The Constitutional Court of the State of Berlin (German: Verfassungsgerichtshof des Landes Berlin; abbreviated BerlVerfGH) is the state constitutional court of Berlin. It has its seat at the Kammergericht building in the Schöneberg district of Berlin. Since November 2019, Ludgera Selting is the president of the court.
| Constitutional Court of the State of Berlin | |
|---|---|
| Verfassungsgerichtshof des Landes Berlin | |
 Constitutional Court of the State of Berlin in the Kammergericht building | |
 | |
| 52°29′33″N 13°21′26″E / 52.49250°N 13.35722°E | |
| Established | 1992 |
| Jurisdiction | Berlin |
| Location | Berlin, Germany |
| Coordinates | 52°29′33″N 13°21′26″E / 52.49250°N 13.35722°E |
| Authorised by | Article 84 Verfassung von Berlin |
| Judge term length | 7 years |
| Number of positions | 9 |
| Language | German |
| Website | berlin |
| President of the Constitutional Court of the State of Berlin | |
| Currently | Ludgera Selting |
| Since | November 2019 |
| Vice-President of the Constitutional Court of the State of Berlin | |
| Currently | Robert Seegmüller |
| Since | November 2019 |
Jurisdiction
editThe jurisdiction and duties of the Constitutional Court of the State of Berlin are regulated in Article 84 of the Constitution of Berlin, as well as in the Gesetz über den Verfassungsgerichtshof (VerfGHG).[1] The court is mainly responsible for deciding the following types of claims:
- Verfassungsbeschwerden (Article 84(2) No 5 Constitution of Berlin). In 2015, almost 96 percent of all petitions received by the court were constitutional complaints.[1]
- Organstreit proceedings (Organstreitverfahren; Article 84(2) No 1 Constitution of Berlin)[2]
- Abstract judicial review of statutes (Abstrakte Normenkontrollverfahren; Article 84(2) No 4 Constitution of Berlin)[3]
- Specific judicial review of statutes (Konkrete Normenkontrollverfahren; Article 84(2) No 2 Constitution of Berlin)[2]
- Electoral complaints (Wahlprüfungen; Section 14(2) No 1 and 2 Gesetz über den Verfassungsgerichtshof)[4]
- Complaints concerning popular initiatives, petitions for referendums and referendums (Section 41 of the Gesetz über Volksinitiative, Volksbegehren und Volksentscheid)[4]
History
editInstitutional history
editThe Constitution of Berlin of 1 September 1950 contained in its Article 72 a mandate to establish a state constitutional court for Berlin. However, due to the special political and legal position of Berlin before the German reunification, such a court was not established and the mandate for the constitution of the court was abolished in 1974.[5] Therefore, no state constitutional court existed in Berlin until 1992.[6]
To rectify this situation, the Abgeordnetenhaus of Berlin passed a law on the establishment of a Berlin constitutional court in 1990, which entered into force on 2 December 1990.[7] But even before the first election of judges for the newly established court, scheduled for 21 February 1991, the law had to be amended.[7] The main reason for this were the rules on the compensation of the court's judges which were deemed to be unreasonably generous.[8]
On 26 March 1992, the Abgeordnetenhaus of Berlin finally elected the first nine judges of the court and on 21 May 1992 the newly established court rendered its first decision.[9] Klaus Finkelnburg was elected to serve as the court's first president and Ehrhart Körting was chosen as its first vice-president.[9]
From 2007 to 2012, a woman headed the court for the first time – Margret Diwell.[10]
Major decisions
editThe decision of 12 January 1993 (VerfGH 55/92),[α] that the prosecution of Erich Honecker, the former Chairman of the State Council of East Germany, was incompatible with human dignity as enshrined in Article 1 of the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany due to his state of health, caused considerable controversy.[11]
On 16 November 2022 (VerfGH 154/21),[β] the court declared the 2021 Berlin state election void and ordered a repeat election within 90 days due to "serious systematic deficiencies in the preparation" of the 2021 election.[12][13] The repeat election happened on the last possible Sunday within this 90 days-period, thus on 12 February 2023.[13] The annulment of the election was the first court-ordered voidance of a German state election since the 1991 Hamburg state election.[12]
Composition and judges
editComposition and election
editThe Constitutional Court of the State of Berlin is composed of nine judges including its president and vice-president (Article 84(1) Constitution of Berlin).[14] Three of the nine judges must be professional judges (Berufsrichter) and three others must be qualified to hold judicial office (Befähigung zum Richteramt).[14] All judges are elected by the Abgeordnetenhaus of Berlin with a two-thirds majority (Article 84(1) Constitution of Berlin) for a seven-year term without the possibility of re-election.[15]
