Columbia-Southern Chemical Corporation was a subsidiary of Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company.[1][2] It produced heavy industrial chemicals for industry and agriculture, including:[3] anhydrous ammonia, caustic soda, chlorine, titanium tetrachloride, and soda ash.[4]
| Owner | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company |
|---|
History
editDuring the Second World War, Columbia-Southern produced a line of 200 polymers.[5] CR-39 (CR for "Columbia Resins" and 39 denoting it as the 39th polymer) had qualities suitable for plastic lenses, making it the most noteworthy of the polymers.[6] CR-39 is commonly used in the manufacturing of plastic eyeglass lenses.
Ammonia was in short supply after the end of World War II; Columbia-Southern was expected to begin producing the chemical in late 1954.[7] Around that same time, the company had a grant program, which gave money to many universities to test new agricultural chemicals on an array of crops under varied conditions.[8]
It has been claimed that Columbia-Southern lost over $845,000 due to unpaid invoices and seizure of property because of Fidel Castro's government nationalization in Cuba.[9]
Locations
editChemical plant locations included Barberton, Ohio, Bartlett, California, Corpus Christi, Texas, Jersey City, New Jersey, Lake Charles, Louisiana, and New Martinsville, West Virginia in the United States, along with Beauharnois, Quebec in Canada.[4]
References
edit- ^ Collected Reprints of McBee's Annual Reviews of Halogenation, 1948–1958: Reprinted from Industrial and Engineering Chemistry for Columbia-Southern Chemical Corporation. 1950. p. 2082.
- ^ Gribbin, John H.; Krogfus, Sue Singer (1960). Industrial Research Laboratories of the United States (11 ed.). Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences—National Research Council. p. 117 #884–891, p. 374 #2984. LCCN 21-26022.
- ^ "Progress at Pittsburgh Plate – In CHemical Operations". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. January 4, 1956. p. 20. Retrieved January 29, 2016.
- ^ a b "Columbia-Southern Chemical Corporation". The Cornell Daily Sun. Ithaca, New York. February 15, 1960. p. 5. Retrieved January 29, 2016.
- ^ Hempstead, Colin A., ed. (2004). Encyclopedia of 20th-Century Technology. Vol. 2 M-Z. New York and London: Routledge. p. 563, Optometry – Materials. ISBN 1579584640.
- ^ "Plastic – Materials used for Plastic Lenses". Where does the name CR 39 come from?. Carl Zeiss Vision Inc. Retrieved January 28, 2016.
- ^ "Ammonia Unit for Natrium". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. August 12, 1953. p. 19. Retrieved January 29, 2016.
- ^ "Chemical Firm Extends Program". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. May 1, 1952. p. 21. Retrieved January 29, 2016.
- ^ Mauriello, Tracie (November 1, 2015). "Pittsburgh companies part of $7 billion claim against Cuba". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Washington Bureau. Retrieved January 29, 2016.
Further reading
edit- "More than meets the Eye: The stories behind the development of plastic lenses". Brunei, Joseph. PPG Corporation.