Dhanu Jatra or Dhanu Yatra is an annual drama-based open air theatrical performance celebrated in Bargarh, Odisha. Spread across a 8 km radius area around the Bargarh municipality, it is world's largest open air theater, one that finds a mention in the Guinness Book of World Records.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] It is based on mythological story of Krishna (locally known as Krushna), and his demon uncle Kansa. Originating in Bargarh, in the present day play, the enactments of the play are being performed in many other places in Western Odisha. The major one of these is the original one at Bargarh.[8] It is about the episode of Krishna and Balaram's visit to Mathura to witness the Dhanu ceremony organized by their (maternal) uncle Kansa. The plays start with the dethroning of emperor Ugrasena by the angry prince Kansa, over the marriage of his sister Debaki with Basudeba, and ends with death of Kansa, and Ugrasen restoring back to become the king. There is no written script used in these enactments. During this festival Kansa can punish people with penalty for their mistakes. Biju Patnaik, the former Chief Minister of Odisha was fined once along with his ministers.[7] The department of Culture of the Government of India has accorded National Festival status to Dhanu Yatra in November 2014.[9]
| Dhanu jatra | |
|---|---|
 Kansa of Bargarh Dhanu Jatra | |
| Also called | World's largest open air theatre |
| Observed by | Residents of Bargarh and Ambapali with other non-local visitors |
| Begins | Pausha Shukla Chaturthi |
| Ends | Pausha Purnima |
| Related to | Sri Krishna, Kansa |
History
edit
It is said by some old people that as a way to celebrate the freedom, of newly formed independent India after the British rulers, the labor class workers started this festival. Death of Kansa symbolised the end of colonial rules.[10]
Venues
editThe main municipality area turns into the historical town of Mathura Nagari, river Jeera turns into Yamuna, Ambapaali village (now a ward - part of Bargarh municipality) becomes Gopapura. A Pond by the side of Jeera river in Ambapali becomes the Kalindi Lake of the mythology. Since 2005, Nishamani School Ground has been used as the Rangamahal - Cultural stage of the festival.
There are many other towns/ villages of western Odisha, where this drama enactment is done in recent years, following the success and popularity of the Bargarh stage. The notable places are village Chicholi of Ambabhona block is considered to be the second most famous in that area, apart from this Thuaapaali, Remanda are also notable.
Mathura
editTwo stages in the town. The daily vegetable market inside the heart of the town becomes the main stage of the festival. Second stage is set up in Nishamani High School field near Kalimandir. A temporary stage is built up using bamboo, cloth and other decorating materials. The cement concrete roof of market shops around works as main platform. Whereas in Nishamani field, there is ample space in the ground to enjoy the show. Cultural troops, perform there in presence of King Kansa, invited guests and eager audience ranging from children to old people.
There is the historical place of starting point, at the rear area of the daily market, where the holy mast is erected a few days before the actual festival begins. Historically this place has been used by "Sanchaar" dance [11] form performers. It is a declining and going extinct form of dance. Only handful old performers of this dance form are left, who still come every year to perform. This dance goes on throughout the night to keep the visitors of the villages engaged with entertainment, question answers.
Gopapura
editNearby village Ambapaali is rendered as Gopapura, during the festival. Villagers paint their houses to the themes of the mythology, hand drawings on walls showing various stories of Krishna. Wall writing of poetic stanzas are quite common on almost all walls of the village.
Yamuna River
editJeera river, flowing on West side to the main town, is transformed into river Yamuna for these 10 days. The river is used in the drama in 3 days of the play -
- When Krishna is born and Vasudeva goes to leave Krishna, his son at king Nanda's place, for the safety from the killer hands of Kansa
- During Raas Leela of Krishna with Gopis along the banks of the river (Gopapura - Ambapaali)
- When minister Akrura goes and brings Krishna Balaram Brother duos to show them Dhanu jatra at Mathura (Bargarh) city.
Ashramas
editGobindpaali:
Year-wise prime actors
edit2009–2015 Dhanuyatra - Kansa- Hrushikes bhoi
Makeup artist Ghasiram Sahu of Bargarh, Odisha, actively associated with this festival since 1951 without a break, died at the age of 84 years on 31 July 2015. He is credited for giving unique tyrant look to Kanssa, the principal actor of this play.
Events that require a special mention
editKnown as the world's biggest open-air theatre,[12][13] it is held at bargarh since 1947.[14]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Dash, Prakash. "Dhanu Yatra World's biggest open-air theatre". Newsonair.com. News on Air: All India Radio. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
- ^ "Dhanu Jatra". Festivalsofindia.in. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
- ^ Mohapatra, Prabhukalayan (2005). "Dhanuyatra of Bargarh : World's Biggest Open-Air-Theatre" (PDF). Orissa Review. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
- ^ Mishra, Biranchi (20 December 2008). "Dhanu Yatra: Largest Open Air Ethnic Theatre". ISKCON News. Archived from the original on 19 March 2015. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
- ^ "Other States / Orissa News : Bargarh gears up for Dhanu Yatra". The Hindu. 2008. Archived from the original on 16 February 2013. Retrieved 18 January 2013.
The 11-day cultural extravaganza is globally known as world's largest open-air theatre.
- ^ "All of Bargarh's a stage for Dhanu Yatra". The Times of India. 2011. Archived from the original on 16 February 2013. Retrieved 18 January 2013.
It is also referred to as the world's biggest open-air theatre
- ^ a b Dehury, Chinmaya (27 December 2015). "Odisha town turns into Mathura for world's biggest open air theatre". Sify. IANS. Archived from the original on 3 January 2017. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
- ^ Koshal Discussion and Development Forum
- ^ "National fest tag to Bargarh Dhanu Yatra". The Times Of India.
- ^ Bargarh Dhanu Yatra Govt. website, maintained by National Informatics Centre
- ^ "Welcome to Odisha Sangeet Natak Akademi".
- ^ "Other States / Orissa News : Bargarh gears up for Dhanu Yatra". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 23 December 2008. Archived from the original on 16 February 2013. Retrieved 18 January 2013.
The 11-day cultural extravaganza is globally known as world's largest open-air theatre.
- ^ "All of Bargarh's a stage for Dhanu Yatra". The Times of India. 12 January 2011. Archived from the original on 16 February 2013. Retrieved 18 January 2013.
It is also referred to as the world's biggest open-air theatre
- ^ Guru, Sudeep Kumar (16 December 2011). "Dhanu yatra to begin in Puri". telegraphindia.com. Calcutta, India. Archived from the original on February 16, 2013. Retrieved 18 January 2013.
The festival is being held Bargarh since 1947.
Booklet brochure published by Dhanuyatra Mahotsav Samiti, Bargarh on the occasion of 65th year, from 6th Jan. 2014 till 16th Jan 2014.