Wikipedia

Cryptoterrestrial hypothesis

The cryptoterrestrial hypothesis proposes that reports of flying saucers or UFOs are evidence of a hidden, Earth-based, technologically-advanced civilization.[1][2]

Aaron John Gulyas, a scholar of conspiracy theories, characterized the so-called hypothesis as "really more of a thought experiment designed to raise questions", while others note that "even people open to the cryptoterrestrial hypothesis remain sceptical".[1][3] In 2024, authors in a philosophy journal described the cryptoterrestrial hypothesis as a suggestion that "sounds absolutely crazy".[3][4][5]

Antecedents

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During the late 19th century, a variety of authors promoted ideas of an undiscovered superior civilization, variously located in mythical places such as Shambhala, Atlantis, Lemuria, or inside a hollow earth. In 1864, Jules Verne's novel Journey to the Center of the Earth imagined a hidden world beneath the Earth's surface.[3][6] In 1871, the novel The Coming Race was published anonymously; it discussed a subterranean superhuman race with psionic powers. In subsequent years, Theosophy founder Helena Blavatsky spread tales of superhuman masters hidden in the mountains of Tibet. In the ensuing decades, occultists alleged the existence of secret superhuman societies in a variety of mythical places including Shambhala, Atlantis, Thule, Hyperborea,[7] Mu, Lemuria, or even the interior of a Hollow Earth.[8][9][10]

In his 1895 novel The Time Machine, H.G. Wells wrote about Morlocks, a hidden, subterranean race of technological humanoids who feed on helpless surface-dwellers.[11] The 1933 novel Lost Horizon and its 1937 film adaptation depict Shangri-La, a Tibetan paradise inhabited by peaceful, nearly-immortal people. The 1935 serial The Phantom Empire starred Gene Autry as a singing cowboy who stumbles upon an ancient subterranean civilization living beneath his own ranch.

The Shaver Mystery

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Shaver's first published work, the novella "I Remember Lemuria", was the cover story in the March 1945 Amazing Stories

During the mid-1940s, an obscure sub-culture developed around the science-fiction magazine Amazing Stories and its tales of Richard Sharpe Shaver, claimed to be non-fictional.[12] Since 1945, the magazine had published Shaver's claims to be in communication with subterranean beings concerned about atomic pollution who piloted disc-shaped craft.[12]

In the October 1947 issue of Amazing Stories, editor Raymond Palmer argued the flying disc flap was proof of Richard Sharpe Shaver's claims. That same issue carried a letter from Shaver in which he argued the truth behind the discs would remain a secret.[13]

Wrote Shaver: "The discs can be a space invasion, a secret new army plane — or a scouting trip by an enemy country...OR, they can be Shaver's space ships, taking off and landing regularly on earth for centuries past, and seen today as they have always been — as a mystery. They could be leaving earth with cargos of wonder-mech that to us would mean emancipation from a great many of our worst troubles— and we'll never see those cargos...I predict that nothing more will be seen, and the truth of what the strange disc ships really are will never be disclosed to the common people. We just don't count to the people who do know about such things. It isn't necessary to tell us anything."[13][12]

After Shaver's death in 1975, his editor Raymond Palmer admitted that "Shaver had spent eight years not in the Cavern World, but in a mental institution" being treated for paranoid schizophrenia.[14]

UFO reports as hidden terrestrials

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Nearly a year before the flying disc craze, Amazing Stories featured disc-shaped spacecraft.

On June 24, 1947, during the first summer of the Cold War, civilian pilot Kenneth Arnold gave a report of seeing hypersonic disc shaped craft flying over Washington State. Arnold's claim was reported in papers nationwide, igniting a craze of copycat reports. mainstream experts concluded the reports were caused by social contagion. By July 7, Arnold was suggesting the reports might caused by extraterrestrial spaceships.

