Wikipedia

Christ Cathedral (Garden Grove, California)

"Crystal Cathedral" redirects here. For the church organization previously headquartered there, see Shepherd's Grove.

Christ Cathedral (Latin: Cathedralis Christi; Spanish: Catedral de Cristo; Vietnamese: Nhà Thờ Chính Tòa Chúa Kitô), formerly and informally known as the Crystal Cathedral, is an American church building and the cathedral of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Orange, located in Garden Grove, California. The reflective glass building, by the firm of Philip Johnson/John Burgee Architects, seats 2,248 people.[1][2] The church was touted as "the largest glass building in the world" when it was completed in 1981.[3] The building has one of the largest musical instruments in the world, the Hazel Wright Organ.[4][5]

Christ Cathedral
Crystal Cathedral
Cathedral in 2018
Map
33°47′15″N 117°53′56″W / 33.787396°N 117.898933°W / 33.787396; -117.898933
CountryUnited States
DenominationCatholic
Previous denominationReformed Church in America (1980–2013)
Websitechristcathedralcalifornia.org
History
Founded1955
Founder(s)Robert H. Schuller
(as Crystal Cathedral)
Dedicated1980 (as Crystal Cathedral)
2019 (as Christ Cathedral)
Consecrated1980 (as Reformed Church in America)
2019 (as Catholic Church)
Architecture
Architect(s)Philip Johnson
John Burgee
StyleModern architecture
Groundbreaking1977
Completed1980
Construction cost$18 million
Administration
DioceseOrange
Clergy
Bishop(s)Most Rev. Kevin Vann
RectorVery Rev. Bảo Quốc Thái

From its opening in 1981 to 2013, the building was the principal place of worship for Crystal Cathedral Ministries (now Shepherd's Grove), a congregation of the Reformed Church in America, founded in 1955 by Robert H. Schuller. The ministry's weekly television program Hour of Power was formerly produced from the building. Crystal Cathedral Ministries filed for bankruptcy in October 2010 and in February 2012 sold the building and its adjacent campus to the Diocese of Orange for use as the diocese's new cathedral. The building, especially the interior, was renovated to accommodate the Catholic liturgy.

Following the completion of construction, the building was consecrated and formally renamed "Christ Cathedral", the seat of the Diocese of Orange,[6][7] on July 17, 2019.[8]

History

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Church interior in 2005
 
Crystal Cathedral at night
 
The church in 2011

Origins and construction

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The Garden Grove Community Church was founded in 1955 by Robert H. Schuller and his wife Arvella.[9] A congregation of the Reformed Church in America, the church first held services in space rented from the Orange Drive-In Theatre.

The congregation moved to the present Christ Cathedral campus in 1961, erecting a building now known as the Arboretum, designed by architect Richard Neutra, as its initial sanctuary. In 1968, the congregation completed the Tower of Hope to provide office and classroom space but continued growth led to the need for a new sanctuary.[citation needed] Schuller commissioned the firm of Philip Johnson/John Burgee Architects to design the sanctuary.

Construction of the Crystal Cathedral began in 1977 and was completed in 1980, built at a cost of $18 million (equivalent to $67 million in 2023) .[10] The signature rectangular panes of glass comprising the building are not bolted to the structure; they are glued to it using a silicone-based glue. This and other measures are intended to allow the building to withstand an earthquake of magnitude 8.0. The building was constructed using over 10,000 rectangular panes of glass.[11]

 
Prayer Spire in 2009

Upon moving from the old Neutra sanctuary to the new Johnson/Burgee sanctuary in 1981, the congregation changed its name to the "Crystal Cathedral" – an alliteration derived from the appearance of the building (though the building was not constructed with crystal glass). The congregation added the Prayer Spire in 1990.[12]

2010 bankruptcy

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Beginning in 2010, creditors of Crystal Cathedral Ministries filed lawsuits to collect money due to them for providing goods, services and broadcasting The Hour of Power weekly TV show. A board member said that the total debt was $55 million.[13][14]

The church's board filed for bankruptcy October 18, 2010, citing $43 million in debt including a $36 million mortgage and $7.5 million in other debt. Church officials said that they had been trying to negotiate payments but after several suits were filed and writs of attachment were granted, the church had to declare bankruptcy.[15]

