The desert sucker or Gila Mountain sucker (Catostomus clarkii), is a freshwater species of ray-finned fish in the sucker family, endemic to the Great Basin and the Colorado River Basin in the United States. It inhabits rapids and fast-flowing streams with gravelly bottoms. It is a bi-colored fish with the upper parts olive brown to dark green, and the underparts silvery-tan or yellowish. The head is cylindrical, tapering to a thick-lipped mouth on the underside. This fish can grow to 31 in (79 cm) in Arizona but is generally only about half this size elsewhere. There are three subspecies, found in different river basins, and some authorities allot this species its own genus Pantosteus.
| Desert sucker | |
|---|---|
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| Desert sucker, Castostomus clarkii | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cypriniformes |
| Family: | Catostomidae |
| Genus: | Catostomus |
| Species: | C. clarkii
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| Binomial name | |
| Catostomus clarkii S. F. Baird & Girard, 1854
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| Synonyms | |
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Description
editDesert suckers are bicolored; the back and upper sides are darker, olive-brown to dark green, and the belly and lower sides are deep-yellow to silvery tan. The scales on the upper half of the body have dark spots which form faint dashed lines. Their head is cylindrical, tapering to a blunt face with the lower lip about three times as thick as upper lip. The mouth is on the underside (ventral) of the face and is proportionately large. The dorsal fin of the desert sucker has 10 to 11 rays. The adult lengths range from 4 to 16 inches (100 to 410 mm) in smaller streams, but up to 31 inches (790 mm) in Arizona.[3] Their weight ranges from 4 to 65 ounces (110–1,840 g).
Distribution
editThe desert sucker is found in Nevada, Utah, Arizona and New Mexico.[2][4] The desert sucker occurs in the lower Colorado River basin, below the Grand Canyon, particularly in the Gila River, and above the Grand Canyon in streams in the Virgin River basin, the White River basin and others. The total range area of the desert sucker is estimated at 128,000 km2 (49,000 sq mi).[5]
Habitat
editDesert suckers prefer ripply waters, rapids and flowing streams with gravelly bottoms.
Reproduction
editDesert suckers reach maturity in their second year.[6] Spawning occurs in winter and spring from January through May.[7]
Subspecies
editThree subspecies have been identified: the White River desert sucker, Catostomus clarkii intermedius[8] (sometimes known as White River mountain sucker, Pantosteus intermedius),[9] Virgin River desert sucker, Catostomus clarkii utahensis,[8][10] and the Meadow Valley Wash desert sucker, Catostomus clarkii (unnamed).[8][11]
Some ichthyologists regarded these as members of the genus Pantosteus,[9] but later authors regard Pantosteus as a subgenus of Catostomus.[12] There are suggestions of hybridization between Catostomus clarkii and Catostomus insignis.[9]
References
edit- ^ NatureServe & Lyons, T.J. (2019). "Catostomus clarkii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T62193A129656831. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T62193A129656831.en. Retrieved 10 August 2023.
- ^ a b "Catostomus clarkii". NatureServe Explorer An online encyclopedia of life. 7.1. NatureServe. Retrieved 10 August 2023.
- ^ ""Desert Sucker" Arizona Game & Fish". Archived from the original on 2007-08-12. Retrieved 2007-08-20.
- ^ Sublette, James E.; Hatch, Michael D. and Sublette, Mary (1990) "Catostomus (Pantosteus) clarki Baird and Girard - desert sucker: Distribution" The Fishes of New Mexico University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico, page 207, ISBN 0-8263-1179-2
- ^ Pyron, Mark (1999) "Relationships between geographical range size, body size, local abundance, and habitat breadth in North American suckers and sunfishes" Journal of Biogeography 26(3): pp. 549-558, p. 557
- ^ Sublette et al. (1990) p.206
- ^ Lee et al. (1980)
- ^ a b c ""DFC North American Fish Index" Desert Fishes Council". Archived from the original on 2007-08-23. Retrieved 2007-08-20.
- ^ a b c Clarkson and Minckley (1988)
- ^ "Desert sucker: Catostomus clarkii utahensis" Mojave Max Archived 2007-10-09 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ ""Nevada Department of Wildlife LIP Focus Species" Nevada Department of Wildlife" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-10-08. Retrieved 2007-08-20.
- ^ Sublette et al. (1990)
- Lee, David S. et al. (1980) Atlas of North American Freshwater Fishes North Carolina State Museum of Natural History, Patricia Ledlie Bookseller Inc, ISBN 0-917134-03-6
- Clarkson, Robert W. and Minckley, W. L. (1988) "Morphology and foods of Arizona catostomid Fishes: Catostomus insignis, Pantosteus clarki, and their putative hybrids" Copeia 1988: pp. 422–433
- Sublette, James E.; Hatch, Michael D. and Sublette, Mary (1990) "Catostomus (Pantosteus) clarki Baird and Girard - desert sucker" The Fishes of New Mexico University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, pp. 205–207, ISBN 0-8263-1179-2
- Smith, G. R. 1992. "Phylogeny and biogeography of the Catostomidae, freshwater fishes of North America and Asia" Pages 778-826 In Mayden, R. L. (ed.) (1992) Systematics, historical ecology, and North American freshwater fishes Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford, California, ISBN 0-8047-2162-9
External links
edit- "Catostomus clarkii". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
- Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Catostomus clarkii". FishBase.