While some interpreted UFO reports as evidence of extraterrestrials, a few authors suggested non-human terrestrials were responsible. During the 1947 flying disc craze, Theosophists like Meade Layne suggested that flying saucers came from Earth's 'etheric plane' while Hollow Earth conspiracy theorists suggested that the UFO reports were being caused by a technological civilization beneath the surface of the Earth.[15] Others suggested the UFO reports might be caused by animals indigenous to Earth's atmosphere. In the mid 20th-century, authors like Morris Jessup and Erich von Däniken suggested extra-terrestrials might have arrived on Earth in pre-historic times, a possibility depicted in the 1969 Kubrick film 2001: A Space Odyssey. In his 1956 book They Knew Too Much About Flying Saucers author Gray Barker suggested the saucers might come from an inner Earth, [16] a connection also explored by Albert K. Bender in his 1962 book Flying Saucers and the Three Men.[17] In 1960, Raymond Bernard's book Flying Saucers from the Earth's Interior further popularized the idea. Beginning in the 1970s, authors like John Keel and Jacques Vallee suggested UFO reports might be linked to supernatural beings they termed 'ultra-terrestrials'.

The term "Crypto-terrestrial"

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In the 2000s, author Mac Tonnies coined the term "crypto-terrestrial" to describe theoretical hidden indigenous humanoids. Tonnies compared his "Crypto-terrestrial Hypothesis" with what he termed the Null Hypothesis of UFOs, the idea that "UFOs can be universally ascribed to misidentified natural phenomena and sightings of unconventional earthly aircraft". Tonnies contrasted his cryptoterrestrial hypothesis with the 'ultraterrestrial hypothesis' of the 1970s, writing: "Keel and Vallee have both ventured essentialy 'occult' ideas in cosmological terms; both ... require a revision of our understanding of the way reality itself works. But the cryptoterrestial hypothesis is grounded in a more familiar context. I'm not suggesting unseen dimensions of the need for ufonauts to 'downshift' to our level of consciousness. Rather I'm asking if it's feasible that the alleged aliens that occupy historical and contemporary mythology are flesh-and-blood human-like creatures that live right here on Earth."[18]

Tonnies and his cryptoterrestrials were featured in the writings of fringe UFO authors like Nick Redfern, Jerome Clark, Paul Kimball, and Hal Puthoff.[19][3]

The hypothesis is sometimes also referred to as intraterrestrial,[20] or inner-earth[21].

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The 1973 science-fiction story Chains of the Sea features apparently-extraterrestrial visitors who are essentially indifferent to humans but interact with hidden intelligent beings native to Earth.[22] In the 1989 film The Abyss, deep sea divers investigating the wreck of a nuclear-armed submarine make contact with an advanced civilization indigenous to Earth's oceans. [23] In a 1996 episode of The X-Files titled "Jose Chung's From Outer Space", a UFO contactee is revealed to be a fantasy-prone personality when he conveys a message from "Lord Kinbote", a creature who comes "not from outer space, but from inner space... from within the Earth's molten core".[24]

In music, Japanese visual artist Tadanori Yokoo depicted a UFO on the back cover of Miles Davis' 1975 album Agharta, flying in a spotlight over the subterranean kingdom of Agartha.[25] An inscription in the LP's gatefold sleeve explained that:

During various periods in history the supermen of Agharta came to the surface of Earth to teach the human race how to live together in peace and save us from wars, catastrophe, and destruction. The apparent sighting of several flying saucers soon after the bombing of Hiroshima may represent one visitation.[26]

Tadanori was partly inspired by Raymond W. Bernard's book The Hollow Earth.[27]

In their 1997 single Alien Attack the Swedish synthpop band S.P.O.C.K talk about a superior terrestrial race who fled to space long ago to escape a natural catastrophe and now is coming back disguised as aliens to claim their planet back.[28] The following year, American rapper Afrika Bambaataa and German DJ WestBam released the single Agharta - The City of Shamballa, under the compound artist name I.F.O. - Identified Flying Objects). The intro titles to the music video read "there are good forces that live inside the Earth sending out UFOs to free the world." Afrika Bambaataa, in the role of a black "UFO priest", sings the words "Don't you wanna go on my UFO?" and "I went to the North Pole I went to the South Pole I stepped in the Congo I stepped in a Hollow Hole they took me to another world the subterranean world it's called Agartha." Towards the end of the music video the point of origin of a fleet of flying saucers is revealed: a foggy gap within the mountains, and as the camera zooms out, planet Earth comes into full view and a big luminous hole in the ground can be seen at the pole of the Earth, out of an into which the UFOs fly.[29][30]

