The Common Desktop Environment (CDE) is a desktop environment for Unix and OpenVMS, based on the Motif widget toolkit. It was part of the UNIX 98 Workstation Product Standard,[3] and was for a long time the Unix desktop associated with commercial Unix workstations. It helped to influence early implementations of successor projects such as KDE and GNOME, which largely replaced CDE following the turn of the century.
 | |
 CDE desktop and Application Builder, a GUI development tool | |
| Original author(s) | The Open Group |
|---|---|
| Developer(s) | CDE Project (modern) |
| Initial release | June 1993 |
| Stable release | 2.5.2[1]
/ November 18, 2023 |
| Repository | |
| Written in | C, C++ |
| Operating system | Unix, Unix-like, OpenVMS |
| Size | 54.9 MB (source code)[2] |
| Available in | English, Chinese, French, German, Greek, Japanese, Italian, Korean, Spanish, Swedish |
| Type | Desktop environment |
| License | 2012: LGPL-2.0-or-later Original: Proprietary |
| Website | sourceforge |
After a long history as proprietary software, CDE was released as free software on August 6, 2012, under the GNU Lesser General Public License, version 2.0 or later.[4] Since its release as free software, CDE has been ported to Linux and BSD derivatives.
History
editHewlett-Packard, IBM, SunSoft, and USL announced CDE in June 1993 as a joint development within the Common Open Software Environment (COSE) initiative. Each development group contributed its own technology to CDE:[5]
- HP contributed the primary environment for CDE, which was based on HP's Visual User Environment (VUE). HP VUE was itself derived from the Motif Window Manager.
- IBM contributed its Common User Access model from OS/2's Workplace Shell.
- Sun contributed its ToolTalk application interaction framework and a port of its DeskSet productivity tools, including mail and calendar clients, from its OpenWindows environment.
- USL provided desktop manager components and scalable systems technologies from UNIX System V.
After its release, HP endorsed CDE as the new standard desktop for Unix, and provided documentation and software for migrating HP VUE customizations to CDE.[6]
In March 1994 CDE became the responsibility of the "new OSF", a merger of the Open Software Foundation and Unix International;[7] in September 1995, the merger of Motif and CDE into a single project, CDE/Motif, was announced.[8] OSF became part of the newly formed Open Group in 1996.[9]
In February 1997, the Open Group released their last major version of CDE, version 2.1.[10]
Red Hat Linux was the only Linux distribution that proprietary CDE was ported to. In 1997, Red Hat began offering a version of CDE licensed from TriTeal Corporation. In 1998, Xi Graphics, a company specializing in the X Windowing System, offered a version of CDE bundled with Red Hat Linux, called Xi Graphics maXimum cde/OS. These were phased out, and Red Hat moved to the GNOME desktop.
Until about 2000, users of Unix desktops regarded CDE as the de facto standard, but at that time, other desktop environments such as GNOME and K Desktop Environment 2 were quickly becoming mature, and became widespread on Linux systems.
In 2001, Sun Microsystems announced that they would phase out CDE as the standard desktop environment in Solaris in favor of GNOME. Solaris 10, released in early 2005, includes both CDE and the GNOME-based Java Desktop System. The OpenSolaris project, begun around the same time, did not include CDE, and had no intent to make Solaris CDE available as open-source.[11] The original release of Solaris 11 in November 2011 only contained GNOME as standard desktop, though some CDE libraries, such as Motif and ToolTalk, remained for binary compatibility but Oracle Solaris 11.4, released in August 2018, removed support for the CDE runtime environment and background services.[12]
Systems that provided proprietary CDE
edit- IBM AIX
- Digital UNIX
- HP-UX: from version 10.10, released in 1996.[13]
- IRIX: for a short time CDE was an alternative to IRIX Interactive Desktop.[14]
- OpenVMS: available in OpenVMS Alpha V7.1 and onwards,[15] referred to as the "DECWindows Motif New Desktop"[16]
- Solaris: available starting with 2.3, standard in 2.6 to 10.
