The Department of Munitions was an Australian government department that existed between 11 June 1940 and April 1948. Reporting to it was the Factory Board, which was in charge of the six Small Arms Ammunition Factories, along with a number of ammunition and explosives factories across Australia. The Minister for Munitions was responsible for the Department.
| Department overview | |
|---|---|
| Formed | 11 June 1940[1] |
| Preceding Department |
|
| Dissolved | 6 April 1948[1] |
| Superseding Department | |
| Jurisdiction | Commonwealth of Australia |
| Headquarters | Melbourne[2] |
| Minister responsible |
|
| Department executives |
|
History
editThe Department was created during World War II in an effort to speed up munitions production,[1] after it became apparent that Britain would not be able to supply Australia's armed forces with arms and ammunition throughout what was shaping up to be a long and hard war. The department was created on 11 June 1940, only about a week after the end of the evacuation of Dunkirk, where British forces were forced to leave Europe without most of their vehicles, armour and artillery. The department's main responsibility was the oversight of increased production of defence components.[3]
Between November 1940 and November 1941, the Salisbury Explosives Factory, then the largest such factory in Australia, was built in farmland area north of Adelaide (now Edinburgh).[3] The site was chosen because of "its strategic position and its proximity to rail transport, and to a water supply and labour". The architect Herbert Jory was engaged by the department to oversee the building of the factory, which at its height employed 3000 labourers and tradesmen seven days a week. The factory was completed within a year.[4]
In South Australia, other factories were built at Finsbury (now Woodville North) and Hendon. In addition, the South Australian Railways workshops at Islington as well as automotive and other plants were converted in order to produce the machinery of war. The Commonwealth Munitions Supply Laboratories moved into some of the Finsbury buildings after the war.[3]
In April 1948 the department was wound up and its functions shifted to the Department of Supply and Development, a change necessitated due to the legislation that the munitions department had been established under during wartime, that could not continue indefinitely.[5]
Structure and functions
editThe Department was a Commonwealth Public Service department, staffed by officials who were responsible to the Minister for Munitions.[1]
The position of Minister for Munitions was occupied by (in chronological order):[1]
- Robert Menzies (June 1941 – September 1940);
- Philip McBride (from after the September 1940 election until 1941);[6]
- Norman Makin (1941 — November 1946?);
- John Dedman (November 1946 –?); and
- John Armstrong (? – 1948).
The Factory Board was a body that was in charge of the six Small Arms Ammunition Factories, along with a number of ammunition and explosives factories across Australia.[7][8]
Other information about the department's functions and government funding allocation could be found in the Administrative Arrangements Orders, the annual Portfolio Budget Statements and in the Department's annual reports.
References
edit- ^ a b c d e CA 39: Department of Munitions, Central Administration, National Archives of Australia, retrieved 9 February 2021
- ^ Smith, Ailie, Corporate entry Department of Munitions (1940 - 1948), Encyclopedia of Australia Science, archived from the original on 31 March 2014
- ^ a b c Bell, Peter (25 June 2014). "Defence Science and Industry". SA History Hub. History Trust of South Australia. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
This entry was first published in The Wakefield Companion to South Australian History, edited by Wilfrid Prest, Kerrie Round and Carol Fort (Adelaide: Wakefield Press, 2001). Edited lightly and references updated. Uploaded 25 June 2014
- ^ "Architect Details: Jory, Harrold Herbert (Herbert)". Architects of South Australia. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
- ^ "New Ministry of Industrial Development". The Canberra Times. 17 March 1948. p. 2.
- ^ Lee, David. "McBride, Sir Philip Albert (1892–1982)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Australian National University. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
This article was first published in hardcopy in Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 18, (MUP), 2012
- ^ The Commonwealth of Australia, Department of Munitions, Factory Board. (1941), Special rules of the Commonwealth Government Explosives Factory, General Chemical Section [Catalogue entry], H.W. Daw, Government Printer, retrieved 19 January 2021
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Commonwealth of Australia. Department of Munitions. Factory Board (1940), Rules of the Commonwealth Government ammunition factories and small arms factories; [also titled] Ammunition factories rules [Catalogue entry], The Board – via National Library of Australia,
At foot of cover: Ammunition Factory, Hendon.