The church received offers from a real estate investment group and nearby Chapman University.[16]

Purchase by the Diocese of Orange

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On July 7, 2011, the Diocese of Orange, which had previously purchased land and started planning for construction of a new and larger cathedral in Santa Ana because growth of the diocese had rendered Holy Family Cathedral in Orange too small for diocesan functions, announced that it was "potentially interested" in buying the Crystal Cathedral campus for future use as its diocesan cathedral.[17] There were three major factors that motivated the interest of the Diocese of Orange in the property:

  • Its central location within the diocese made it more accessible to parishioners than the Santa Ana site,
  • The cost of renovating the Crystal Cathedral building for Catholic worship would be far less than that of constructing a new building from scratch, and
  • The other buildings on the campus would provide facilities for diocesan administrative offices and ministries with little modification, further reducing the cost of the whole project.

The diocese increased its initial offer of $50 million to $53.6 million, which included a lease-back provision at below market rates for a period of time.[18] On November 17, 2011, a federal judge approved selling the Crystal Cathedral to the Diocese of Orange for $57.5 million (equivalent to $78 million in 2023).[19][20]

Days after the judge's ruling, Italian newspaper La Stampa used a picture of the Crystal Cathedral to illustrate an article reporting on the establishment of a Vatican commission "to put a stop to garage style churches, boldly shaped structures that risk denaturing modern places for Catholic worship".[21][22] The Vatican approved the use of the building two weeks after the judge's ruling.[23]

The sale to the diocese was finalized on February 3, 2012. Under the terms, Crystal Cathedral Ministries was allowed to lease most of the campus including the church for up to three years; the diocese offered Crystal Cathedral Ministries a longer-term lease at nearby St. Callistus Church. The diocese transferred the parish to the Crystal Cathedral campus and renamed it Christ Cathedral Parish.[24][25] The transfer of the cemetery located on the campus was immediate, and the diocese established offices on the campus soon after.[25] Tod Brown, Bishop of Orange at the time, stated that the diocese would hire an architect to renovate the interior of the facility to make it suitable for the Catholic liturgy, but that it did not intend to substantially change the exterior.[26]

On June 9, 2012, the diocese announced that the building would be known as "Christ Cathedral" when it became the diocese's new cathedral,[27] and that Fr. Christopher Smith will be rector and episcopal vicar.[28] The church's new patronal name was designated by the Holy See, while suggestions were also taken from the diocese and its members.[29] In October 2012, the diocese held its first event at the cathedral, the 7th Orange County Catholic Prayer Breakfast. Prayer was held as part of the event, but the diocese did not celebrate Mass in the cathedral building until its solemn dedication after completion of the renovation.[7] In the interim, the former St. Callistus Parish, which had relocated to the campus from its previous campus a couple blocks away and officially assumed the name Christ Cathedral Parish, held its Masses and other liturgies in the building known as The Arboretum—the same building that had served as the sanctuary church for Schuller's congregation before the opening of the new cathedral building in 1981.

Crystal Cathedral Ministries held its final worship service in the Crystal Cathedral building on June 30, 2013.[30] That congregation held its first service at the campus of the former St. Callistus Church, which it renamed Shepherd's Grove, on July 7, 2013. The new location is 12921 Lewis Street at Garden Grove Boulevard, one mile south of the Crystal Cathedral. At the same time, St. Callistus Parish moved to the Crystal Cathedral campus, conducting worship in the Arboretum until the completion of the renovations to the cathedral building.[31] St. Callistus Catholic school moved into the former Crystal Cathedral Academy facility, changing its name to Christ Cathedral Academy, in September 2013.[32]

Renovation and rededication

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Interior of the Christ Cathedral in 2019 following its dedication

On September 24, 2014, the diocese unveiled plans to remodel the Crystal Cathedral building, aiming to preserve the structure's architectural qualities, while extensively remodeling the interior to make it more suitable for the altar-centric Catholic liturgy.[33] The project was overseen by Los Angeles-based design firm Johnson Fain,[33] with William J. Woeger of the teaching congregation De La Salle Brothers serving as principal liturgical consultant.[34]

