Deliatyn (Ukrainian: Делятин, pronounced [deˈlʲɑtɪn]; Polish: Delatyn), is a rural settlement in Nadvirna Raion, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, Ukraine. It is located 101 kilometers (63 miles) west of Chernivtsi and 294.6 miles (474.1 kilometers) west-southwest of Kyiv.[1] Together with Yaremche and Lanchyn it is part of a small agglomeration that runs along the Prut River valley between the Carpathian Mountains. Deliatyn hosts the administration of Deliatyn settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.[2] The population is 8,213 (2022 estimate).[3]
Deliatyn
Делятин | |
|---|---|
 | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Deliatyn  Deliatyn | |
| Coordinates: 48°31′43″N 24°37′25″E / 48.52861°N 24.62361°E | |
| Country |  Ukraine |
| Oblast | Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast |
| Raion | Nadvirna Raion |
| Hromada | Deliatyn settlement hromada |
| Founded | 1400 |
| Population (2022) | |
• Total | 8,213 |
Deliatyn is first mentioned in documents on March 9, 1400. In 1554 Deliatyn received the status of a city, and from 1579 the status of a city with Magdeburg rights.[4][5] The economic basis for the development of Deliatyn was the extraction of salt and salt production.[6]
In 1940 it received the status of an urban-type settlement,[7] and on November 13, 1940, it entered the Yaremcha Raion.[8] From December 30, 1962, it was part of the Bohorodchany Raion, but Deliatyn was assigned to the Nadvirna Raion.[9] On August 17, 2017, it became the center of the Deliatyn settlement hromada.[10]
Name
editThe name of the town had different forms over the centuries: Daliatyn (1400—1440), Deliatyn (1440—1960, 1990), Diliatyn[11] (1961— October 2, 1989).[12] It is believed that the name comes from the names of the legendary founders of the town: Dalia (or Dylia) and Tyna.[5] The Latin word "delatum" meant the place where products were brought to the auction.[4]
History
editDeliatyn became part of the Poland (together with Red Ruthenia) in the 14th century under King Casimir III the Great. In 1772, it was seized by the Austro-Hungarian Empire together with the province of Galicia in the First Partition of Poland. After World War I and the dissolution of Austria-Hungary, Deliatyn was captured by Polish troops, after the Polish–Soviet War it remained a part of the Stanisławów Voivodeship of the Second Polish Republic. Located in the picturesque area, it was a popular spa, with around 1,000 visitors yearly (in the late 1920s).
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1921 | 5,973 | — |
| 1931 | 8,815 | +47.6% |
| 2022 | 8,213 | −6.8% |
| Source: [13] | ||
- Archival views of Delatyn
-
Delatyn in the 1910s -
Archival views of Delatyn, ca 1930 -
City Hall, 1927 -
Main street, 1939 -
Railway station, circa 1930 -
Primary school, before 1939 -
Bathing establishment, 1929 -
County court, 1914 -
Viaduct, 1927
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World War II
editFollowing the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939, the village was occupied and annexed by the USSR until 1941, then occupied by Germany until 1944, and re-occupied by the Soviet Union, which annexed it from Poland in 1945. During the Soviet times, Deliatyn was famous by the Kovpak's Oak, which symbolizes the uncompromised hatred of Ukrainians towards Nazi Germany.[citation needed][8]
On January 17, 1940, Deliatyn Raion was separated from Nadwórna County. In 1940 it received the status of an urban-type settlement,[14] and on November 13, 1940, Deliatyn Raion was liquidated and entered the Yaremcha Raion.[15] From December 30, 1962, it was part of the Bohorodchany Raion, but Deliatyn was assigned to the Nadvirna Raion.[16]
Delatyn was home to a Jewish community until autumn 1941.[1] German archives record mass executions of Jews in the town, carried out by an Einsatzgruppen. On 16 October 1941, the SS, accompanied by the Ukrainian militia and Hungarian Border Guards units shot 1,950 Jews in a forest. [Lemberg Mosaic, Jakob Weiss, Alderbrook Press (2010)] Later, around 200 Jews were killed in the cemetery. During spring 1942, 3,000 Jews were shot. The remaining 2,000 Jews were deported from Deliatyn to the Bełżec extermination camp at the end of 1942. According to the archives, there was no ghetto in Deliatyn, although according to a witness there was one in the center, surrounded with a fence.[17]
Independent Ukraine
editOn 17 August 2017 Deliatyn settlement hromada was formed by merging the urban municipality of Deliatyn Settlement Council and the rural municipalities of Zarichchia, Chorni Oslavy, and Chornyi Potik of Nadvirna Raion.
