catchy but annoying" and "highly repetitious but smartly done so". These quotes could be referring to the fact that the song has been specifically designed to be catchy and stick around in your head so that it constantly reminds you of the store.[59]
The song's popularity is somewhat high. It has more than a million plays on Spotify. The song's popularity has made it the subject of remakes and alternative versions, including lo-fi remixes [60]and a remix in which someone edited clips of Donald Trump[61] to make it seem like he is singing the song.
Commercial endorsements and collaborations
editIn August 2024, American singer-songwriter Bruno Mars collaborated with the store chain, appearing in the latest commercial ad. Mars, dancers Miyu, Haruka, Miyuri and Miku, and the store's mascot Donpen, dance around the Mega Don Quijote store situated in Shibuya, while picking up articles from the store's "People Brand 'Jōnetsu kakaku'" brand. Mars wrote the jingle and produced the commercial for the "Donki Ikuyo" (ドンキイクヨ, lit. "Let's Go to Donki") campaign. Besides the commercial, the Mars-Don Quijote collaboration includes several exclusive goods that will be released for a limited time in September.[62][63][64][65][66] Mars shared the commercial in a reel on his Instagram account.[67]
Incidents
editArson
editIn December 2004, four stores in the Kantō area were damaged or destroyed by arson attacks. Three store employees, Morio Oshima, 39, Mai Koishi, 20, and Maiko Sekiguchi, 19, died in the first arson incident. In 2007, Noriko Watanabe, 49, was found guilty of setting the fires and sentenced to life imprisonment. Don Quijote received harsh criticism at the time for poor store layout that made it difficult to find exits.[68]
Roller coaster
editIn 2005, Don Quijote began building a "half-pipe" roller coaster on the roof of its eight-storey Roppongi store. Roppongi is a heavily populated area in the core of Tokyo, and many residents and businesses were upset with the idea of having a roller coaster in their neighborhood because of the spectacle, noise and crowds it would likely create. The project was completed in 2006 but due to increasing pressure from concerned groups in the area it was never operated. As of 2019, the structure had been removed.[citation needed]
Overseas assets
editDon Quijote purchased the Marukai Japanese chain stores in the United States in 2013, splitting it into Marukai and Tokyo Central Markets chains.[69][10]
In popular culture
editDon Quijote stores are included as in-game shops in the Yakuza video game series.[70] In 2009, Sega partnered with the store to advertise the release of Yakuza 3.[71]
There is a Don Quijote store scene in TONIKAWA: Over the Moon to You when Nasa and Tsukasa went shopping in its second episode of its first season.
References
edit- ^ "月次売上高速報 (Monthly Sales Report Highlights)". ppi-hd.co.jp (in Japanese). Pan Pacific International Holdings Corporation. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
- ^ a b c d e "Consolidated Financial Highlights - PPIH". Retrieved 2024-04-24.
- ^ Du, Lisa (17 April 2019). "The Cult Japanese Retailer Making Billions Breaking All the Rules". Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
- ^ a b c "Don Quijote founder and his ties to Singapore". AsiaOne. Retrieved 2017-11-29.
- ^ a b c "(Donki) Corporate History". Archived from the original on 2008-03-13. Retrieved 2008-03-19.
- ^ a b Ong, Eunis (19 March 2021). "Japan's Popular Don Don Donki Has Finally Opened Its First Store In Malaysia At Lot 10, Bukit Bintang!". Klook. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
- ^ "[STORE INFORMATION] DON DON DONKI THAILAND".
- ^ "驚安の殿堂 ドン・キホーテ". 驚安の殿堂 ドン・キホーテ (in Japanese). Retrieved 2024-07-28.
- ^ "海外リテール事業|PPIH(旧ドンキホーテHD)". ppih.co.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved 2024-07-28.
- ^ a b c d e "(PPIH) Corporate History" (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 2019-05-25. Retrieved 2019-05-25.
- ^ "Girl idol group about mass exposure, fans". The Japan Times Inc. The Japan Times. August 24, 2010. Archived from the original on August 25, 2010. Retrieved June 29, 2011.
- ^ Kavanagh, Una-Minh (2018-01-30). "The famous Osaka Ferris wheel turns again after nine-year hiatus". Lonely Planet. Retrieved 2023-01-24.
- ^ "Collapse of debt-ridden Nagasakiya signals the end of a tradition - IOL Business Report".
- ^ "Don Quijote acquires Hawaii-based Times Supermarkets" from Pacific Business Journal (June 28, 2017)
- ^ "Japan's Donki to open first Southeast Asian store in Singapore". Channel NewsAsia. Archived from the original on 2020-09-28. Retrieved 2018-08-07.
- ^ Varma, Ankita (2017-11-30). "Don Don Donki store opening at Orchard Central on Friday". The Straits Times. Retrieved 2018-08-07.
- ^ "Japan's Donki to launch second outlet in Singapore, first store set for Dec 1 opening". Channel NewsAsia. Archived from the original on 2020-09-28. Retrieved 2018-08-07.