The cathedral's glass walls were deemed problematic, as they contributed to heat and glare;[35] the diocese's vice president of philanthropy Tony Jennison explained that "you could see people fanning themselves and even wearing sunglasses on Hour of Power". It also hampered the ability to illuminate the interior at night, as well as its acoustics. The glass walls were lined with angled quatrefoils, which serve to reduce the amount of heat and outside light that enters the building, and improve its acoustics. Lights are also installed on the quatrefoils; at night, they give the building a shimmering effect described as a "box of stars".[33][36]

Crape myrtle trees were planted along the route from the parking lot to the plazas, symbolizing the "beginning" of holiness in progression to the altar. The Hazel Wright Organ was disassembled and shipped back to Italy for an extensive restoration; it was also painted white so that it would not distract from the altar.[37][6][38] To reflect the diversity of the Catholic community in the region, the reliquary of its altar conceals donated first-class relics connected to saints of American, Korean, Mexican and Vietnamese descent, including the Canadian Martyrs, Andrew Dũng-Lạc, Junípero Serra, Andrew Kim Taegon, and Rafael Guízar y Valencia.[39] Other improvements made included the installation of air conditioning at the Arboretum, and seismic retrofitting.[36][35]

From the proceeds of a "For Christ Forever" fundraising campaign held in 2012, the diocese allocated $59 million towards the cost of renovating the cathedral. In 2014, an anonymous benefactor contributed $20 million in additional funding. However, it was later found that the estimates were reached without "serious study or professional recommendations"; in July 2016, it was estimated that the total cost of the renovations, as originally planned, would actually be $108 million. The diocese established a task force to reduce the cost of the project to $72 million, which was accomplished by using a marble veneer altar instead of solid marble, using a lower-cost source of stone of an equivalent quality rather than importing it from Italy, and planning to "keep the bones of the building intact".[40][41]

On May 25, 2017, the diocese signed general contractor Snyder Langston for the renovation, with construction slated to begin on June 1, 2017, and expected to be completed by late-2018.[42] On June 29, 2018, the Bishop of Orange, Kevin Vann, proclaimed a "holy year of preparation" ahead of the solemn dedication.[43] On October 13, 2018, the quatrefoils were blessed and officially illuminated for the first time.[36] The formal dedication Mass was held on July 17, 2019;[44][45][46] at that time, Vann solemnly dedicated the former Crystal Cathedral building as Christ Cathedral and the building canonically assumed that name.[47][48][6] A formal celebration event and Pacific Symphony concert was held on July 13, 2019, ahead of the dedication Mass.[49]

The shrine of Our Lady of La Vang was installed on the grounds in 2021. The 12-foot-tall (3.7 m) statue of the Virgin Mary is capped by a spiraling canopy.[50] The St. Callistus Chapel and Crypts were completed in October 2024. A dedication Mass was held by Bishop Vann on October 14, 2024, with the diocese officially considering the Christ Cathedral project to now be completed.[51][52]

