Wikipedia

China Railways SY

China Railways SY is a (Chinese: 上有; pinyin: Shàng Yóu; lit. 'Aim High') 2-8-2 Mikado locomotive operated by the China Railway. It was built mostly by Tangshan Locomotive and Rolling Stock Works between 1960 and 1999.

SY
上游
SY-1721 idling at the Tangshan Works, December 2005
Type and origin
Power typeSteam
Builder
ModelSY
Build date1960–1999
Total produced1,800+
Specifications
Configuration:
​
 • Whyte2-8-2
 • UIC1’D1’
Gauge4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
Leading dia.840 mm (33 in; 2.76 ft)
Driver dia.1,370 mm (54 in; 4.49 ft)
Trailing dia.1,000 mm (39 in; 3.3 ft)
Wheelbase:​
 • Engine31 ft 4 in (9.55 m)
 • Drivers14 ft 6 in (4.42 m)
Length21,643 mm (852.1 in; 71.007 ft)
Width3,300 mm (130 in; 10.8 ft)
Height4,446 mm (175.0 in; 14.587 ft)
Adhesive weight15 t (33,000 lb; 15,000 kg)
Loco weight84 t (185,000 lb; 84,000 kg)
Tender weight54.5 t (120,000 lb; 54,500 kg)
Tender typeSloped-back
Fuel typeCoal
Fuel capacity9.5 t (21,000 lb; 9,500 kg)
Water cap.25,000 L (6,600 US gal)
Firebox:​
 • Grate area4.57 m2 (49.2 sq ft)
Boiler pressure210 psi (1,400 kPa)
Heating surface161 m2 (1,733.0 sq ft)
Superheater:
​
 • Heating area65.5 m2 (705.0 sq ft)
CylindersTwo
Cylinder size530 mm × 710 mm (21 in × 28 in)
Valve gearWalschaerts
Performance figures
Maximum speed50 mph (80.47 km/h)
Power output1,500 hp (1,100 kW)
Tractive effort20,475 kgf (45,140 lbf; 200.79 kN)
Factor of adh.4.05
Career
Disposition42 preserved
References:[1][2]

History and design

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The SY class was developed by the Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Co., and the primary purpose for the locomotives was usage in industrial services.[3] The basis for the SYs was the JF6 class, which was already a lighter variant of the JF1 class designed by the American Locomotive Company (ALCO), but the SYs would incorporate some newer design features introduced on other locomotives, such as the JS and RM classes.[3][4] The SY features the JF6s lacked included taller smokestacks, different front step and handrail arrangements, different motion bracket arrangements, a higher boiler pressure (210 psi (1,400 kPa), a lower axle loading (15 tonnes (33,000 lb), and all boxpok driving wheels.[3][5]

The new class was originally designated as the GN (Chinese: 工农; pinyin: Gong Nong; lit. 'Workers and Peasants'), but it was quickly changed to SY (Chinese: 上有; pinyin: Shàng Yóu; lit. 'Aim High').[3] The SY designation was possibly influenced by a quote from Chairman Mao (Chinese: 全力以赴、志存高远，在社会主义建设中取得更大、更快、更好、更省的成果。; lit. 'Go all out', 'aim high', 'and achieve greater', 'faster', 'better and more economical results in building socialism.').[3] The prototype SY (SY-0001) was constructed in 1960, by the Tangshan Locomotive and Rolling Stock Works, and thirteen others followed suit that same year.[3]

The first SYs were originally equipped with design features incorporated by the JF series, including the same horizontal cab and tender designs, stepped running boards, and disc leading wheels.[6] In 1961, the Sifang General Repair Works erected two more prototype SYs, both of which were exported to Vietnam, the following year.[7] By 1966, the SY design became finalized with some standardized changes, including a widened cab, and commercial production on the class began.[6] Tangshan would construct over 1,700 SY locomotives, but some would also be built by workshops in Jinan, Tongling, and Changchun.[1]

In service, all of the SYs were assigned to shunt and haul freight trains in numerous industrial areas throughout China, including coal mines, iron ore mines, petroleum fields, chemical plants, power stations, steel mills, and machine factories.[8][9][10] In mining areas with long-distance rail networks, the SYs would also be assigned to haul passenger trains.[3] Sometime during production, the SY class received a new tender tank design with sloped-back sides to improve rearward vision for crews, since SYs often operated in reverse, during industrial service.[11] The first locomotive to receive the new tender design was SY-0877.[11]

