Confluens is a genus of caddisflies belonging to the family Oeconesidae.[1] The genus was described by Keith Arthur John Wise in 1962, after noticing differences in two species previously placed within the genus Pycnocentrodes.[2] Both species of Confluens are endemic to New Zealand.
| Confluens | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Trichoptera |
| Family: | Conoesucidae |
| Genus: | Confluens Wise, 1962 |
| Species[1] | |
Taxonomy
editKeith Arthur John Wise originally described the genus in 1962, naming Confluens hamiltoni as the type species.[2] Both of the species he placed within the genus, C. hamiltoni and C. olingoides, had been identified in 1924 by Robert John Tillyard as species within the genus Pycnocentrodes.[3][2]
Phylogenetic analysis indicates that Confluens forms a clade with the genera Alloecentrella, Beraeoptera, Olinga, Pycnocentria and Pycnocentrodes.[4]
Description
editWise's original text (the type description) reads as follows:
Ocelli absent; ♂ frons with a small hole on each side. Maxillary palpi, ♂, membranous, apparently two-jointed with transverse suture, as in Pycnocentrodes, but appearing as one in internal view; no brush of hairs from base. Wings, ♂ (fig. 1); anterior with a callosity at base, discoidal cell exceedingly narrow and long but abnormal apically, R2+3 and R4+5 rejoin to form a single stem from which apical forks 1 and 2 both arise, apical forks 1, 2, 3 and 5 present; posterior with R2+3 missing or only apical remnant present (as figured), discoidal cell open above, discoidal cross-vein and apical forks 1, 2 and 5 present. Wings, ♀, anterior as Pycnocentrodes, discoidal cell normal, apical forks 1, 2, 3 and 5 present ; posterior as Pycnocentria, short discoidal cell present. Spurs 2. 2. 4.[2]
Wise notes that the fusion of R2+3 and R4+5 is a distinguishing feature of this genus.[2]
Distribution
editThe genus is found in New Zealand.[1]
Species
edit- Confluens hamiltoni (Tillyard, 1924)
- Confluens olingoides (Tillyard, 1924)
References
edit- ^ a b c "Confluens". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 14 August 2024.
- ^ a b c d e Wise, K. A. J. (1962). "A New Genus and Three New Species of Trichoptera". Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum. 5: 247–250. ISSN 0067-0464. JSTOR 42906103. OCLC 9986633868. Wikidata Q58676784.
- ^ Tillyard, R.J. (1924). "Studies of New Zealand Trichoptera or caddis-flies: No. 2, Descriptions of new genera and species". Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 55: 285–314. ISSN 1176-6158. Wikidata Q128891827.
- ^ Hogg, Ian D; Smith, Brian J; Banks, Jonathan C; Dewaard, Jeremy R; Hebert, Paul DN (2009). "Testing use of mitochondrial COI sequences for the identification and phylogenetic analysis of New Zealand caddisflies (Trichoptera)". New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. 43 (5): 1137–1146. Bibcode:2009NZJMF..43.1137H. doi:10.1080/00288330.2009.9626536. hdl:10289/3545. ISSN 0028-8330.