Craterus or Krateros (Greek: Κρατερός; c. 370 BC – 321 BC)[citation needed] was a Macedonian general under Alexander the Great and one of the Diadochi. Throughout his life, he was a loyal royalist and supporter of Alexander the Great.[1]
Craterus | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Native name | Κόνων |
| Born | c. 370 BC |
| Died | c. 321 BC (aged c. 49) |
| Allegiance | Macedonia |
| Years of service | 334 - 321 BC |
| Battles / wars | |
| Spouse(s) | Amastris (m. 324 BC) Phila (m. 322 BC) |
Craterus was the son of a Macedonian nobleman named Alexander from Orestis and brother of admiral Amphoterus. Craterus commanded the phalanx and all infantry on the left wing in Battle of Issus in 333 BC. In Hyrcania, he was sent on a mission against the Tapurians, his first independent command with the Macedonian army. At the Battle of the Hydaspes in 326 BC, near modern Jhelum, he commanded the rearguard, which stayed on the western bank; his men crossed the river only during the final stages of the battle.
At the festivities in Susa, Craterus married princess Amastris, daughter of Oxyathres, the brother of Darius III. Craterus left Alexander's troops in Opis in 324 BC.[2] Craterus and Polyperchon were appointed to lead 11,500 veteran soldiers back to Macedonia and replace Antipater[3] who was ordered to lead a fresh contingent of soldiers to join Alexander's army in the east.[4] But Craterus' arrival to Macedonia was delayed by a lack of vessels for the transport over the sea.[4] Craterus stayed in Cilicia, where he was building the fleet,[5][4] when Alexander unexpectedly died in Babylon. In case Craterus wouldn't be able to govern in Macedonia due to his health, his successor was to be Polyperchon.[6] At the time, he had about 10,000 veterans with him.[1] Craterus eventually crossed into Europe when Antipater requested assistance from several commanders in the Lamian war, but leaving the supreme command in possession of Antipater.[7]
He sailed with his Cilician navy to Greece and led troops at the Battle of Crannon in August 322 BC. When Antigonus rose in rebellion against Perdiccas and Eumenes, Craterus joined him, alongside Antipater and Ptolemy. He married Antipater's daughter Phila,[7] with whom he had a son, also called Craterus.
He was killed in battle against Eumenes in Asia Minor when his charging horse fell over him, somewhere near the Hellespont, in 321 BC.
In popular media
edit- Named with the phonetically accurate spelling of Krateros, Craterus is one of the minor characters in the historical novel Roxana Romance by A.J. Cave.
- Also named as Krateros, Craterus is a major character in the two Alexander novels by Mary Renault, The Persian Boy and Fire From Heaven.
- In the film Alexander, he is played by British actor Rory McCann.
References
edit- ^ a b Anson, Edward M. (2014)p.24
- ^ Pitt, E. M.; Richardson, W. P. (May 2017), p.79
- ^ Errington, R. Malcolm (2008). A History of the Hellenistic World. Blackwell Publishing. p. 14. ISBN 978-0631233886.
- ^ a b c Pitt, E. M.; Richardson, W. P. (May 2017). "Hostile inaction? Antipater, Craterus, and the Macedonian regency". The Classical Quarterly. 67 (1): 77–78. doi:10.1017/S0009838817000301. ISSN 0009-8388. S2CID 157417151.
- ^ Anson, Edward M. (14 July 2014). Alexander's Heirs: The Age of the Successors. John Wiley & Sons. p. 23. ISBN 978-1-4443-3962-8.
- ^ Pitt, E. M.; Richardson, W. P. (May 2017), p.80
- ^ a b Pitt, E. M.; Richardson, W. P. (May 2017), pp.82–83
External links
edit- Craterus Archived 18 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine (in Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology)
- Biography from livius.org