In July 1976, SY production was temporarily halted, when an earthquake affected Tangshan’s factory, and production did not resume, until late 1979-early 1980.[7] The final steam locomotive built in China for use on national railways was SY-1772, completed at Tangshan, in October 1999.[12] After the end of commercial steam operations on Chinese main lines in 2005, some SYs still remained in service for some industrial firms, such as the Sandaoling Coal Mine Railway in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region.[13] In April 2022, Sandaoling discontinued their regular steam operations, making them the final railway company in the world to end commercial service for steam locomotives.[13]

Export

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The SY class was also among the few Chinese steam locomotives to be exported to the United States. In 1989 and 1991, three SYs were constructed for tourist railroads in the United States, SY-1647M ('M' Chinese: 美国; pinyin: Měiguǒ; lit. 'America') for the Valley Railroad and SY-1658M for the Knox and Kane Railroad were built in 1989 at a cost of $300,000, with a third being built in 1991 for the New York, Susquehanna and Western Railway.[14][15] This third one was lost at sea during shipment in the Indian Ocean, when the ship it was on sunk, after encountering a major storm.[16][17]

The Susquehanna later purchased SY-1647M from the Valley Railroad, renumbering it as 142. No. 142 ran throughout the NYS&W system until its transfer to the New York Susquehanna & Western Technical & Historical Society in 2003 and now operates on the Belvidere and Delaware River Railway in Phillipsburg, New Jersey. SY1658m was renumbered 58 in the mid to late 1990s. After the main draw of the Knox and Kane Railroad, the Kinzua Bridge collapsed in mid 2003, the 58 was withdrawn from service and moved with other equipment to an engine house in Kane, Pennsylvania. On the morning of 16 March 2008, No. 58 was damaged when the engine house it was stored in was burned by arson. No. 58 was purchased later that year by the Valley Railroad at an auction.[18] Upon purchase, the 58 was renumbered 3025 and was given a complete rebuild which included cosmetic alterations to make it resemble a New Haven 2-8-2.

One was bought by the Korean National Railroad in 1994, numbered 901, and operated for excursion trains. It has been out of service since 2012.

Nos. 1647 and 1658 were 2 of the 6 Chinese steam locomotives to be exported to the United States, the others exported being QJ class Nos. 6988, 7040, 7081 and JS Class 8419.

