Curtiss P-6 Hawk

P-6 Hawk
P-6 Hawk
	Curtiss P-6E Hawk at the National Museum of the U.S. Air Force
General information
Type	Fighter
National origin	United States
Manufacturer	Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company
Primary user	United States Army Air Corps
Number built	70 including modified P-1s
History
Manufactured	1929
Introduction date	1927
Developed from	Curtiss P-1 Hawk

The Curtiss P-6 Hawk is an American single-engine biplane fighter introduced into service in the late 1920s with the United States Army Air Corps and operated until the late 1930s prior to the outbreak of World War II.

Design and development

The Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company (which became the Curtis-Wright Corporation (15 July 1929) supplied the USAAC with P-6s beginning in 1929.

Operational history

Curtiss P-6E Hawk of the 17th Pursuit Squadron

A fast and highly maneuverable aircraft for its time, the XP-6 prototype took second place in the 1927 U.S. National Air Races, and the XP-6A with wing surface radiators took first place, at 201 mph (323 km/h). The P-6 was flown in a variety of paint schemes depending on the squadron, the most famous being the "Snow Owl" markings of the 17th Pursuit Squadron based at Selfridge Field near Detroit, Michigan.

The P-6Es served between 1932 and 1937 with the 1st Pursuit Group (17th and 94th PS) at Selfridge, and with the 8th Pursuit Group (33rd PS) at Langley Field, Virginia. Numerous accidents claimed at least 27 of the 46 aircraft delivered. As the P-6Es became obsolete, instead of receiving depot overhauls, they were allowed to wear out in service and were scrapped or sold. At least one survived into 1942 in United States Army Air Forces service.^[1]

In 1932, Capt. Ruben C. Moffat flew a P-6 converted with a supercharged Conqueror engine on a record-breaking flight. He flew from Dayton, Ohio to Washington, D.C. at a speed of approximately 266 mph, at an altitude of 25,000 ft.^[2]

Variants

Curtiss P-6A Hawk, with deeper fuselage and new oleo-pneumatic landing gear

The XP-17

XP-6: Model 34P, modified from a P-1 with a Curtiss V-1570-17 Conqueror engine
XP-6A: Model 34K, same as XP-6 but with untapered wings and wing radiators to reduce drag
P-6A: 18 ordered by the U.S. Army, nine were fitted with Prestone- rather than water-cooled V-1570 engines
XP-6B: P-1 converted to take the V-1670 engine
P-6C: cancelled
XP-6D: XP-6B converted to take a turbocharged V-1570-C
P-6D: P-6As, (six of the seven surviving), re-engined in 1932 with turbocharged V-1570-C installed in 1932
XP-6E: Model 35, also designated Y1P-22, ordered in July 1931 as P-6E prototype
P-6E: 46 delivered in 1931–1932, equipped the 17th and 33rd Pursuit Squadrons
XP-6F: Modified XP-6E with a supercharger and an enclosed cockpit
XP-6G: P-6E with a V-1570F

Curtiss P-6S Cuban Hawk

XP-6H: P-6E with 4 × .30 in (7.62 mm) machine guns mounted in the wings
P-6S: Hawk I, three sold to Cuba with the 450 hp (336 kW) Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp radial, and one sold to Japan as the Japan Hawk with the V-1570 inverted Vee piston engine
P-11: Three ordered with the Curtiss H-1640 Chieftain engine of 600 hp (447 kW), two were completed with the V-1570 and redesignated P-6D
XP-17: P-1 used as a testbed for the experimental Wright V-1470 air-cooled inverted vee
YP-20: P-11 converted with a Wright Cyclone radial

Curtiss XP-23

XP-21: Two conversions of the XP-3A used to test the 300 hp (224 kW) Pratt & Whitney R-985 Wasp Junior radial, one became the XP-21A when modified with the R-975, and the other was converted to the P-1F standard
XP-22: Temporary designation for a P-6A used to test new radiator installations for the V-1570-23 and converted back to a P-6A
XP-23: Model 63, unfinished P-6E with light alloy monocoque fuselage, improved tail, and a turbocharged G1V-1570C with a geared propeller and the turbocharger removed. Later redesignated YP-23

Operators

China

Republic of China Air Force operated 50 Hawk II.^[3]

Cuba

Cuban Air Force received three P-6S fighters with the 450 hp (336 kW) Wasp radial engine.

Japan

Japan bought one P-6S, possibly updated with a Conqueror engine.