- ^ "Japan's Don Don Donki targets 10 stores in Singapore by 2020". CNA. Retrieved 2020-01-07.
- ^ Ng, Charmaine (2018-06-05). "Don Don Donki opening second outlet at 100AM in Tanjong Pagar on June 14". The Straits Times. Retrieved 2018-08-07.
- ^ "Japan's Don Don Donki targets 10 stores in Singapore by 2020". Channel NewsAsia. Retrieved 2018-08-07.
- ^ "Don Quijote rides high on rule-breaking reputation". Asahi Shimbun. August 14, 2018. Archived from the original on August 15, 2018. Retrieved August 16, 2018.
- ^ Tang, See Kit (15 September 2021). "A taste of Japan keeps Don Don Donki bustling despite pandemic; 2 new Singapore stores planned". CNA. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
- ^ "Japanese discount chain Don Don Donki opens third and largest outlet at City Square Mall". The Straits Times. January 10, 2019.
- ^ "Don Don Donki's fourth outlet to open in May at Novena's Square 2". The Straits Times. March 20, 2019.
- ^ "Don Don Donki opening 6th outlet soon at Clarke Quay Central".
- ^ Z, F (31 December 2020). "Don Don Donki Opening At Downtown East Soon, Easties Can Get Their Sweet Potatoes Again". mustsharenews.com. MSNews. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
- ^ "Don Quijote Hong Kong Store List". 2020-11-14.
- ^ "Japanese discount megastore Don Quijote opens second store in Hong Kong to meet growing demand by fans". InvestHK - Government Department of Foreign Direct Investment. 2019-12-09. Retrieved 2020-01-07.
- ^ "Japanese chain Don Don Donki to open three more Hong Kong stores". South China Morning Post. 2020-09-30. Retrieved 2020-10-02.
- ^ "Don Don Donki opens biggest Hong Kong store in Tuen Mun". Coconuts Media. 21 July 2021. Archived from the original on 2021-07-21. Retrieved 2021-12-03.
- ^ "Donki is coming to Amoy Plaza this Christmas". The Standard. 8 September 2021. Archived from the original on 2021-09-08.
- ^ "Japan's discount king Don Quijote makes splash in Thai debut".
- ^ Pafun (2021-02-19). ""ดองกิ" เปิดสาขา 3 ซีคอนฯศรีนครินทร์ พร้อมลุยอีคอมเมิร์ซ". ประชาชาติธุรกิจ (in Thai). Retrieved 2021-10-01.
- ^ Pafun (2021-12-21). "เปิดแล้ว! Don Don: Donki สาขาที่ 4 ในประเทศไทย MBK Center โฉมใหม่ ช้อปได้เยอะ". Mango Zero (in Thai). Retrieved 2022-01-24.
- ^ "สาขาแรกในฝั่งธน! ดอง ดอง ดองกิ ซีคอนบางแค ซูเปอร์ญี่ปุ่นที่สายกินห้ามพลาด".
- ^ "เปิดใหม่! ดอง ดอง ดองกิ เจพาร์ค ศรีราชา และ SEN SEN SUSHI สาขาแรกในไทย".
- ^ "Donki ธนิยะพลาซ่า เปิด 23 ม.ค. เอาใจชาวสีลม สาขานี้เปิด 24 ชั่วโมง ไฮไลท์ 'ราเมนแผงลอย' แห่งแรก". 15 January 2023.
- ^ "เปิดได้ 2 ปี ไปต่อไม่ไหว! Donki ปิดสาขา The Market ราชประสงค์ แล้ว ตั้งแต่ 4 กันยายน". 5 September 2022.
- ^ "Largest Japanese discount chain opens first location in Taiwan". Taiwan News. 2021-01-19. Retrieved 2021-04-13.
- ^ "Japanese discount store Don Don Donki attracts long queue on opening". Taiwan News. 2021-01-19. Retrieved 2021-04-13.
- ^ "唐吉訶德進駐高雄!開全台最大千坪旗艦店,主打特色壽司、日本生鮮專區". business next (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 2022-01-12. Retrieved 2022-01-13.
- ^ "唐吉訶德CITYLINK南港8/22上午11點開幕 獨家亮點一次看". ETtoday (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 2023-08-21. Retrieved 2023-11-09.
- ^ "DON DON DONKI台中老虎城店今開幕 499元整袋日本蘋果裝到飽帶回家". United Daily News (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 2023-11-09. Retrieved 2023-11-09.
- ^ Everington, Keoni (2023-12-07). "Japan's Don Don Donki opens biggest store in Taiwan | Taiwan News | 2023-12-07 16:15:00". Taiwan News. Retrieved 2023-12-12.