Russo-Ukrainian War
editOn 19 March 2022 during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russian Armed Forces claim to have used the Kinzhal hypersonic missiles for the first time in world combat history to target a military storage site in Deliatyn.[18][19]
On April 28, 2022, the executive committee of the Deliatyn settlement council, as part of derussification and decommunization in Ukraine, decided to dismantle monuments-busts and memorial signs on the territory of the hromada, including a bust of the Russian poet Alexander Pushkin on the territory of Deliatyn Lyceum No. 3 and a memorial plaque to Soviet soldiers.[20][21][22]
Until 26 January 2024, Deliatyn was designated urban-type settlement. On this day, a new law entered into force which abolished this status, and Deliatyn became a rural settlement.[23]
Documentary film
editThe 1992 documentary film Return to My Shtetl Delatyn depicts filmmaker Willy Lindwer's travels with his father Berl Nuchim and his daughter Michal to Delatyn to "retrace the route his father had taken six decades earlier, escaping from the Nazis and to see how the area and its inhabitants had changed."[24]
Delatynite
editDelatynite is a variety of amber found in Deliatyn.[25][26][27]
References
editNotes
edit- ^ a b Shtetl Delatyn
- ^ "Делятинская громада" (in Russian). Портал об'єднаних громад України.
- ^ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
- ^ a b "Deliatyn urban-type settlement site 🏠 | Nadvirna Raion | Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast | Ukraine". mistaua.com (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 31 December 2022.
- ^ a b "Deliatyn. Map of historical and cultural heritage - Shtetl Routes - Theater NN". shtetlroutes.eu (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 30 December 2022.
- ^ "Deliatyn - guidebook - Shtetl Routes - Theater NN". shtetlroutes.eu (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 31 December 2022.
- ^ Deliatin // Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia. volume 3. Kyiv, "Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia", 1980. p. 297
- ^ a b Deliatin // Great Soviet Encyclopedia. / Red coll., ch. ed. B. A. Vvedenskyi. 2nd edition volume 13. M., State scientific publishing house "Great Soviet Encyclopedia", 1952. p.647
- ^ Делятін // Українська Радянська Енциклопедія. том 3. Київ, "Українська Радянська енциклопедія", 1980. стор.297
- ^ "Deliatyn Hromada - welcome to the official website". delyatynska-gromada.gov.ua. Retrieved 31 December 2022.
- ^ About specification of names of settlements of urban type of Otynia and Diliatyn of the Ivano-Frankivsk oblast
- ^ "Restoring the historical justice of the name of the town of Deliatyn". Retrieved 31 December 2022.
- ^ Wiadomości Statystyczne Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego (in Polish). Vol. X. Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystyczny. 1932. p. 194.
- ^ Deliatin // Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia. volume 3. Kyiv, "Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia", 1980. p. 297
- ^ Deliatin // Great Soviet Encyclopedia. / Red coll., ch. ed. B. A. Vvedenskyi. 2nd edition volume 13. M., State scientific publishing house "Great Soviet Encyclopedia", 1952. p.647
- ^ Делятін // Українська Радянська Енциклопедія. том 3. Київ, "Українська Радянська енциклопедія", 1980. стор.297
- ^ "Yahad - in Unum".
- ^ "Russia uses advanced hypersonic missiles in Ukraine for the first time". Times of Malta. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
- ^ "Ukraine Update: Zelenskiy Says Some Opposition Parties Suspended". Bloomberg.com. 19 March 2022. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
- ^ "The busts of Rudnev and Pushkin were dismantled in Prykarpattia". West Observer. 8 May 2022. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
- ^ "Busts of Pushkin and Commissar Rudnev were dismantled in Prykarpattia". www.ukrinform.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 23 January 2023.
- ^ "In the Deliatyn hromada, they decided to dismantle the busts of Rudnev and Pushkin". Курс. 7 May 2022. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
- ^ "Что изменится в Украине с 1 января". glavnoe.in.ua (in Russian). 1 January 2024.
- ^ The Willy Lindwer Film & Video Collection – Return to my Shtetl Delatyn
- ^ "Chronology of Delatyn, Galicia". Archived from the original on 30 December 2006. Retrieved 14 April 2007.
- ^ "Definition of DELATYNITE". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 31 December 2022.
- ^ "Delatynite". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 31 December 2022.