- Tru64 UNIX
- UnixWare
- UXP/DS
- Red Hat Linux: Two versions ported by Triteal[17] and Xi Graphics[18]
License history
editFrom its launch until 2012, CDE was proprietary software.
Motif, the toolkit on which CDE is built, was released by The Open Group in 2000 as "Open Motif," under a "revenue sharing" license. That license did not meet either the open source or free software definitions. The Open Group had wished to make Motif open source, but did not succeed doing so at that time.[19]
Release under the GNU LGPL
editIn 2006, a petition was created asking The Open Group to release the source code for CDE and Motif under a free license.[20] On August 6, 2012, CDE was released under the LGPL-2.0-or-later license.[4][21] The CDE source code was then released to SourceForge.
The free software project OpenCDE had been started in 2010 to reproduce the look and feel, organization, and feature set of CDE.[22] In August 2012, when CDE was released as free software, OpenCDE was officially deprecated in favor of CDE.[23]
On October 23, 2012, the Motif widget toolkit was also released under the LGPL-2.1-or-later license.[24] This allowed CDE to become a completely free and open source desktop environment.
Shortly after CDE was released as free software, a Linux live CD was created based on Debian 6 with CDE 2.2.0c pre-installed, called CDEbian.[25] The live CD has since been discontinued.
The Debian-based Linux distribution SparkyLinux[26] offers binary packages of CDE that can be installed with APT. As of March 2023, CDE is also included in the NuTyX GNU/Linux distribution which offers an ISO download image with it,[27] in FreeBSD[28] and in source form in pkgsrc[29] which is the default package manager of NetBSD.
Development under CDE project
editIn March 2014, the first stable release of CDE, version 2.2.1, was made since its release as free software.[30]
Beginning with version 2.2.2, released in July 2014, CDE is able to compile under FreeBSD 10 with the default Clang compiler.[31]
Since version 2.3.0, released in July 2018, CDE uses TIRPC on Linux, so that the portmapper rpcbind does not need to be run in insecure mode. It does not use Xprint anymore, and can be compiled on the BSDs without installing first a custom version of Motif. Multihead display support with Xinerama has been improved.
Since its release as free software, CDE has been ported to:[32]
- Linux distributions including:
- FreeBSD
- NetBSD
- OpenBSD
- OpenIndiana
- Solaris 11 (x86-64)
Future project goals of the CDE project include:
- Increased portability to more Linux, BSD, and Unix platforms.
- Further internationalization into other languages.
Gallery
edit-
CDE File manager -
Reading Linux kernel man pages in CDE -
-
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ "CDE - Common Desktop Environment / Code / [ca84b1] /Cde/HISTORY".
- ^ "CDE - Common Desktop Environment - Browse _src at SourceForge.net". Archived from the original on November 18, 2021. Retrieved November 18, 2021.
- ^ "Testing requirements by Product Standard". The Open Group. January 31, 2013. Archived from the original on September 28, 2013. Retrieved September 29, 2013.
- ^ a b Thom Holwerda. "CDE released as open source". OSNews. Archived from the original on August 8, 2012. Retrieved August 6, 2012.
- ^ "UNIX Leaders Complete First Release of Specification for Common Open Software Environment Desktop" (Press release). Hewlett-Packard, IBM Corporation, SunSoft, Inc., UNIX System Laboratories, X/Open Company Ltd. June 30, 1993. Archived from the original on February 7, 2012. Retrieved August 19, 2014.
- ^ Joy, Molly (August 1996). "Migrating HP VUE Desktop Customizations to CDE" (PDF). Hewlett-Packard Journal. 47 (2): 29–37. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 21, 2014. Retrieved August 19, 2014.
- ^ "Leading Vendors Unify to Accelerate Open Systems" (Press release). AT&T Global Information Systems, Digital Equipment Corporation, Hewlett-Packard Company, IBM Corporation, SunSoft Incorporated, et al. March 23, 1994. Archived from the original on March 13, 2007. Retrieved May 15, 2008.
