Cystopteris is a genus of ferns in the family Cystopteridaceae.[1][2] These are known generally as bladderferns or fragile ferns. They grow in temperate areas worldwide. This is a very diverse genus and within a species individuals can look quite different, especially in harsh environments where stress stunts their growth. They hybridize easily with each other and identifying an individual can be challenging. In general these are rhizomatous perennials which grow in rocks or soil. Their leaves are multiply pinnate, in that each leaflet is divided into smaller parts. The sori are usually rounded and covered in an inflated bladder-like indusium.
| Cystopteris | |
|---|---|
| |
| Cystopteris fragilis | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Division: | Polypodiophyta |
| Class: | Polypodiopsida |
| Order: | Polypodiales |
| Suborder: | Aspleniineae |
| Family: | Cystopteridaceae |
| Genus: | Cystopteris Bernh. |
| Species | |
|
10-20: see text | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| |
Species
edit- Cystopteris alpina
- Cystopteris bulbifera - bulblet fern
- Cystopteris chinensis (Ching) R.Wei & X.C.Zhang (syn. Cystoathyrium chinense Ching)
- Cystopteris diaphana
- Cystopteris dickieana - Dickie's bladderfern
- Cystopteris douglasii - Douglas' bladderfern
- Cystopteris fragilis - brittle bladderfern
- Cystopteris laurentiana - St. Lawrence bladderfern
- Cystopteris montana - mountain bladderfern
- Cystopteris protrusa - lowland bladderfern
- Cystopteris reevesiana - Reeves' bladderfern
- Cystopteris tennesseensis - Tennessee bladderfern
- Cystopteris tenuis - upland brittle fern
- Cystopteris utahensis - Utah bladderfern
Hybrids
editCystopteris widely hybridizes internally. Its diploid parent species include:
- C. bulbifera
- C. "hemifragilis" (an undiscovered or extinct diploid)
- C. protrusa
- C. reevesiana
The hybrid species include:
- C. fragilis (C. "hemifragilis" × C. reevesiana; allotetraploid)
- C. laurentiana (C. bulbifera × C. fragilis; allohexaploid)
- C. tennesseensis (C. bulbifera × C. protrusa; allotetraploid)
- C. tenuis (C. "hemifragilis" × C. protrusa; allotetraploid)
- C. utahensis (C. reevesiana × C. bulbifera; allotetraploid)
Non-species hybrids include:
- Cystopteris × illinoensis (C. bulbifera × C. tenuis; allotriploid)
- Cystopteris × wagneri (C. tennesseensis × C. tenuis; allo-allotetraploid)
- Cystopteris fragilis × Cystopteris tenuis (allo-allotetraploid)
- Cystopteris protrusa × Cystopteris tennesseensis (allotriploid)
References
edit- ^ a b PPG I (2016). "A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 54 (6): 563–603. doi:10.1111/jse.12229. S2CID 39980610.
- ^ Maarten J. M. Christenhusz, Xian-Chun Zhang & Harald Schneider (2011). "A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns" (PDF). Phytotaxa. 19: 7–54. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2.
- ^ Cystopteris Bernh. Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 29 Feb 2012
- ^ Hassler, Michael & Schmitt, Bernd (June 2019). "Aleuritopteris". Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World. Vol. 8. Archived from the original on 2 September 2017. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
- Lellinger, David B. A Field Manual of the Ferns & Fern-Allies of the United States & Canada. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. 1985.