Preservation

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  • SY-0017: is preserved at Fangzi Coal Mine Heritage Park, Weifang.[19]
  • SY-0024: is preserved at Maanshan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd.[20]
  • SY-0051: is preserved at Hubei Huangshi National Mine Park.
  • SY-0053: is preserved at Maanshan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd.
  • SY-0057: is preserved at Dalian Software Park.
  • SY-0072: is preserved at Lingyuan Iron and Steel Group Corporation.
  • SY-0192: is preserved at the Former Guizhou-Guangxi Railway Bridge, Chengbei New District, Duyun.
  • SY-0194: is preserved at Lanzhou JiaoTong University.
  • SY-0223: is preserved at Changchun Park.
  • SY-0232: is preserved at Yakeshi Railway Station.
  • SY-0309: is preserved at Dashanzi Art District, Beijing.
  • SY-0320: is preserved at Panzhihua Third-line Construction Museum.
  • SY-0359: is preserved at Shanghai Junior College of Tourism
  • SY-0368: is preserved at Gourmet Mansion in Nanjing.
  • SY-0381: is preserved at Discovery Park, Hengyang.[21]
  • SY-0386: is preserved at an unknown location, on static display.[when?]
  • SY-0388: is preserved at Yunnan Railway Museum.
  • SY-0405: is preserved at Liupanshui Third-line Construction Museum.
  • SY-0427: is preserved at Tianjin Haijin Bridge Park.
  • SY-0452: is preserved at Mudanjiang Railway Station.
  • SY-0465: is preserved at Sichuan International Tourism Trade Fair Center.
  • SY-0477: is preserved at Hengdaohezi Locomotive Depot, Mudanjiang.
  • SY-0514: is preserved at Xiaoyutuo Railway Station, Chongqing.
  • SY-0516: is preserved at Jiayang National Mine Park Museum.
  • SY-0590: is preserved at Suifenhe Great Railway House.
  • SY-0590: is preserved at Jiangyue Road No. 1500, Minhang District, Shanghai.
  • SY-0652: is preserved at Dalian Modern Museum.
  • SY-0764: is lying derelict at Zhaogezhuang (赵各庄) Coal Mine sidings (near Tangshan).
  • SY-0862: is preserved at Shanghai Chedun Film Base.
  • SY-0913: is preserved at Guilin, Guangxi.
  • SY-0955: is preserved at Tangshan National Mine Park & China Railway Origin Museum
  • SY-1000: is preserved at Liuzhou Locomotive and Rolling Stock Works.
  • SY-1004: is preserved at Shandong Jiaotong University.
  • SY-1034: is preserved at Lintong Longhai Railway Park (Now renamed SY-1088).
  • SY-1068: is lying derelict at Linxi (林西) Coal Mine sidings。
  • SY-1085: is preserved at China Academy of Railway Sciences.
  • SY-1088: is lying derelict at Linxi (林西) Coal Mine sidings.
  • SY-1096: is preserved at Shenyang Railway Museum.
  • SY-1171: is lying derelict at Linxi (林西) Coal Mine sidings.
  • SY-1356: is preserved at Tangshan National Mine Park & China Railway Origin Museum
  • SY-1504: is preserved at Liuzhou Industrial Museum.[22]
  • SY-1647: is preserved at the Belvedere and Delaware River Railway in the US
  • SY-1658: is preserved at the Connecticut Valley Railroad in the US
  • SY-1670: is preserved at Shanghai Institute of Technology.
  • SY-1680: is lying derelict at Zhaogezhuang (赵各庄) Coal Mine sidings nearTangshan.
  • SY-1700: is lying derelict at Linxi (林西) Coal Mine sidings.
  • SY-1701: is preserved at Hangzhou Baita Park.
  • SY-1702: is preserved at Guilin University of Aerospace Technology.[23]
  • SY-1736: is lying derelict at Zhaogezhuang (赵各庄) Coal Mine sidings nearTangshan.
  • SY-1748: is preserved at Shanghai Youth Square.
  • SY-3016 is preserved by Korail in South Korea.
  •  
    SY-368 on display in front of the restaurant Gourmet Mansion in Nanjing
  •  
    SY-0652 on display at the Dalian Modern Museum
  •  
    SY-1000 on display at Liuzhou Locomotive and Rolling Stock Works
  •  
    SY-1504 on display at Liuzhou Industrial Museum
  •  
    SY-1702 on display at Guilin University of Aerospace Technology
  •  
    SY-1647M (No. 142) operating at Belvidere, New Jersey, in the United States
  •  
    SY-1658M (No. 3025) operating at Essex, Connecticut, in the United States
  •  
    SY-3016 (KNR 901)

See also

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References

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to China Railways SY.
  1. ^ a b Gibbons (2016), p. 70
  2. ^ Gibbons (2016), p. 174
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Gibbons (2016), p. 63
  4. ^ "SY Class 2-8-2s". Railography.
  5. ^ Gibbons (2016), p. 2
  6. ^ a b Gibbons (2016), p. 64
  7. ^ a b Gibbons (2016), p. 69
  8. ^ Gibbons (2016), p. 114
  9. ^ Gibbons (2016), p. 156
  10. ^ Gibbons (2016), p. 159
  11. ^ a b Gibbons (2016), p. 71
  12. ^ Crush, Peter (2013). 关内外铁路：柯睿思著 [Imperial Railways of North China]. Beijing. ISBN 978-7-5166-0564-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  13. ^ a b Kletzer, Ben (July 25, 2022). "Last Gasp for Chinese Steam". Railfan & Railroad. White River Productions. Archived from the original on April 28, 2023. Retrieved October 8, 2024.
  14. ^ Miller (2017), p. 108
  15. ^ "Steam Rides Again! Chinese Engines, U.S. Rails". The New York Times. Dec 25, 1989.
  16. ^ Hudson, Mike; Atkins, Philip (September 2007). "Locos lost at sea. The all-time definitive record". The Railway Magazine. 153 (1277). IPC Media Ltd: 14–19. ISSN 0033-8923.
  17. ^ "The Business Times". Singapore. June 10, 1991. p. 30.
  18. ^ "Steam in China - News". SY-Country.
  19. ^ "蒸汽机车展示". 潍坊坊子炭矿遗址文化园 (in Chinese). April 26, 2016. Archived from the original on June 30, 2016.
  20. ^ "马鞍山两所新建爱国主义教育基地揭牌运行_中国未成年人网". Kids 21 (in Chinese). May 7, 2012.
  21. ^ "愉景新城那列开往温暖的火车". Travel.Sohu.com (in Chinese). November 28, 2015.
  22. ^ Sources:
  23. ^ Sources:

Bibliography

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