In cinema, throughout Jordan Peele's 2022 movie Nope, protagonists OJ and Emerald discover that the UFO isn't a ship, but a flying cryptid or "space critter".[31] Caltech professor John O. Dabiri worked with Peele and his team to design the UFO monster, specifically its final "biblical angel" form, to make it look like an undiscovered previously extinct aerial predator, with anatomical and locomotive elements inspired by jellyfish, octopuses, squid, electric eels and ghost knifefish, as well as the Earth-bound angels from Neon Genesis Evangelion.[32][33][34] In the MonsterVerse multimedia franchise, the term MUTO (Massive Unidentified Terrestrial Organism) is used to refer to creatures native to Earth (King Ghidorah being the only extraterrestrials in the series) that have eluded classification, hiding for centuries in the Hollow Earth, their underground homeworld. MUTOs have been dubbed “the UFOs of monsters” by Godzilla’s director Gareth Edwards.[35]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Gulyas, Aaron John (January 23, 2014). The Chaos Conundrum: Essays on UFOs, Ghosts & Other High Strangeness in Our Non-Rational and Atemporal World. Andrews UK Limited. ISBN 978-0-9916975-8-8 – via Google Books.
  2. ^ Michaels, Denver (November 8, 2021). Strange Tales from Virginia's Mountains: The Norton Woodbooger, The Missing Beale Treasure, the Ghost Town of Lignite and More. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4671-4662-3 – via Google Books.
  3. ^ a b c d Lomas, Tim; Masters, Brendan; Case, Michael (Jan 7, 2024). "The cryptoterrestrial hypothesis: A case for scientific openness to a subterranean earthly explanation for Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena" (PDF). Philosophy and Cosmology (33): 67–122. doi:10.29202/phil-cosm/33/3 – via ResearchGate.
  4. ^ Riley, Neal (July 2, 2024). "Aliens could be "walking among us" on Earth, Harvard researchers suggest - CBS Boston". www.cbsnews.com.
  5. ^ "Alien 'Cryptoterrestrials' Could Be Secretly Hiding Deep Underground, Harvard Scientists Claim". Popular Mechanics. September 24, 2024.
  6. ^ Per Lomas et al: "Indeed, the notion of cryptoterrestrials has a long pedigree. For a start, it has often been imagined that mysteries may be concealed within the Earth, such as deep caverns, as memorably captured in literature by Jules Verne (1864)".
  7. ^ William Fairfield Warren, in his book Paradise Found – The Cradle of the Human Race at the North Pole (1885), presented his belief that humanity originated on a continent in the Arctic called Hyperborea.
  8. ^ A Journey to the Earth's Interior, Marshall Gardner, Mokelumne Hill Pr, 1974 Edition, ISBN 0-7873-1192-8
  9. ^ The 1892 novel Goddess of Atvatabar discussed utopian advanced civilization with flying machines and airships inside a hollow Earth.
  10. ^ William R. Bradshaw (1892). The Goddess of Atvatabar. Arno Press. p. 63, 100, 139-144. ISBN 9780405062797. Retrieved Jan 18, 2024.
  11. ^ The Time Machine was noted for its similarity to The Coming Race
  12. ^ a b c Toronto, Richard (April 25, 2013). War over Lemuria: Richard Shaver, Ray Palmer and the Strangest Chapter of 1940s Science Fiction. McFarland. ISBN 9780786473076 – via Google Books.
  13. ^ a b "Amazing Stories v21n10 (1947 10) (cape1736)". October 1947 – via Internet Archive.
  14. ^ Ackerman. World of Science Fiction. p. 117.
  15. ^ Flying Saucers from the Earth's Interior. Mokelumne Hill, CA: Health Research, 1960.
  16. ^ Mckee, Gabriel (August 28, 2018). "A Contactee Canon: Gray Barker's Saucerian Books" (PDF). nyu.edu. New York University. p. 5, 10, 14. Retrieved December 11, 2023.
  17. ^ Albert K. Bender (1962). Flying Saucers and the Three Men. University of California: Saucerian Books. p. 194. Retrieved Jan 16, 2024. Were these MIB and spacemen from outer space, Inner Earth, or agents of some terrestrial government? Why did they have a secret base underneath the ice of the Antarctica?
