Charlotte Sophia Juliana von Kalb (25 July 1761 – 12 May 1843) was a German writer who associated with poets Friedrich Schiller, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Friedrich Hölderlin and Jean Paul.
Charlotte von Kalb | |
|---|---|
 Charlotte von Kalb by Johann Friedrich August Tischbein | |
| Born | 25 July 1761 Saal an der Saale, Electorate of Bavaria |
| Died | 12 May 1843 (aged 81) Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia |
| Spouse | Heinrich Julius Alexander von Kalb |
Life
editCharlotte Sophia Juliana, Baroness Marshal of Ostheim, was born in Saal an der Saale in 1761. She was characterized as neurotic in her youth.[1]
Personal life
editShe married Major Heinrich Julius Alexander von Kalb[1] on 25 October 1783. He was a veteran of France's involvement with the American War of Independence.[2]
Her marriage was an unhappy one as her husband was devoted to his career and they only spent their winters together.[2] She employed Friedrich Hölderlin, then a young poet, as a tutor for her son. She was also associated with Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.[3] Kalb was more than just a socialite and was said to have been asked to pass on Goethe's ideas about the development of animals' skulls to Professor Johann Herder. The idea was that skulls developed from vertebrae, an idea that is now discredited.[3]
Friedrich Schiller had an affair with Kalb in the 1780s after they met in Mannheim in 1784. Schiller was two years older than she and they were together for a number of years; there was talk of Kalb divorcing and remarrying.[4] Schiller is said to have based a number of his female characters on her.[3] Eventually, Schiller convinced himself that they needed to separate, but he needed help from his family and friends to extricate himself.[4] Schiller married in 1790.[5]
In 1796, Charlotte von Kalb began a correspondence with another German Romantic writer, Jean Paul. The primary interest was intellectual, but Jean Paul was flattered and arranged to travel to Weimar to meet her in person. Even then, their letters were initially cool, although Jean Paul was said to be "magnetic", and he admired not only Kalb's eyes but also "her soul". Her letters to Jean Paul were later published, containing their entreaties of love. Jean Paul was in two minds but he decided that she was "too titanic, too heroic". They did not marry, as Jean Paul might have indicated he hoped.[4]
In 1800, Kalb informally separated from her husband. His military career had ended, and his financial position was poor. In April 1806 he shot himself in Munich and died.[2]
Kalb died in Berlin in 1843, having published no books in her lifetime. In 1851, some years after her death, her book Cornelia was published, and in 1879, over thirty years after her death, an incomplete autobiography appeared titled Charlotte.[6] During her lifetime, Kalb was judged unfavourably by other women, but she "fascinated nearly all the men she ever knew".[4]
References
edit- ^ a b Bruford, W. H. (1962). Culture and Society in Classical Weimar 1775–1806. CUP Archive. pp. 324–. ISBN 978-0-521-09910-3.
- ^ a b c Heinrich Julius Alexander von Kalb, waltershausen-grabfeld.de (in German), retrieved 17 March 2014
- ^ a b c Filler, Aaron G. (2007). The upright ape a new origin of the species. Franklin Lakes, NJ: New Page Books. p. 56. ISBN 978-1564149336.
- ^ a b c d "Charlotte von Kalb" (PDF). New York Times. 1883. Retrieved 17 March 2014.
- ^ "Friedrich Schiller", Encyclopædia Britannica, retrieved 17 March 2014
- ^ Charlotte von Kalb, retrieved 16 March 2014
Bibliography
edit- Ursula Naumann: Charlotte von Kalb. Eine Lebensgeschichte (1761–1843). Metzler, Stuttgart 1985
- Klaus Herrmann: Der Abschied. Eine Erzählung um Schiller und Charlotte von Kalb. Weimar 1955
- Ida Boy-Ed: Charlotte von Kalb. Eine psychologische Studie. Jena 1912, Stuttgart 1920
- Johann Ludwig Klarmann: Geschichte der Familie von Kalb, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf Charlotte von Kalb. Erlangen 1902
- Ernst Köpke: Charlotte von Kalb und ihre Beziehungen zu Schiller und Göthe. 1852