Only persons who have reached the age of 35 and are eligible for election to the Bundestag may serve as judges of the court. Men and women must each make up at least three of the Constitutional Court judges. All judges serve in an honorary capacity and only receive a small reimbursement.[15]
Presidents
edit| President | Tenure
(as justice) |
Tenure
(as president) |
Tenure length
(as president) |
Proposal | Ref. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Klaus Finkelnburg | March 1992 – March 2000 |
March 1992 – March 2000 |
8 years | CDU | [16][17] |
| 2 | Helge Sodan | March 2000 – April 2007 |
March 2000 – April 2007 |
7 years, 1 month | CDU | [16][17] |
| 3 | Margret Diwel | June 2004 – March 2012 |
April 2007 – March 2012 |
4 years, 11 month | SPD | [16][18] |
| 4 | Sabine Schudoma | March 2012 – 31 October 2019 |
8 March 2012 – 31 October 2019 |
7 years, 237 days | SPD | [16][19] |
| 5 | Ludgera Selting | November 2019 – Incumbent |
November 2019 – Incumbent |
Incumbent | SPD | [20] |
Vice-Presidents
edit| Vice-President | Tenure
(as justice) |
Tenure
(as vice-president) |
Tenure length
(as vice-president) |
Proposal | Ref. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ehrhart Körting | March 1992 – March 1997 |
March 1992 – March 1997 |
5 years | SPD | [16] |
| 2 | Ulrich Storost | May 1997 – June 2004 |
May 1997 – June 2004 |
7 years, 1 month | SPD | [16] |
| 3 | Margret Diwel | June 2004 – March 2012 |
June 2004 – April 2007 |
2 years, 10 month | SPD | [16] |
| 4 | Michael Hund | April 2007 – July 2014 |
April 2007 – July 2014 |
7 years, 3 month | CDU | [16] |
| 5 | Robert Seegmüller | November 2019 – Incumbent |
November 2019 – Incumbent |
Incumbent | CDU | [16][21] |
References
editNotes
edit- ^ Available online at openJur 2012, 682.
- ^ Available online at Berliner Vorschriften- und Rechtsprechungsdatenbank
Citations
edit- ^ a b Reutter 2017, p. 93.
- ^ a b Reutter 2017, p. 96.
- ^ Reutter 2017, pp. 96–97.
- ^ a b Reutter 2017, p. 97.
- ^ Reutter 2017, p. 77.
- ^ Reutter 2017, p. 78.
- ^ a b Reutter 2017, p. 79.
- ^ Reutter 2017, pp. 79–80.
- ^ a b 30 Jahre Verfassungsgerichtshof des Landes Berlin 2022.
- ^ Berliner Morgenpost 2007.
- ^ Bonnart 1993.
- ^ a b Knight 2022.
- ^ a b Wehner 2022.
- ^ a b Reutter 2017, p. 85.
- ^ a b Verfassungsgerichtshof: Über uns 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i List of judges 2020.
- ^ a b Grunert 2000.
- ^ Der Tagesspiegel 2011.
- ^ LSG Berlin-Brandenburg 2019.
- ^ Ringelstein et al. 2019.
- ^ Keilani 2014.
Bibliography
edit- "30 Jahre Verfassungsgerichtshof des Landes Berlin" (Press release) (in German). Berlin. 20 May 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
- "Ehemalige Verfassungsrichterinnen und -richter" (PDF). Berlin (in German). 8 March 2020. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
- "Oberstes Gericht trotz Querelen arbeitsfähig". Berliner Morgenpost (in German). 20 May 2007. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
- "Präsidentin des Landessozialgerichts Berlin-Brandenburg". Brandenburg (in German). Retrieved 29 January 2023.
- "Rot und Grün bummeln bei Richterwahl". Der Tagesspiegel. 17 May 2011. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
- "Verfassungsgerichtshof: Über uns". Berlin (in German). 15 August 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
- Bonnart, Frederick (9 February 1993). "Honecker: A Last Chance for Justice". International Herald Tribune. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
- Grunert, Brgitte (9 March 2000). "Mit der Wahl ging ein ewiger Parteienstreit zu Ende". Der Tagesspiegel (in German).
- Keilani, Fatina (17 October 2014). "Justiz: Erster türkischstämmiger Berliner wird Verfassungsrichter". Der Tagesspiegel (in German). ISSN 1865-2263. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
- Knight, Ben (16 November 2022). "Berlin state elections declared void". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
- Reutter, Werner (2017). "Der Verfassungsgerichtshof des Landes Berlin". In Reutter, Werner (ed.). Landesverfassungsgerichte: Entwicklung – Aufbau – Funktionen (in German). Wiesbaden: Springer. pp. 77–104. doi:10.1007/978-3-658-16094-4_4. ISBN 978-3-658-16093-7.
- Ringelstein, Ronja; Beikler, Sabine; Kiesel, Robert; Keilani, Fatina (31 October 2019). "Linke fällt durch: Eklat bei Richterwahl für Berliner Verfassungsgericht". Der Tagesspiegel (in German). ISSN 1865-2263. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
- Wehner, Markus (16 November 2022). "'So durfte die Wahlleitung nicht rechnen'". Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (in German). Retrieved 29 January 2023.
Further reading
edit- Sodan, Helge, ed. (2002). Zehn Jahre Berliner Verfassungsgerichtsbarkeit. Ansprachen anläßlich des Festaktes am 24. Mai 2002 (in German). Cologne: Heymanns. ISBN 3-452-25399-6.
- Wille, Sebastian (1993). Der Berliner Verfassungsgerichtshof (in German). Berlin: Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag. ISBN 3-87061-424-2.