The Dhamra Port is a port in Bhadrak district, Odisha, India, on the shore of the Bay of Bengal about seven kilometres from Dhamra town. The agreement to develop the port was signed in April 1998. The Dhamra Port Company Limited (DPCL) was formed as a result of a 50:50 joint venture between Larsen & Toubro and TATA Steel to run the port.[2] The Port received its first vessel on 8 February 2010 and the first commercial vessel on 10 April 2011.[3] The Port has an initial capacity of 25 million tonnes annually, eventually growing to 80 million tonnes annually.[4] Greenpeace has opposed the project, claiming it threatens nearby protected areas and endangered species such as the olive ridley turtle[5]
| Dhamra Port | |
|---|---|
 | |
 Click on the map for a fullscreen view | |
| Location | |
| Country |  India |
| Location | Dhamra, Bhadrak, Odisha |
| Coordinates | 20°49′24″N 86°57′46″E / 20.82333°N 86.96278°E |
| Details | |
| Operated by | Dhamra Port Company Limited |
| Owned by | Adani Ports & SEZ |
| Type of harbour | Coastal natural |
| Draft depth | 12.5–15 metres (41–49 ft) (without tide) |
| Statistics | |
| Annual cargo tonnage | 43 million tonnes (2023–24)[1] |
Objectives
editThis section needs additional citations for verification. (July 2019) |
The port was taken over by Adani Port in June 2014.[6] The port will be used to export iron ore from a nearby mineral belt.[7] The Odisha government has plans to develop related industries near the new port, including a shipbuilding yard and a petrochemical and gas-based manufacturing hub. A special investment region has been proposed for Dhamara, and a zoning plan is being prepared to cover housing, health services and other urban infrastructure.[8] A new airport/Airstrip is approved by government of odisha near Dhamra port of around 500 acres.[9] National Waterway 5 project of connecting water channels between Pardeep and Dhamra is also in the construction stage by IWAI. A proposed 4 lane NH is also in DPR stage connecting to Dhamra port from Jamujhadi NH16. A tea processing unit is planned at Dhamra port.
Construction
editDuring the year 1997 Government of Odisha invited M/s International Seaports dredging Private Limited (ISDPL) to explore and evaluate the possibilities of expanding the minor port at Dhamra with modern contemporary facilities. After a site visit and preliminary discussions/evaluation, selected Dhamra port for further expansion. Based on a review of studies undertaken by the Government of Odisha and Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Chennai, as well as a preliminary field analysis ISDPL proposed a broad project approach. On this basis ISDPL and Government of Odisha entered into a memorandum of understanding on 31.03.97 for the expansion and development of the existing port of Dharma on Built Own Operate Share and Transfer (BOOST) basis. ISDPL signed the concession agreement with the Government of Odisha on 02.04.98. Thereby heralding a new era in the infrastructure development in the port sector of the country with private participation. The proposed Dhamra port is a minor port in the northern part of the state of Orissa situated about 62 km east of Bhadrak station on the Howrah-Chennai East coast mainline. Dhamra port is to be developed as a most modern all-weather, deep-water port, capable of handling all modern shipping efficiently and cost effectively on world standard norms. Development of a suitable road and rail system linking the port with the national network is also considered a vital and integral part of the project. ISDPL proposed that the railway line between Dhamra port and Bhadrak would be built on private siding terms, which is subsequently granted by Railway board. In the meantime, ISDPL had withdrawn its participation from this project due to difficulties in the acquisition of land required for the proposed rail links between Bhadrak and Renital stations and in the change in the composition of the companies investing in the project. This resulted in suspension of activities. In the year 2005, a joint venture company formed in the name of Dhamra Port company limited with 50-50 partnership of Larsen & Toubro Limited and Tata steels limited.