- ^ "Don Don Donki opens largest Southeast Asian store yet". Retail News Asia. 2021-12-10. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
- ^ Aziz, Mahanum Abdul (2021-12-16). "LaLaport BBCC bakal beroperasi bulan depan". Berita Harian. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
- ^ Moura, Nelson (27 August 2021). "Japanese discount retail brand DON DON DONKI to open first store in Macau". Macau Business. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
- ^ Tano, Kevin (2020-02-11). "Don Don Donki shopping center expected to open 2021". The Guam Daily Post. Retrieved 2024-04-27.
- ^ Stephens, Jackson (21 August 2022). "Don Don Donki opening expected summer 2023". Pacific Daily News. Retrieved 2022-11-20.
- ^ Taitano, Joe (2024-04-25). "'Talk of the town': Customers line up before dawn for Don Don Donki's grand opening". Pacific Daily News. Retrieved 2024-04-27.
- ^ "Official Characters Donpen and Donko". Don Quijote. Retrieved 2024-06-17.
- ^ "Announcement of Don Quijote's beloved mascot being changed has shoppers in shock". Japan Today. 2022-12-20. Retrieved 2024-06-17.
- ^ Chan, Samantha (2022-12-21). "Donki discount store mascot survives axe after Japanese uproar". BBC News. Retrieved 2024-06-17.
- ^ Imada, Kaila (2022-12-19). "Don Quijote almost replaces its iconic penguin mascot". Time Out Tokyo. Retrieved 2024-06-17.
- ^ 庄子結 (2021-03-31). "「自分」×「仕事」で分析すれば、仕事は楽しくなる" (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 2023-06-30 – via flier.
創業社長から店内ソングの依頼があり、「ミラクルショッピング」の作詞作曲歌も担当。[...] その後、子会社の代表取締役社長を経験したのち起業。
- ^ "田中マイミのプロフィール". March 2023.
- ^ "Miracle Shopping~ドン・キホーテのテーマ~English version ボーカリストオーディション開催!". www.donki.com (in Japanese). Don Quijote Holdings Co., Ltd. 2017. Retrieved 2023-11-12.
今回のオーディションでは、ドン・キホーテのさらなる海外進出へ向け ドン・キホーテのテーマソング「Miracle Shopping」の English versionを歌うボーカリストを募集します。
- ^ 陳菱櫻 (2021-03-22). "Donki洗腦歌由員工親自創作 關於Donki主題曲5件不可不知的事". food.ulifestyle.com.hk (in Chinese). U Lifestyle. Retrieved 2023-11-12.
之後亦有廣東話版,有人覺得廣東話版更洗腦,要求輪流播放不同語言的版本。
- ^ CNA Insider (2023-11-29). Don Don Donki & Decathlon: What You Didn't Know About Megastores | On The Red Dot | Full Episode. Retrieved 2024-10-16 – via YouTube.
- ^ YAØ (2021-07-29). DON DON DONKI Theme Song/Miracle Shopping cover but its Lofi by YAØ :'). Retrieved 2024-10-16 – via YouTube.
- ^ nelsontyc.com (2022-07-14). Donald Trump singing Don Don Donki!. Retrieved 2024-10-16 – via YouTube.
- ^ "Donki ikuyo #ドンキイクヨ". Don Quijote official site (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 24 August 2024. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
- ^ "ブルーノ・マーズ「ドン・キホーテ」CMでドンペンとダンス 映像プロデュース&ジングルも手がける". Oricon (in Japanese). 20 August 2024. Archived from the original on 24 August 2024. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
- ^ "ブルーノ・マーズ、ドン・キホーテ新CMに出演&コラボグッズも 「ドンキイクヨ」をテーマに店内で踊る". Real Sound (in Japanese). 20 August 2024. Archived from the original on 24 August 2024. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
- ^ "【動画あり】ブルーノ・マーズがドンキ新cmに登場!「ドンキイクヨ」とMEGAドン・キホーテ渋谷本店のいたるところで踊る". The First Times (in Japanese). 21 August 2024. Archived from the original on 24 August 2024. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
- ^ "The New Face of Donki is… Bruno Mars?". Tokyo Weekender. 21 August 2024. Archived from the original on 24 August 2024. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
- ^ @brunomars (20 August 2024). "Made a quick trip to Japan to get some snacks at my favorite store @donki_jp. Luckily @spiribolt brought his camera to record the Kawaii King do his thing. 😎🇯🇵". Retrieved 24 August 2024 – via Instagram.
- ^ "Don Quijote store arsonist gets life for three deaths". The Japan Times. 2007-03-24. Archived from the original on 2008-11-06. Retrieved 2008-03-19.
- ^ "All 11 Marukai Stores to Be Sold". www.rafu.com. 4 September 2013.
- ^ Carey, Kirsten (2021-06-22). "Why Japanese Superstore Don Quijote Shows Up in Japanese Games". ScreenRant. Retrieved 2024-06-17.
- ^ Tanaka, John (2009-01-16). "Sega Teams with Don Quijote for Yakuza 3". IGN. Retrieved 2024-06-17.