Organ

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The church's Hazel Wright Organ is the fifth largest pipe organ in the world, with 273 ranks and five manuals.[5] Constructed by Fratelli Ruffatti based on specifications by Virgil Fox and expanded by Frederick Swann, the instrument incorporates the large Aeolian-Skinner pipe organ built in 1962 for New York's Philharmonic Hall (now David Geffen Hall), and the Ruffatti organ which had been installed in the church's previous sanctuary. Swann was organist at the Crystal Cathedral from 1982 to 1998. Following the Crystal Cathedral's final Hour of Power in June 2013, the organ was dismantled for a $2 million refurbishing led by Ruffatti.[53][6][31] Re-installation of the renovated organ was completed in early 2020. Re-voicing was put on hiatus due to the COVID-19 pandemic and resumed at the end of 2021 and the organ's restoration was completed on February 7, 2022. The organ is now regularly used during weekend Masses. A re-dedication concert featuring Hector Olivera was held September 30, 2022.[54]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Rojas, Rick (November 26, 2013). "Catholic Renovation of Crystal Cathedral to Begin". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  2. ^ "Cathedral Transformation FAQs". Archived from the original on March 25, 2019. Retrieved July 29, 2019.
  3. ^ Ferrell, David (April 6, 2015). "Crystal Cathedral founder Robert Schuller achieved his vision, but couldn't sustain it". Orange County Register.
  4. ^ Epstein, Benjamin (May 15, 1996). "Crystal Clear Devotion: Cathedral's Organist Will Be Happy to Solo With Four Seasons Symphony on Home Turf". Los Angeles Times.
  5. ^ a b "The Top 20 – The World's Largest Pipe Organs". Sacred Classics. Archived from the original on October 13, 2018. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  6. ^ a b c d Esquivel, Paloma (September 24, 2014). "Diocese of Orange unveils planned alterations for former Crystal Cathedral". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 25, 2014.
  7. ^ a b Kopetman, Roxana (October 11, 2012). "Catholics stage first event at Crystal Cathedral". Orange County Register. Retrieved September 9, 2018.
  8. ^ Kandil, Caitlin Yoshiko (July 18, 2019). "Crystal Cathedral is reborn as Christ Cathedral, the center of O.C. Catholicism". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 18, 2019.
  9. ^ Taxin, Amy (October 18, 2010). "Crystal Cathedral Bankruptcy: Megachurch Files For Chapter 11". Huffington Post. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  10. ^ Lindsey, Robert (May 15, 1980). "Opening of Glass Cathedral Is a Feast for Eyes and Ears" (PDF). The New York Times. p. A20. Retrieved March 5, 2010.
  11. ^ "Garden Grove Church". GreatBuildings.com. 1979. Retrieved April 1, 2015.
  12. ^ Smith, Lynn (September 18, 1990). "Garden Grove : Architects Praise Spire at Cathedral". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 1, 2015.
  13. ^ "Crystal Cathedral Owes $7.5M To Small Business Owners". KCBS-TV News. October 16, 2010. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  14. ^ Bharath, Deepa (May 15, 2014). "Crystal Cathedral, creditors at $7.5 million impasse". The Orange County Register. Retrieved November 18, 2011.
  15. ^ Cathcart, Rebecca (October 18, 2010). "California's Crystal Cathedral Files for Bankruptcy". The New York Times. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  16. ^ Bharath, Deepa (May 26, 2011). "Crystal Cathedral to be sold to pay millions in debt". The Orange County Register. Retrieved May 27, 2011.
  17. ^ Medlin, Marianne (July 8, 2011). "Southern California diocese considers buying Crystal Cathedral". Catholic News Agency. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  18. ^ "Orange diocese increases bid for Crystal Cathedral". National Catholic Reporter. Catholic News Agency. August 15, 2011. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  19. ^ Taxin, Amy (November 17, 2011). "Crystal Cathedral to be sold to Catholic diocese". The Seattle Times. Associated Press. Archived from the original on December 4, 2013. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  20. ^ Taxin, Amy (November 17, 2011). "Judge approves Crystal Cathedral sale to diocese". San Diego Union Tribune. Archived from the original on June 14, 2018. Retrieved June 14, 2018.
  21. ^ Tornielli, Andrea (November 21, 2011). "New Vatican commission cracks down on church architecture". La Stampa. Archived from the original on May 2, 2012. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  22. ^ "Cement cubes, glass boxes, crazy shapes". California Catholic Daily. November 22, 2011. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  23. ^ Gibson, David (January 6, 2012). "Some see Crystal Cathedral's purchase by Catholic diocese as calculated risk". Baptist Standard. Religion News Service. Archived from the original on August 7, 2016. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  24. ^ Campbell, Ronald (February 4, 2012). "Crystal Cathedral is sold". The Orange County Register. p. Local 1. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  25. ^ a b "Diocese of Orange Formally Acquires Crystal Cathedral and Adjacent Campus". Diocese of Orange. February 3, 2012. Archived from the original on February 4, 2012.