The planned port would have 13 berths with the capacity to handle 83 million tonnes annually. In the first phase, two 350 meter berths have been built to handle import of coking coal, steam coal, thermal coal and limestone, and export of iron ore and steel, with fully mechanized cargo handling. An 18 km navigational channel lets ships with an 18-meter draught use the port. Capacity in the first phase is 15.25 million tonnes of imported coal and limestone and 9.75 million tonnes of exported ore and steel.[10]
A 62 km single-track railway line links the port to Bhadrak/ Ranital, was opened on 8 May 2011.[11] It is the first line of the Indian Government's Railways Infrastructure for Industry Initiative, a revenue sharing model.[11] It is an arrangement between Indian Railways and Dhamara Port.[11]
In September 2010, the port received its first cargo vessel, an Australian ship bringing 45,000 tonnes of coking coal to supply Tata Steel's Jamshedpur plant.[12]
In March 2014, the port received biggest cargo vessel among the ports in India named Macau Mineral carrying 1,94,073 tonnes of coal from the Port of Richards Bay, South Africa. The Dhamra Port became first among the ports in India to berth a parcel size vessel of 2,07,785 DWT (dead weight tonnage).[13]
Environmental concerns
editThe coast of Odisha is periodically battered by cyclones, which cause tidal surges that may cause devastating floods. In the past, the coast was protected by a 5 km belt of mangroves, but the belt has shrunk due to developments such as dams on the rivers that supply fresh water to the trees. An unusually violent cyclone in 1999 created tidal surges 7 meters high that swept inland, killing 10,000 people and causing property damage that affected several million inhabitant of the coastal strip. There is a concern that the deepwater port will further damage the mangroves, including those at the nearby Bhitarkanika Mangroves conservation area.[7] In May 2010 a non-partisan group of 20 politicians began lobbying to halt construction, which they claimed was in violation of the Forest Conservation Act of 1980.[14]
The planned port is located just north of the Gahirmatha Marine Sanctuary, where from 200,000 to 500,000 female olive ridley turtles nest every year. Although the port site is not a nesting area, environmentalists are concerned that dredging and industrial pollution will disrupt the environment and the natural food chain.[15] In July 2007, Greenpeace activists staged a rally in front of Bombay House, headquarters of the TATA Group, demanding a halt to construction of the port which they claimed would harm the turtles.[16] The DPCL has rejected concerns about the impact. They state that all environmental clearances were obtained correctly, that the main breeding grounds for the turtles are well to the south, and that the shipping lanes will not cut across turtle migration routes.[17] TATA & Sons filed a suit against Greenpeace in the Delhi High Court, claiming a "Turtle vs TATA" game on their website constituted defamation and trademark infringement.[18]
The Cyclone Yaas made a landfall in Balasore, Odisha near the port, which resulted in severe destruction. Cyclone Dana too made landfall near this port on October 24-25, 2024.
References
edit- ^ "APSEZ breaks records: Handles 420 MMT cargo globally, sets new milestones in March 2024". The Economic Times. 1 April 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
- ^ "Dhamra port". DHAMRA PORT COMPANY LTD. Archived from the original on 25 November 2010. Retrieved 23 November 2010.
- ^ "Dhamra Port Updates". Dharma Port Company Limited. Retrieved 6 September 2011.
- ^ "Dhamra Port on schedule". The Hindu. 27 May 2008. Archived from the original on 29 May 2008. Retrieved 23 November 2010.
- ^ "TATA tries to silence critics, takes Greenpeace to court". Greenpeace. Archived from the original on 1 August 2013. Retrieved 23 November 2010.
- ^ "TMX". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
- ^ a b Manipadma Jena (21 June 2010). "India: Development projects increasing cyclone vulnerability, experts warn". ReliefWeb. Archived from the original on 19 March 2011. Retrieved 24 November 2010.
- ^ "Panel for port-based industries at Dhamara". Business Standard. 31 May 2010. Retrieved 24 November 2010.
- ^ "Odisha govt OKs land acquisition for Dhamra Port airstrip". The Times of India. 1 January 2020. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
- ^ "Plan". Upakula Surakshya Abhijan. Archived from the original on 5 May 2012. Retrieved 24 November 2010.
- ^ a b c "Revenue share port line opens". Railway Gazette. 7 June 2011. Archived from the original on 1 February 2013.
- ^ "First vessel lands at Dhamara port". Business Standard. 20 September 2010. Retrieved 24 November 2010.
- ^ "Dhamra Port berths biggest parcel size vessel". Economic Times. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
- ^ "Green lobby seeks action against Dhamra port". Business Standard. 18 May 2010. Retrieved 24 November 2010.
- ^ "Tata Port Development Threatens Olive Ridley Sea Turtles (Odisha, India)". Mangrove Action. 29 June 2007. Archived from the original on 27 December 2010. Retrieved 24 November 2010.
- ^ "Greenpeace activists blockade TATA office, demand the Company keeps promise to save turtles". Greenpeace India. 17 July 2007. Retrieved 24 November 2010.
- ^ "Perceptions & Facts". Upakula Surakshya Abhijan. Archived from the original on 15 November 2010. Retrieved 24 November 2010.
- ^ "TATA plea for injunction against Greenpeace listed for consideration on 12 August". Greenpeace. 30 July 2010. Archived from the original on 24 November 2010. Retrieved 24 November 2010.
External links
edit- "Dhamra Odisha An Initiative by Upakula Surakshya Abhijan". Upakula Surakshya Abhijan. Archived from the original on 30 May 2013. Retrieved 23 November 2010.