  18. ^ Tonnies 2010, quoted in Redfern 2010
  19. ^ Redfern: Contactees (2010) , Clark: Unexplained! (2012), Kimball: The Other Side of Truth (2013)
  20. ^ Whitesel, Brad (2001). "Walter Siegmeister's Inner-Earth Utopia". Utopian Studies. 12 (2): 92-93. JSTOR 20718317.
  21. ^ Clark, Jerome (2000). Extraordinary Encounters An Encyclopedia of Extraterrestrials and Otherworldly Beings (PDF). Santa Barbara, California: ABC-Clio. p. 123, 153. ISBN 1-57607-249-5. Retrieved December 11, 2023.
  22. ^ D'Ammassa, Don (April 22, 2015). Encyclopedia of Science Fiction. Infobase Learning. ISBN 978-1-4381-4062-9 – via Google Books.
  23. ^ Greer, John Michael (October 31, 2020). The UFO Chronicles: How Science Fiction, Shamanic Experiences, and Secret Air Force Projects Created the UFO Myth. Aeon Books. ISBN 978-1-913504-44-1 – via Google Books.
  24. ^ Kowalski, Dean A. (September 21, 2008). The Philosophy of The X-Files. University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 978-0-8131-3905-0 – via Google Books.
  25. ^ Buchwald 2012, p. 110; Thorgerson & Powell 1999, p. 20.
  26. ^ Buchwald 2012, p. 110.
  27. ^ Thorgerson, Storm; Powell, Aubrey (1999). 100 Best Album Covers. DK Publishing. p. 20. ISBN 0-7894-4951-X.
  28. ^ Burg, Press. "Alien Attack". genius.com. Retrieved Dec 22, 2023. 60 million years ago Another race, superior to our Foresaw the catastrophy Fled to space and fled the tragedy Now they're here again with a simple claim Alien, alien attack They want their planet back
  29. ^ Buchwald, Dagmar (2012). Berressem, Hanjo; Bucher, Michael; Schwagmeier, Uwe (eds.). Black Sun Underground: The Music of AlieNation - 1. UFOs from the Center of the Earth. LIT Verlag. p. 101-102. ISBN 9783643902283. Retrieved Jan 9, 2024.
  30. ^ Mellamphy, Dan & Nandita Biswas (16 December 2015). "Welcome to the Electrocene, an Algorithmic Agartha". culturemachine.net. Retrieved Jan 9, 2024.
  31. ^ Weekes, Princess (July 25, 2022). "What Does the Gordy Subplot Mean in Jordan Peel[e]'s 'Nope'?". The Mary Sue. Archived from the original on July 25, 2022. Retrieved July 25, 2022. The murder of Jupe's family confirms to OJ that this flying saucer isn't a ship, but a predatory cryptid, one-winged-angel-style creature that acts when its dominance is tested when people look straight at it.
  32. ^ Stefansky, Emma (July 25, 2022). "Inside the Eerie UFO Design for Jordan Peele's 'Nope'". Thrillist. Archived from the original on July 25, 2022. Retrieved July 25, 2022.
  33. ^ Egan, Toussaint (July 25, 2022). "The inspirations behind the monster in Nope". Polygon. p. ]ublicly. Archived from the original on July 25, 2022. Retrieved July 25, 2022. Over the course of the film, the UAP ["unidentified aerial phenomenon"] assumes several terrifying forms, which make it roughly something of a cross between a shark, a flying saucer, a manta ray, a flat humongous man-eating eyeball, and a "biblically accurate" angel, [with] Jean Jacket's appearance and design most closely resembl[ing] those of Sahaquiel, the 10th Angel, which appears in the 12th episode of the original 1995 anime, "A Miracle's Worth," and the second film in the Rebuild of Evangelion tetralogy, Evangelion[:] 2.0 You Can (Not) Advance
  34. ^ Adlakha, Siddhant (July 20, 2022). "IGN: Nope Review". Polygon. Archived from the original on July 20, 2022. Retrieved July 20, 2022. (the design of this apparent saucer is, initially, shocking in its simplicity, but by the end, you may as well call it "Biblically accurate").
  35. ^ "Facebook Q&A with Director Gareth Edwards". Facebook. Archived from the original on October 15, 2022. Retrieved Nov 26, 2023.
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