Cho In-gyu (Korean: 조인규; Hanja: 趙仁規; 1237 – May 15, 1308[a]) was a Goryeo civil official. Originally an interpreter for the Goryeo crown prince, his success in helping arrange a marriage between the prince and Kublai Khan's daughter propelled Cho's rise in Goryeo officialdom. He would eventually become the chancellor of Goryeo by 1292 and marry his daughter to the crown prince, the future King Chungnyeol.
| Cho In-gyu | |
| Hangul | 조인규 |
|---|---|
| Hanja | 趙仁規 |
| Revised Romanization | Jo Ingyu |
| McCune–Reischauer | Cho Ingyu |
| Courtesy name | |
| Hangul | 거진 |
| Hanja | 去塵 |
| Revised Romanization | Geojin |
| McCune–Reischauer | Kŏjin |
| Posthumous name | |
| Hangul | 정숙 |
| Hanja | 貞肅 |
| Revised Romanization | Jeongsuk |
| McCune–Reischauer | Chŏngsuk |
Biography
editCho In-gyu was born in 1237 in Sangwŏn (상원; 祥原; modern-day Chunghwa County, North Korea[1]) as the son of Cho Yŏng (조영; 趙瑩) of the Pyongyang Cho clan.[2] Cho's family was thought to be that of originally of commoner status. Cho In-gyu learned the Mongol language, due to Sangwŏn's close proximity to the Mongol-Goryeo border during Mongol invasions of Korea.[3] Cho's courtesy name was Kŏjin, and his posthumous name was Chŏngsuk.[2]
In 1269, due to Cho's proficiency in the Mongol language, Cho was selected to be the interpreter for Crown Prince Sim (the future King Chungnyeol) during his visit to the Yuan capital of Khanbaliq. As an interpreter, Cho was able to cultivate a relationship with not just the crown prince, but the prince's Mongol in-laws, his wife Princess Jeguk and his father-in-law, Emperor Kublai Khan. Due to his close ties to the royal families of Goryeo and the Yuan, Cho was able to quickly rise through the ranks of Goryeo officialdom. He first was given the rank of senior colonel (중랑장; 中郎將; chungnangjang), for his services in helping arrange the marriage between the heir of Goryeo and Kublai's daughter.[4] He would obtain the offices of lieutenant general, royal secretary, deputy commissioner of the royal secretariat, and 1292, reach the top post of chancellor.[3]
In 1292, Cho would also arrange another marriage, this time between his own daughter, Royal Consort Cho, and the crown prince, Wang Chang (the future King Chungseon). In 1298, King Chungseon's Mongol wife, Princess Gyeguk, noticed that that King Chungseon loved his other wife, Royal Consort Cho, more than her. She sent messages to the Yuan court, accusing her rival of having placed a curse on her causing the king to not love her. The Yuan arrested both Royal Consort Cho, as her family, including her father, Cho In-gyu. King Chungseon was deposed as king and his father, King Chungnyeol was re-instated as the king.[5] When King Chungseon began his second reign as king in 1308, Cho's clan, the Pyongyang Cho clan, was listed as one of the fifteen great ministerial families (재상지종; 宰相之種; chaesang chi chong), eligible for marriage with the royal House of Wang.[3][6]
Cho was exiled to Anxi and would be released from exile six years later in 1306. After his return, in 1307, he was enfeoffed as the Lord of Pyongyang (평양군; 平壤君).[2] Cho died on May 15, 1308.[7]
Notes
edit- ^ In the Korean calendar (lunisolar), he died on the 25th day of the 4th Lunar month of the 34th year of Chungnyeol's reign (1208).
References
edit- ^ 상원 (祥原). Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
- ^ a b c 정, 학수. 조인규 (趙仁規). Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
- ^ a b c Ahn, Juhn (June 2010). "Like The Merit of Not Making Merit: Buddhism and the Late Koryǒ Fiscal Crisis". Seoul Journal of Korean Studies. 23 (1): 23–50. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
- ^ Ahn, Juhn Y. (15 June 2018). Buddhas and Ancestors: Religion and Wealth in Fourteenth-Century Korea. University of Washington Press. pp. 61–62. ISBN 978-0-295-74340-0.
- ^ Zhao, George Qingzhi (2001). ""One-way Marriage": Royal Marriages between the Mongol Yuan and Koryŏ (Korea)". Marriage as Political Strategy and Cultural Expression: Mongolian Royal Marriages from World Empire to Yuan Dynasty (PDF) (PhD thesis). University of Toronto. Retrieved 8 July 2024.
- ^ Duncan, John (1988). "The Social Background to the Founding of the Chosŏn Dynasty: Change or Continuity?". The Journal of Korean Studies. 6 (1): 39–79. doi:10.1353/jks.1988.0007.
- ^ 충렬왕(忠烈王) 34년 4월. Goryeosa. National Institute of Korean History. Retrieved 8 July 2024.