- ^ "OSF Announces Formal Launch of CDE/Motif Project" (Press release). Open Software Foundation. September 7, 1995. Archived from the original on February 18, 2012. Retrieved May 15, 2008.
- ^ "X/Open and OSF Join to Create The Open Group" (Press release). X/Open Company Ltd. Open Software Foundation. February 14, 1996. Archived from the original on July 24, 2008. Retrieved May 16, 2008.
- ^ TOG Press Release: The Open Group Announces Common Desktop Environment 2.1 Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Consolidations". OpenSolaris Web site. October 26, 2009. Archived from the original on July 29, 2012. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
- ^ "End of Features (EOF) for Oracle Solaris 11.4". Oracle Technology Network. Archived from the original on November 24, 2018. Retrieved November 23, 2018.
- ^ "HP-UX, FAQ: What is the release history of HP-UX?". unixguide.net. Archived from the original on March 21, 2012. Retrieved February 8, 2012.
- ^ "IRIX 6.5 Release Notes for CDE". Archived from the original on January 19, 2016. Retrieved July 7, 2019.
- ^ "(Open)VMS(/ VAX), Version overview". Archived from the original on October 22, 2020. Retrieved October 20, 2020.
- ^ "Getting Started With the New Desktop". Archived from the original on December 4, 2020. Retrieved October 20, 2020.
- ^ "It's Here! Red Hat's TriTeal CDE, Full-Featured Unix Desktop For Linux". EE Times. Archived from the original on May 25, 2018. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
- ^ "DeXtop(TM) CDE Makes Big Splash in Linux Industry; Xi Graphics Inc. Releases Standardized GUI for Linux". PRNewswire. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
- ^ "Open Motif Frequently Asked Questions". The Open Group. July 13, 2004. Archived from the original on January 30, 2012. Retrieved November 30, 2007.
- ^ Peter Howkins. "Petition to Open Source CDE and Motif". Archived from the original on January 10, 2008. Retrieved November 30, 2007.
- ^ Dave Lounsbury (September 27, 2012). "How the Operating System Got Graphical". The Open Group. Archived from the original on November 27, 2012. Retrieved September 27, 2012.
- ^ kpedersen. "OpenCDE". Archived from the original on September 9, 2014. Retrieved February 14, 2011.
- ^ woomia (August 6, 2012). "CDE Open Sourced!". OpenCDE Forums. Archived from the original on November 24, 2012.
With this, OpenCDE is officially deprecated. Feel free to make a fork of it if you wish.
- ^ "ICS MotifZone". October 2012. Archived from the original on October 5, 2012. Retrieved November 2, 2017.
- ^ "VecchiomagoPuntoNet: CDEbian 0.7". January 31, 2013. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved January 6, 2016.
- ^ "SparkyLinux: CDE – Common Desktop Environment". September 5, 2016. Archived from the original on July 14, 2018. Retrieved July 14, 2018.
- ^ "NuTyX GNU/Linux Downloads". NuTyX GNU/Linux. Archived from the original on March 1, 2023. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
- ^ "FreshPorts -- x11/cde: Common Desktop Environment". FreshPorts. Archived from the original on December 4, 2022. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
- ^ "pkgsrc.se The NetBSD package collection". pkgsrc.se. Archived from the original on March 2, 2023. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
- ^ Trulson, Jon (March 1, 2014). "CDE 2.2.1 released" (Mailing list). cdesktopenv-devel. Archived from the original on March 5, 2014. Retrieved March 5, 2014.
- ^ Trulson, Jon (July 27, 2014). "CDE 2.2.2 released" (Mailing list). cdesktopenv-devel. Archived from the original on August 1, 2014. Retrieved July 27, 2014.
- ^ "Common Desktop Environment: Wiki". Archived from the original on December 16, 2014. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
- ^ "Red Hat package". Archived from the original on November 6, 2018. Retrieved April 1, 2018.
- ^ "Common Desktop Environment - ArchWiki". wiki.archlinux.org. Retrieved November 27, 2024.
External links
edit
- Official website
- Open Group – CDE
- NsCDE on GitHub Modern and functional CDE desktop based on FVWM.