Dutch East Indies

Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Air Force received eight examples of a P-6D with the Conqueror engine in 1930, another six were license-built by Aviolanda in 1931 and sent to Dutch East Indies as well. Three P-6 were lost before war: two in midair collision on 27 February 1936 and one probably after crash-landing 5 February 1935.

USA

United States Army Air Corps

Bolivia

Bolivian Air Force used the P-6S during the Chaco War. On 22 December 1932 a P-6 Hawk from Fortín Vitriones attacked Paraguayan gunboat ARP Tacuary which was anchored at Bahía Negra near (20°13′48″S 58°10′01″W / 20.23°S 58.16694°W / -20.23; -58.16694)

Surviving aircraft

Curtiss P-6E Hawk at the National Museum of the United States Air Force

A single P-6E survives. The aircraft was donated to the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum by Mr. Edward S. Perkins of Anniston, Alabama and restored by the School of Aeronautics at Purdue University. It is on indefinite loan and display at the National Museum of the United States Air Force at Wright-Patterson AFB near Dayton, Ohio. Originally s/n 32-261 and assigned to the 33rd Pursuit Squadron, it was dropped from records at Tampa Field, Florida, in September 1939. It was restored and marked as 32-240 of 17th Pursuit Squadron, missing on a flight over Lake Erie on 24 September 1932.^[4]^{[failed verification]}

Specifications (P-6E)

Data from Curtiss Aircraft 1907–1947^[5]

General characteristics

Crew: 1
Length: 22 ft 7 in (6.88 m)
Wingspan: 31 ft 6 in (9.60 m)
Height: 8 ft 11 in (2.72 m)
Wing area: 252 sq ft (23.4 m²)
Airfoil: Clark Y^[6]
Empty weight: 2,715 lb (1,232 kg)
Gross weight: 3,436 lb (1,559 kg)
Powerplant: 1 × Curtiss V-1750C Conqueror V-12 liquid-cooled piston engine, 700 hp (520 kW)
Propellers: 3-bladed propeller

Performance

Maximum speed: 193 mph (311 km/h, 168 kn)
Cruise speed: 165 mph (266 km/h, 143 kn)
Range: 244 mi (393 km, 212 nmi)
Service ceiling: 23,900 ft (7,300 m)
Rate of climb: 2,480 ft/min (12.6 m/s)

Armament

Guns: 2 × 0.30 in (7.6 mm) machine-guns

References

Notes

^ Baugher, Joe. "Curtiss P-6 Hawk." American Military Aircraft. Retrieved: 1 October 2011.
^ "Huge Supercharger Drives Plane to New Record." Popular Mechanics, April 1932, p. 591.
^ Gustavsson, Håkan. "Curtiss Hawks in the Chinese Air Force". Biplane Fighter Aces from the Second World War. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
^ "Curtiss P-6E Hawk". National Museum of the US Air Force. Retrieved 21 May 2018.
^ Bowers, Peter M. (1979). Curtiss aircraft, 1907-1947. London: Putnam. pp. 253–266. ISBN 0370100298.
^ Lednicer, David. "The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage". m-selig.ae.illinois.edu. Retrieved 16 April 2019.

Bibliography

Bowers, Peter M. "The Great Fighter Fly-Offs: Curtiss vs. Boeing". Wings, Volume 31, Number 1, February 2001.
Eden, Paul and Soph Moeng, eds. The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. London: Amber Books Ltd., 2002, ISBN 0-7607-3432-1.
Hagedorn, Dan (March–May 1992). "Curtiss Types in Latin America". Air Enthusiast. No. 45. pp. 61–77. ISSN 0143-5450.

External links

[1] Baugher, Joe. "Curtiss P-6 Hawk." American Military Aircraft. Retrieved: 1 October 2011.

[2] "Huge Supercharger Drives Plane to New Record." Popular Mechanics, April 1932, p. 591.

[3] Gustavsson, Håkan. "Curtiss Hawks in the Chinese Air Force". Biplane Fighter Aces from the Second World War. Retrieved 30 January 2013.

[4] "Curtiss P-6E Hawk". National Museum of the US Air Force. Retrieved 21 May 2018.

[Bowers-5] Bowers, Peter M. (1979). Curtiss aircraft, 1907-1947. London: Putnam. pp. 253–266. ISBN 0370100298.

[Selig-6] Lednicer, David. "The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage". m-selig.ae.illinois.edu. Retrieved 16 April 2019.

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