  26. ^ Medlin, Marianne (November 30, 2011). "A true miracle!". California Catholic Daily. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  27. ^ Palmer, Melissa (June 9, 2012). "Landmark Crystal Cathedral gets a new name – Christ Cathedral". NBC News. Archived from the original on June 15, 2012. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  28. ^ "Catholic Diocese of Orange Announces Cathedral Name" (Press release). Diocese of Orange. June 9, 2012. Archived from the original on December 17, 2013. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  29. ^ Cruz, Nicole Santa (February 3, 2012). "Diocese of Orange officially takes over Crystal Cathedral". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 15, 2014.[dead link‍]
  30. ^ Rokhy, Ron (June 30, 2014). "Crystal Cathedral Holds Last Service Before Relocating". NBC Los Angeles. NBCUnviersal Media, LLC. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  31. ^ a b Baharath, Deepa (May 19, 2017). "Diocese picks contractor for Christ Cathedral's $72 million reconstruction project". Orange County Register. Retrieved June 1, 2017.
  32. ^ Morino, Douglas (September 9, 2013). "Catholic schoolchildren move into former Crystal Cathedral". Orange County Register. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  33. ^ a b c Hawthorne, Christopher (November 17, 2016). "The Crystal Cathedral redesign: Why tasteful updates add up to architectural disappointment". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
  34. ^ Holman, Jim (January 24, 2013). "Liturgical consultant hired for Orange County's Christ Cathedral". California Catholic Daily. Retrieved November 20, 2024.
  35. ^ a b Paletta, Anthony (September 4, 2019). "The Rebirth of the OC's Crystal Cathedral". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved April 13, 2024.
  36. ^ a b c Goulding, Susan Christian (October 14, 2018). "For Christ Cathedral, heat-deflecting quatrefoils prove to be a blessing". Orange County Register. Retrieved April 13, 2024.
  37. ^ "Christ Cathedral organ getting dismantled for Italy trip". Orange County Register. January 31, 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2018.
  38. ^ Haire, Chris (September 25, 2014). "Redesigned Christ Cathedral: 'You'll be able to see it from a long, long way'". Orange County Register. Retrieved March 28, 2016.
  39. ^ "Holy relics gifted to Christ Cathedral". occatholic.com. Retrieved July 8, 2019.
  40. ^ "Changing course: Diocese works to trim price tag of renovating iconic Christ Cathedral". Orange County Register. April 23, 2016. Retrieved January 17, 2018.
  41. ^ "Christ Cathedral Receives $20M From Anonymous Donor; Catholic Diocese to Renovate Former Crystal Cathedral". Christian Post. December 5, 2014. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
  42. ^ Luppi, Kathleen (May 25, 2017). "Bishop of Orange signs construction contract for renovation of Christ Cathedral". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 8, 2019.
  43. ^ Gryboski, Michael (July 3, 2018). "Former Crystal Cathedral Begins 'Holy Year of Preparation' for Grand Opening as Catholic Church". Christian Post. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
  44. ^ "Its remodel underway, Christ Cathedral will look the same — except inside". Orange County Register. June 29, 2018. Retrieved July 8, 2019.
  45. ^ Luppi, Kathleen (May 17, 2018). "Christ Cathedral construction crews celebrate 100,000 accident-free work hours". Los Angeles times. Retrieved January 1, 2019.
  46. ^ "'Nhà Thờ Chính Tòa Chúa Kitô phản ảnh đức tin và lòng sùng kính'". Nguoi Viet Daily News (in Vietnamese). July 17, 2019. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
  47. ^ "Christ Cathedral acquires its first Holy Relic — the bone of a Vietnamese saint". Orange County Register. December 14, 2018. Retrieved January 1, 2019.
  48. ^ Do, Anh (June 29, 2013). "St. Callistus Catholic Church moves to Crystal Cathedral site". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  49. ^ "Pacific Symphony starts July with a bang". Orange County Register. July 2, 2019. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
  50. ^ Do, Anh (July 15, 2021). "New Lady of La Vang statue expected to attract faithful from around the Vietnamese diaspora". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 16, 2021.
  51. ^ "From Crystal Cathedral to Christ Cathedral: Major Renovation Completed After 12 Years". NCR. October 16, 2024. Retrieved November 20, 2024.
  52. ^ "Christ Cathedral opens St. Callistus Chapel and Crypts, and with that its remodel is complete". Orange County Register. October 14, 2024. Retrieved November 20, 2024.
  53. ^ Berg, Tom (May 17, 2013). "How will church fix Cathedral's organ?". Orange County Register. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  54. ^ "A Year of Hazel - Events & Tickets".
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