The Cottonwood River (Dakota: Wáǧa Ožú Wakpá, lit. 'Cottonwood Grove River') is a tributary of the Minnesota River, 152 miles (245 km) long, in southwestern Minnesota in the United States. Via the Minnesota River, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River, draining an area of 1,313 square miles (3,400 km2) in an agricultural region. The river's name is a translation of the Dakota name for the river, Wáǧa Ožú Wakpá, for the cottonwood tree groves, which are common along prairie rivers.[6] It has also been known historically as the Big Cottonwood River.[1]
| Cottonwood River | |
|---|---|
 The Cottonwood River in Flandrau State Park in 2007 | |
 | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Minnesota |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | Coteau des Prairies |
| • location | Rock Lake Township, Lyon County |
| • coordinates | 44°12′06″N 95°56′06″W / 44.20167°N 95.93500°W[1] |
| • elevation | 1,653 ft (504 m)[2] |
| Mouth | Minnesota River |
• location | near New Ulm, Brown County |
• coordinates | 44°17′05″N 94°24′55″W / 44.28472°N 94.41528°W[1] |
• elevation | 794 ft (242 m)[2] |
| Length | 152.4 mi (245.3 km)[3] |
| Basin size | 1,313 sq mi (3,400 km2)[4] |
| Discharge | |
| • location | near New Ulm[5] |
| • average | 381 cu ft/s (10.8 m3/s)[5] |
| • minimum | 0.5 cu ft/s (0.014 m3/s) |
| • maximum | 28,700 cu ft/s (810 m3/s) |
The Cottonwood River flows generally eastwardly throughout its course. It rises southwest of Balaton in Rock Lake Township in southern Lyon County, as an intermittent stream on the Coteau des Prairies, a morainic plateau dividing the Mississippi and Missouri River watersheds. The river flows off the Coteau in a wooded valley in southeastern Lyon County, dropping 200 feet (61 m) in five miles (8.0 km), and enters a region of till plains, flowing through southern Redwood County, the northeastern corner of Cottonwood County, and northern Brown County, past the communities of Sanborn and Springfield. It enters a wooded valley near its mouth, flowing through Flandrau State Park and entering the Minnesota River just southeast of New Ulm. The river was formerly dammed to form a lake in the state park, but the dam was not rebuilt after being washed out by floods in 1965 and 1969.[6][7][8]
Due to the northeastward slope of the Coteau des Prairies and the presence of a terminal moraine along the northern side of the river, very few tributaries enter the Cottonwood River from the north. The largest is Sleepy Eye Creek, 51 miles (82 km) long, which flows eastwardly through Redwood and Brown Counties, past Cobden. Tributaries from the south include Plum Creek, 35 miles (56 km) long, which flows northeastwardly through Murray and Redwood Counties, past Walnut Grove; and Dutch Charley Creek, 46 miles (74 km) long, which flows northeastwardly through Murray, Cottonwood, and Redwood Counties.[3][6][7][8]
Approximately 84% of land in the Cottonwood River watershed is used for agriculture; the predominant crops are corn and soybeans. Wetlands in the watershed have been extensively drained, and fewer than 4,000 acres (16 km2) remain.[7]
Flow rate
editAt the United States Geological Survey's stream gauge near New Ulm, 3.2 miles (5.1 km) upstream from the river's mouth, the annual mean flow of the river between 1909 and 2005 was 381 cubic feet per second (11 m³/s). The highest recorded flow during the period was 28,700 ft³/s (813 m³/s) on April 10, 1969. The lowest recorded flow was 0.5 ft³/s (0 m³/s) on November 27, 1952.[5]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c Geographic Names Information System. "Geographic Names Information System entry for Cottonwood River (Feature ID #641538)". Archived from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2007.
- ^ a b Google Earth elevation for GNIS coordinates. Retrieved on 3 June 2007.
- ^ a b "Cottonwood River Major Watershed". Minnesota River Basin Data Center. Minnesota State University, Mankato. 6 June 2000. pp. Streams within the Cottonwood River Major Watershed. Retrieved 3 June 2007.
- ^ "Cottonwood River Major Watershed". Minnesota River Basin Data Center. Minnesota State University, Mankato. 6 June 2000. pp. General Description. Retrieved 3 June 2007.
- ^ a b c Mitton, G. B.; K. G. Guttormson; G. W. Stratton; E. S. Wakeman. "Water Resources Data in Minnesota, Water Year 2005 Annual Report". United States Geological Survey. pp. Cottonwood River near New Ulm, MN. Archived from the original on 30 July 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2007.
- ^ a b c Waters, Thomas F. (2006). "The Southwest: Rivers of the Coteau des Prairies". The Streams and Rivers of Minnesota. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. pp. 288–303. ISBN 0-8166-0960-8.
- ^ a b c "Watersheds of the Minnesota River Basin". Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. 1 December 2005. pp. Minnesota River - Cottonwood River Watershed. Archived from the original on 5 February 2007. Retrieved 3 June 2007.
- ^ a b Minnesota Atlas & Gazetteer. Yarmouth, Me.: DeLorme. 1994. pp. 20, pp. 29–31. ISBN 0-89933-222-6.